Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor-Based Dosimetry for Sensitive Detection of Gamma Radiation

Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization on DNA Damage Using a Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor

The development of sensor technology enables the creation of DNA-based biosensors for biomedical applications. Herein, a quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensing system was employed as a transducer for biomedical applications to address indirect DNA damage associated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and enhance the effectiveness of low-dose gamma radiation in radiation therapy. The experiment included two stages, namely during and after irradiation exposure; shift frequencies (Δf) were measured for 20 min in each stage. During the irradiation stage, the QTF response to DNA damage was investigated in a deionized aqueous solution with and without 100 nm GNPs at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 µg/mL). Upon exposure to gamma radiation for 20 min at a dose rate of 2.4 µGy/min, the ratio of Δf/ΔT indicates increased fork displacement frequencies with or without GNPs. Additionally, DNA damage associated with high and low GNP concentrations was evaluated using the change in the resonance frequency of the QTF. The results indicate that GNPs at 15 and 10 µg/mL were associated with high damage-enhancement ratios, while saturation occurred at 20 µg/mL. At 15 µg/mL, significant radiotherapy enhancement occurred compared to that at 10 µg/mL at 10 min after exposure. In the post-irradiation stage, the frequency considerably differed between 15 and 10 µg/mL. Finally, these results significantly depart from the experimental predictions in the post-radiation stage. They exhibited no appreciable direct effect on DNA repair owing to the absence of an environment that promotes DNA repair following irradiation. However, these findings demonstrate the potential of enhancing damage by combining GNP-mediated radiation sensitization and biosensor technology. Thus, QTF is recommended as a reliable measure of DNA damage to investigate the dose enhancement effect at various GNP concentrations.

EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON PHYSICAL CONDITIONING IN SOCCER PLAYERS

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the development of contemporary soccer, it can be seen that the physical conditioning of athletes has become the gold standard for player evaluation. Objective: Analyze the effects of strength training on soccer players' physical conditioning. Methods: By combining functional strength training with traditional soccer training, the literature was compared, using the method of mathematical statistics and comparative analysis to study the influence of physical conditioning in youth soccer (n=62). Results: After the test, the difference between the control group and the experimental group was significantly enhanced (p = 0.66> 0.05), but there was no difference in effectiveness between the experimental group and the control group after 10 minutes (p = 0.03. <0.05). There was a significant difference in post-test performance between the experimental group and the control group (p = 0.04 <0.05), with emphasis on the hand-throw performance after training. Conclusion: The strength training protocol presented here had a positive impact on the physical conditioning of soccer players, especially on the agility performance of young athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.