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Rabadjieva D, Gergulova R, Ruseva K, Bonchev A, Shestakova P, Simeonov M, Vasileva R, Tatchev D, Titorenkova R, Vassileva E. Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine-Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6640. [PMID: 37895622 PMCID: PMC10608424 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules control mineral formation during the biomineralization process, but the effects of the organic components' functionality on the type of mineral phase is still unclear. The biomimetic precipitation of calcium phosphates in a physiological medium containing either polycarboxybetaine (PCB) or polysulfobetaine (PSB) was investigated in this study. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or a mixture of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) in different ratios were identified depending on the sequence of initial solution mixing and on the type of the negative functional group of the polymer used. The more acidic character of the sulfo group in PSB than the carboxy one in PCB determines the dominance of the acidic solid phases, namely, an acidic amorphous phase or DCPD. In the presence of PCB, the formation of ACP with acicular particles arranged in bundles with the same orientation was observed. A preliminary study on the remineralization potential of the hybrid material with the participation of PSB and a mixture of OCP and DCPD did not show an increase in enamel density, contrary to the materials based on PCB and ACP. Moreover, the latter showed the creation of a newly formed crystal layer similar to that of the underlying enamel. This defines PCB/ACP as a promising material for enamel remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rabadjieva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rumiana Gergulova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Konstans Ruseva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.); (M.S.); (E.V.)
| | - Alexander Bonchev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1, G. Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Pavletta Shestakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, BAS, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Marin Simeonov
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.); (M.S.); (E.V.)
| | - Radosveta Vasileva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1, G. Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Dragomir Tatchev
- Rostislaw Kaischew Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rositsa Titorenkova
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Elena Vassileva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.); (M.S.); (E.V.)
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Bie H, Chen H, Shan L, Tan CY, Al-Furjan MSH, Ramesh S, Gong Y, Liu YF, Zhou RG, Yang W, Wang H. 3D Printing and Performance Study of Porous Artificial Bone Based on HA-ZrO 2-PVA Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1107. [PMID: 36770115 PMCID: PMC9919799 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An ideal artificial bone implant should have similar mechanical properties and biocompatibility to natural bone, as well as an internal structure that facilitates stomatal penetration. In this work, 3D printing was used to fabricate and investigate artificial bone composites based on HA-ZrO2-PVA. The composites were proportionally configured using zirconia (ZrO2), hydroxyapatite (HA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), where the ZrO2 played a toughening role and PVA solution served as a binder. In order to obtain the optimal 3D printing process parameters for the composites, a theoretical model of the extrusion process of the composites was first established, followed by the optimization of various parameters including the spray head internal diameter, extrusion pressure, extrusion speed, and extrusion line width. The results showed that, at the optimum parameters of a spray head diameter of 0.2 mm, extrusion pressure values ranging from 1-3 bar, a line spacing of 0.8-1.5 mm, and a spray head displacement range of 8-10 mm/s, a better structure of biological bone scaffolds could be obtained. The mechanical tests performed on the scaffolds showed that the elastic modulus of the artificial bone scaffolds reached about 174 MPa, which fulfilled the biomechanical requirements of human bone. According to scanning electron microscope observation of the scaffold sample, the porosity of the scaffold sample was close to 65%, which can well promote the growth of chondrocytes and angiogenesis. In addition, c5.18 chondrocytes were used to verify the biocompatibility of the composite materials, and the cell proliferation was increased by 100% when compared with that of the control group. The results showed that the composite has good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Bie
- Artificial Intelligence Applications College, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 201415, China
| | - Honghao Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lijun Shan
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - C. Y. Tan
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - M. S. H. Al-Furjan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment (National “2011 Plan”), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - S. Ramesh
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Youping Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Y. F. Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment (National “2011 Plan”), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Zhejiang University of Technology, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - R. G. Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Hangzhou Dianzi University, 3-4/F, Building B, Zhejiang Yungu, Nanyang Avenue, Yaoxi Street, Hangzhou 325038, China
| | - Weibo Yang
- Zhejiang Guanlin Machinery Limited Company, Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Honghua Wang
- Zhejiang Guanlin Machinery Limited Company, Huzhou 313300, China
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Self-Prepared Hyaluronic Acid/Alkaline Gelatin Composite with Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Bone Morphogenetic Protein for Cranial Bone Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021104. [PMID: 36674618 PMCID: PMC9861406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
New bone-forming substitute materials are highly useful in dental implantology. The purpose of this study was to prepare cross-linked hyaluronic acid (cHLA)/cross-linked alkaline gelatin (cAG)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) constructs; and evaluate their bone-forming capabilities in rat cranial bone defects. The cHLA and cAG liquids processed with an epoxy cross-linker were blended with a 3:1 volume ratio, followed by freeze-drying. The dry composites were further infiltrated with water containing nHAp only (BMP (−)) or with water containing nHAp and BMP (BMP (+)). Prepared wet constructs (BMP (−) and BMP (+)) were implanted in rat cranial bone defects, while defects only were also made, and animals were fed for 8 weeks, followed by subsequent soft X-ray measurements and histological observations. The X-ray results showed that BMP (+) constructs disappeared, though caused inward extension of peripherical bone from defect edges with an increase in length of approximately 24%, larger than those of BMP (−) constructs and defect only with approximately 17% and 8% increments, respectively (p < 0.05). Histological observations of BMP (+) construct samples clearly indicated active bone extension consisting of an array of island-like bones. It was concluded that cHLA/cAG/nHAp/BMP could be used as novel bone-substitute materials.
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