An Overview of the Foundations of the Hypergroup Theory

Cellular automaton created as an m-ary product of algebraic quasi-multiautomata

In this work, we follow the construction of an n-ary system of Cartesian composition of multiautomata with internal links, where we define the internal links to the homogeneous and heterogeneous products of multi-automata. While the introduction of an internal link is rectilinear in the Cartesian composition, it requires a new approach in product construction for the other two automata products. In this way, it is possible to focus on multiple options for creating these systems. More specifically, we combine automata and multi-automata with binding according to the basic definitions given by Dörfler. This approach shows new connections to cellular automata, which allow for the modeling of phenomena in many areas. At the end of the work, we discuss the advantages of these individual schemes for quasi-multiautomata connections.

Special Issue on Symmetry in Classical and Fuzzy Algebraic Hypercompositional Structures

Symmetry plays a fundamental role in our daily lives and in the study of the structure of different objects in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, architecture, arts, sociology, linguistics, etc [...]

State Machines and Hypergroups

State machines are a type of mathematical modeling tool that is commonly used to investigate how a system interacts with its surroundings. The system is thought to be made up of discrete states that change in response to external inputs. The state machines whose environment is a two-element magma are investigated in this study, focusing on the case when the magma is a group or a hypergroup. It is shown that state machines in any two-element magma can only have up to three states. In particular, the quasi-automata and quasi-multiautomata state machines are described and enumerated.

Algebraic Hyperstructure of Multi-Fuzzy Soft Sets Related to Polygroups

The combination of two elements in a group structure is an element, while, in a hypergroup, the combination of two elements is a non-empty set. The use of hypergroups appears mainly in certain subclasses. For instance, polygroups, which are a special subcategory of hypergroups, are used in many branches of mathematics and basic sciences. On the other hand, in a multi-fuzzy set, an element of a universal set may occur more than once with possibly the same or different membership values. A soft set over a universal set is a mapping from parameters to the family of subsets of the universal set. If we substitute the set of all fuzzy subsets of the universal set instead of crisp subsets, then we obtain fuzzy soft sets. Similarly, multi-fuzzy soft sets can be obtained. In this paper, we combine the multi-fuzzy soft set and polygroup structure, from which we obtain a new soft structure called the multi-fuzzy soft polygroup. We analyze the relation between multi-fuzzy soft sets and polygroups. Some algebraic properties of fuzzy soft polygroups and soft polygroups are extended to multi-fuzzy soft polygroups. Some new operations on a multi-fuzzy soft set are defined. In addition to this, we investigate normal multi-fuzzy soft polygroups and present some of their algebraic properties.

Supplements Related to Normal π-Projective Hypermodules

In this study, the role of supplements in Krasner hypermodules is examined and related to normal π-projectivity. We prove that the class of supplemented Krasner hypermodules is closed under finite sums and under quotients. Moreover, we give characterizations of finitely generated supplemented and amply supplemented Krasner hypermodules. In the second part of the paper we relate the normal projectivity to direct summands and supplements in Krasner hypermodules.

On fuzzy subsupermodule

In this paper we introduce the concept of (weak) fuzzy subsupermodules based on (thin) supermodules different from fuzzy subhypermodules. In this study, the concept of α-cuts play a main role for constructing of extended (weak) fuzzy subsupermodules. In final, we introduce a notation of residual quotients of (weak) fuzzy subsupermodules and obtain some conditions to be a (weak) fuzzy subsupermodule. Also obtained some applied results in residual quotients of (weak) fuzzy subsupermodules of superrings as specially subsupermodules.

G-Hypergroups: Hypergroups with a Group-Isomorphic Heart

Hypergroups can be subdivided into two large classes: those whose heart coincide with the entire hypergroup and those in which the heart is a proper sub-hypergroup. The latter class includes the family of 1-hypergroups, whose heart reduces to a singleton, and therefore is the trivial group. However, very little is known about hypergroups that are neither 1-hypergroups nor belong to the first class. The goal of this work is to take a first step in classifying G-hypergroups, that is, hypergroups whose heart is a nontrivial group. We introduce their main properties, with an emphasis on G-hypergroups whose the heart is a torsion group. We analyze the main properties of the stabilizers of group actions of the heart, which play an important role in the construction of multiplicative tables of G-hypergroups. Based on these results, we characterize the G-hypergroups that are of type U on the right or cogroups on the right. Finally, we present the hyperproduct tables of all G-hypergroups of size not larger than 5, apart of isomorphisms.