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Lask M, Stawarczyk B, Reymus M, Meinen J, Mayinger F. Impact of varnishing, coating, and polishing on the chemical and mechanical properties of a 3D printed resin and two veneering composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:466.e1-466.e9. [PMID: 38797579 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fast fabrication of definitive fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). However, data on the effects of surface treatments on their chemical and mechanical properties are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the influence of different surface treatments on a 3D printed resin in comparison with 2 veneering composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 288 specimens were manufactured from a 3D printed resin (VarseoSmile Crownplus) or veneering composite resins (GRADIA PLUS; VITA VM LC flow). Surfaces underwent varnishing, coating, polishing or remain untreated. Conversion rate (DC), surface roughness (SR), Martens parameter, flexural strength (FS), and 3-body wear (3BW) were determined (n=12). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney-U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests (α=.05). RESULTS After polishing, the 3D printed resin showed higher DC, SR, and 3BW but lower Martens parameters compared with veneering composite resins (P<.007). After goat hair brushing, the 3D printed resin showed lower FS than VITA-VCR (P=.043). For the 3D printed resin, goat hair brushing or GC-Varnish reduced SR, while VITA-Varnish showed the lowest 3BW (P<.045). For both veneering composite resins, goat hair brushing led to low SR and 3BW and high EIT and FS (P<.043). Silicone polishing led to low EIT of the 3D printed resin and low EIT and FS of GC-VCR (P<.009). Coating resulted in a lower EIT than the untreated surface and higher 3BW than GC-Varnish (P<.030). CONCLUSIONS The 3D printed resin showed higher DC, SR, 3BW and lower HM, EIT, and FS values than the veneering composite resins. Polishing with a goat hair brush can be recommended for all tested materials. For the 3D printed resin, varnishing presents a promising alternative with regard to SR and 3BW. Silicone polishing and coating cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lask
- Doctoral student, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Professor, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Reymus
- Research Associate, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - John Meinen
- Dental Technician, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felicitas Mayinger
- Research Associate, Dental Materials Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kim JE, Mangal U, Yu JH, Kim GT, Kim H, Seo JY, Cha JY, Lee KJ, Kwon JS, Choi SH. Evaluation of the effects of temperature and centrifugation time on elimination of uncured resin from 3D-printed dental aligners. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15206. [PMID: 38956329 PMCID: PMC11219924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of temperature and centrifugation time on the efficacy of removing uncured resin from 3D-printed clear aligners. Using a photo-polymerizable polyurethane resin (Tera Harz TC-85, Graphy Inc., Seoul, Korea), aligners were printed and subjected to cleaning processes using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or centrifugation (g-force 27.95g) at room temperature (RT, 23 °C) and high temperature (HT, 55 °C) for 2, 4, and 6 min. The control group received no treatment (NT). Cleaning efficiency was assessed through rheological analysis, weight measurement, transparency evaluation, SEM imaging, 3D geometry evaluation, stress relaxation, and cell viability tests. Results showed increased temperature and longer centrifugation times significantly reduced aligner viscosity, weight (P < 0.05), and transmittance. IPA-cleaned aligners exhibited significantly lower transparency and rougher surfaces in SEM images. All groups met ISO biocompatibility standards in cytotoxicity tests. The NT group had higher root mean square (RMS) values, indicating greater deviation from the original design. Stress relaxation tests revealed over 95% recovery in all groups after 60 min. The findings suggest that a 2-min HT centrifugation process effectively removes uncured resin without significantly impacting the aligners' physical and optical properties, making it a clinically viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Utkarsh Mangal
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Yu
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Tae Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Joon Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Singh P, Maiti S, Shenoy A. Comparative evaluation of bond strength and color stability of polyetheretherketone and zirconia layered with indirect composite before and after thermocycling: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2024; 24:252-258. [PMID: 38946508 PMCID: PMC11321479 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_36_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the interaction of zirconia and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with indirect composite in fixed dental prostheses. This investigation aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) and color stability of zirconia and PEEK before and after aging, addressing critical concerns in dental restorative applications. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The current in vitro study used 96 samples, 48 of which were divided into two groups, zirconia and PEEK, before and after thermocycling. A dual-axis chewing simulator was used for thermocycling. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and color stability was checked using a reflective spectrophotometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six samples were categorized into zirconia and PEEK groups, each with subgroups undergoing thermocycling. Samples were prepared using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing milling and veneered with composite resin. Thermocycling involved 10,000 cycles, simulating stress levels equivalent to approximately 1 year of clinical use. SBS was assessed using standardized tests. Stereomicroscopic analysis was performed to evaluate the type of failure. Color stability of the core materials with indirect composite was done using a spectrophotometer before and after aging. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and independent t-tests in SPSS software. RESULTS The results revealed that SBS values for composite on PEEK decreased from 13.86 ± 0.164 MPa before thermocycling to 13.46 ± 0.185 MPa after thermocycling, with a significant difference (P < 0.005). However, both pre- and postthermocycling values for PEEK were higher than zirconia. The t-test confirmed the lower bond strength of composite to zirconia, with a noteworthy improvement after aging. Stereomicroscopic images revealed adhesive failure for the zirconia group and mixed (adhesive and cohesive) failure for the PEEK group. ΔE values were 3.21 ± 0.127 and 2.93 ± 0.142 for zirconia and PEEK groups, respectively (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it can be deduced that PEEK is a feasible substitute for zirconia when used in conjunction with indirect composite for the fabrication of dental prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amrutha Shenoy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wiertelak-Makała K, Szymczak-Pajor I, Bociong K, Śliwińska A. Considerations about Cytotoxicity of Resin-Based Composite Dental Materials: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:152. [PMID: 38203323 PMCID: PMC10778595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The dental material industry is rapidly developing resin-based composites (RBCs), which find widespread use in a variety of clinical settings. As such, their biocompatibility has gained increasing interest. This literature review presents a summary of research into the cytotoxicity of methacrylate-based composites published from 2017 to 2023. Subject to analysis were 14 in vitro studies on human and murine cell lines. Cytotoxicity in the included studies was measured via MTT assay, LDH assay, and WST-1 assay. The QUIN Risk of Bias Tool was performed to validate the included studies. Included studies (based entirely on the results of in vitro studies) provide evidence of dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of dental resin-based composites. Oxidative stress and the depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) were suggested as reasons for cytotoxicity. Induction of apoptosis by RBCs was indicated. While composites remain the golden standard of dental restorative materials, their potential cytotoxicity cannot be ignored due to direct long-term exposure. Further in vitro investigations and clinical trials are required to understand the molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity and produce novel materials with improved safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Wiertelak-Makała
- Student Scientific Society of Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Bociong
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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