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Muc A, Romanowicz P, Chwał M. Description of the Resin Curing Process-Formulation and Optimization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E127. [PMID: 30960111 PMCID: PMC6401829 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper gives a set of basic relations characterizing the phenomena of viscous polymer resin flow through fiber reinforcement and the resin curing process. We describe the technological process of manufacturing composite structures. The influence of the resin curing process on values of residual stresses in composite constructions is analyzed taking into account two components: thermal shrinkage and chemical shrinkage of resins. For cases of 2-D structures, the method of formulating such tasks has been demonstrated. The types of design variables appearing in the optimization problems in this area are also presented. The 2-D optimization problems have been formulated. Various optimization problems are solved in order to demonstrate the influence of discussed relations on values of residual stresses and curing processes of thermosetting resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Muc
- Institute of Machine Design, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Romanowicz
- Institute of Machine Design, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Chwał
- Institute of Machine Design, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
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Liang R, Dai J, Xu L, Zhang Y, He J, Wang S, Chen J, Peng Y, Ye L, Kuo HC, Chen C. Interface Anchored Effect on Improving Working Stability of Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode Using Graphene Oxide-Based Fluoropolymer Encapsulant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8238-8244. [PMID: 29388430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The graphene oxide (GO)-based fluoropolymer is first proposed as an interface encapsulant to improve the light extraction efficiency and achieve the ultralong working stability of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs), benefitting from its superior interface performance based on an anchored effect. For the GO-based fluoropolymer composite, the anchored structure is designed to effectively and tightly rivet the quartz lens on the DUV-LED chip by using the interface reaction between GO embedded in fluoropolymer and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane grafted on the surfaces. Experimental results show that on the basis of the interface anchored effect, the air voids in the interface layer of DUV-LED are reduced by 84%, leading to an improvement of the light output power by 15% and a decrease of the junction temperature by 5%, by virtue of the sealing characteristics of the 0.10 wt % GO-based fluoropolymer. In addition, the steady working time is dramatically improved by 660% and it was attributed to the good interface anchored bonding of the 0.10 wt % GO-based fluoropolymer. This novel graphene oxide-based fluoropolymer is believed to provide a feasible and effective interface encapsulant to improve the performance of DUV-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
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Li YC, Chang YH, Singh P, Chang LB, Yeh DH, Chao TY, Jian SY, Li YC, Tan CM, Lai CS, Chow L, Ying SP. RGB-Stack Light Emitting Diode Modules with Transparent Glass Circuit Board and Oil Encapsulation. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11030365. [PMID: 29494534 PMCID: PMC5872944 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The light emitting diode (LED) is widely used in modern solid-state lighting applications, and its output efficiency is closely related to the submounts' material properties. Most submounts used today, such as low-power printed circuit boards (PCBs) or high-power metal core printed circuit boards (MCPCBs), are not transparent and seriously decrease the output light extraction. To meet the requirements of high light output and better color mixing, a three-dimensional (3-D) stacked flip-chip (FC) LED module is proposed and demonstrated. To realize light penetration and mixing, the mentioned 3-D vertically stacking RGB LEDs use transparent glass as FC package submounts called glass circuit boards (GCB). Light emitted from each GCB stacked LEDs passes through each other and thus exhibits good output efficiency and homogeneous light-mixing characteristics. In this work, the parasitic problem of heat accumulation, which caused by the poor thermal conductivity of GCB and leads to a serious decrease in output efficiency, is solved by a proposed transparent cooling oil encapsulation (OCP) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chang Li
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Hsiao Chang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Preetpal Singh
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Liann-Be Chang
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
| | - Der-Hwa Yeh
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yu Chao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Si-Yun Jian
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Cher Ming Tan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Lee Chow
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Shang-Ping Ying
- Department of Opto-Electronic System Engineering, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Xinfeng Hsinchu 30401, Taiwan.
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