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Del Rey YC, Parize H, Assar S, Göstemeyer G, Schlafer S. Effect of mutanase and dextranase on biofilms of cariogenic bacteria: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Biofilm 2024; 7:100202. [PMID: 38846328 PMCID: PMC11154121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix-degrading enzymes are promising non-biocidal adjuncts to dental biofilm control and caries prevention. By disrupting the biofilm matrix structure, enzymes may prevent biofilm formation or disperse established biofilms without compromising the microbial homeostasis in the mouth. This study reviewed whether treatment with mutanase and/or dextranase inhibits cariogenic biofilm growth and/or removes cariogenic biofilms in vitro. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LIVIVO databases. Manual searches were performed to identify additional records. Studies that quantitatively measured the effect of mutanase and/or dextranase on the inhibition/removal of in vitro cariogenic biofilms were considered eligible for inclusion. Out of 809 screened records, 34 articles investigating the effect of dextranase (n = 23), mutanase (n = 10), and/or combined enzyme treatment (n = 7) were included in the review. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was moderate. Most investigations used simple biofilm models based on one or few bacterial species and employed treatment times ≥30 min. The current evidence suggests that mutanase and dextranase, applied as single or combined treatment, are able to both inhibit and remove in vitro cariogenic biofilms. The pooled data indicate that enzymes are more effective for biofilm inhibition than removal, and an overall higher effect of mutanase compared to dextranase was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi C. Del Rey
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hian Parize
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sahar Assar
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gerd Göstemeyer
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Chen Z, Chen J, Ni D, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzyme: Properties, structural features, and versatile applications. Food Chem 2024; 437:137951. [PMID: 37951078 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dextran, an α-glucan mainly composed of (α1 → 6) linkages, has been widely applied in the food, cosmetic, and medicine industries. Dextranase can hydrolyze dextran to synthesize oligodextrans, which show prominent properties and promising applications in the food industry. Dextranases are widely distributed in bacteria, yeasts, and fungus, and classified into glycoside hydrolase (GH) 13, 15, 31, 49, and 66 families according to their sequence similarity, structural features, and reaction types. Dextranase, as a dextran-hydrolyzing enzyme, displays great application potential in the sugar-making, oral health care, medicine, and biotechnology industries. Here we mainly focused on presenting the enzymatic properties, structural features, and versatile (potential) applications of dextranase. To date, seven crystal structures of dextranases from GH 13, 15, 31, 49, and 66 families have been successfully solved. However, their molecular mechanisms for hydrolyzing dextran, especially on the size determinants of the hydrolysates, remain largely unknown. Additionally, the classification, microbial distribution, and immobilization technology of dextranase were also discussed in detail. This review discussed dextranase from different aspects with the ambition to present how they constitute the groundwork for promising future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Wang B, Wu Y, Li Q, Wu X, Kang X, Zhang L, Lyu M, Wang S. The Screening and Identification of a Dextranase-Secreting Marine Actinmycete Saccharomonospora sp. K1 and Study of Its Enzymatic Characteristics. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:69. [PMID: 38393040 PMCID: PMC10890608 DOI: 10.3390/md22020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, an actinomycete was isolated from sea mud. The strain K1 was identified as Saccharomonospora sp. by 16S rDNA. The optimal enzyme production temperature, initial pH, time, and concentration of the inducer of this actinomycete strain K1 were 37 °C, pH 8.5, 72 h, and 2% dextran T20 of medium, respectively. Dextranase from strain K1 exhibited maximum activity at 8.5 pH and 50 °C. The molecular weight of the enzyme was <10 kDa. The metal ions Sr2+ and K+ enhanced its activity, whereas Fe3+ and Co2+ had an opposite effect. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography showed that dextran was mainly hydrolyzed to isomaltoheptose and isomaltopentaose. Also, it could effectively remove biofilms of Streptococcus mutans. Furthermore, it could be used to prepare porous sweet potato starch. This is the first time a dextranase-producing actinomycete strain was screened from marine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Yizhuo Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xinxin Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (B.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Boualis H, Wu X, Wang B, Li Q, Liu M, Zhang L, Lyu M, Wang S. Dextranase Production Using Marine Microbacterium sp. XD05 and Its Application. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:528. [PMID: 37888463 PMCID: PMC10607964 DOI: 10.3390/md21100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextranase, also known as glucanase, is a hydrolase enzyme that cleaves α-1,6 glycosidic bonds. In this study, a dextranase-producing strain was isolated from water samples of the Qingdao Sea and identified as Microbacterium sp. This strain was further evaluated for growth conditions, enzyme-producing conditions, enzymatic properties, and hydrolysates. Yeast extract and sodium chloride were found to be the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for strain growth, while sucrose and ammonium sodium were found to be suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for fermentation. The optimal pH was 7.5, with a culture temperature of 40 °C and a culture time of 48 h. Dextranase produced by strain XD05 showed good thermal stability at 40 °C by retaining more than 70% relative enzyme activity. The pH stability of the enzyme was better under a weak alkaline condition (pH 6.0-8.0). The addition of NH4+ increased dextranase activity, while Co2+ and Mn2+ had slight inhibitory effects on dextranase activity. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography showed that dextran is mainly hydrolyzed to maltoheptanose, maltohexanose, maltopentose, and maltootriose. Moreover, it can form corn porous starch. Dextranase can be used in various fields, such as food, medicine, chemical industry, cosmetics, and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Boualis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Boyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mingwang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (H.B.); (X.W.); (B.W.); (Q.L.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Mir B, Yang J, Li Z, Wang L, Ali V, Hu X, Zhang H. Review on recent advances in the properties, production and applications of microbial dextranases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:242. [PMID: 37400664 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Dextranase is a type of hydrolase that is responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of high-molecular-weight dextran into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. This process is called dextranolysis. A select group of bacteria and fungi, including yeasts and likely certain complex eukaryotes, produce dextranase enzymes as extracellular enzymes that are released into the environment. These enzymes join dextran's α-1,6 glycosidic bonds to make glucose, exodextranases, or isomalto-oligosaccharides (endodextranases). Dextranase is an enzyme that has a wide variety of applications, some of which include the sugar business, the production of human plasma replacements, the treatment of dental plaque and its protection, and the creation of human plasma replacements. Because of this, the quantity of studies carried out on worldwide has steadily increased over the course of the past couple of decades. The major focus of this study is on the most current advancements in the production, administration, and properties of microbial dextranases. This will be done throughout the entirety of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiza Mir
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Vilayat Ali
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Tran TTH, Nguyen TPA, Pham TD, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TLD, Nguyen TTT, Tran TLH, Giang TK, Bui TTH, Do BC, Nguyen TT, Haltrich D, Nguyen HA. Histamine-degrading halophilic bacteria from traditional fish sauce: Characterization of Virgibacillus campisalis TT8.5 for histamine reduction. J Biotechnol 2023; 366:46-53. [PMID: 36933867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally produced fish sauce can contain significant amounts of histamine. In some instances, the histamine concentration may be well above the limit recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The aim of this study was to discover new bacterial strains capable of growing under the stressful environmental conditions of fish sauce fermentation and metabolizing histamine. In this study, 28 bacterial strains were isolated from Vietnamese fish sauce products based on their ability to grow at high salt concentrations (23% NaCl) and tested for their ability to degrade histamine. Strain TT8.5 showed the highest histamine-degradation (45.1 ± 0.2% of initially 5 mM histamine within 7 days) and was identified as Virgibacillus campisalis TT8.5. Its histamine-degrading activity was shown to be localized intracellularly and the enzyme is a putative histamine dehydrogenase. The strain exhibited optimal growth and histamine-degrading activity at 37°C, pH 7%, and 5% NaCl in halophilic archaea (HA) histamine broth. It also showed pronounced histamine-degrading activity in HA histamine broth when cultivated at temperatures of up to 40 °C as well as in the presence of up to 23% NaCl. After treatment with immobilized cells, 17.6-26.9% of the initial histamine in various fish sauce products were reduced within 24 h of incubation, while no significant changes in other parameters of fish sauce quality were observed after this treatment. Our results indicate that V. campisalis TT8.5 is of potential interest to be applied in histamine degradation of traditional fish sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hang Tran
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Phuong Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Diu Pham
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hong Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Lam Doan Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thanh Thuy Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Lan Huong Tran
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Khoa Giang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thu Hien Bui
- Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Bien-Cuong Do
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tien-Thanh Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hoang Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Hu X, Xia B, Ru W, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang H. Research progress on structure and catalytic mechanism of dextranase. EFOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Qin Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Bing‐Bing Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Wei‐Juan Ru
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Yu‐Xin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Jing‐Wen Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
| | - Hong‐Bin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China
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Wei Z, Chen J, Xu L, Liu N, Yang J, Wang S. Improving the thermostability of GH49 dextranase AoDex by site-directed mutagenesis. AMB Express 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 36656394 PMCID: PMC9852402 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable enzyme for the hydrolysis of dextran, dextranase has been widely used in the fields of food and medicine. It should be noted that the weak thermostability of dextranase has become a restricted factor for industrial applications. This study aims to improve the thermostability of dextranase AoDex in glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 49 that derived from Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11. Some mutants were predicted and constructed based on B-factor analysis, PoPMuSiC and HotMuSiC algorithms, and four mutants exhibited higher heat resistance. Compared with the wild-type, mutant S357P showed the best improved thermostability with a 5.4-fold increase of half-life at 60 °C, and a 2.1-fold increase of half-life at 65 °C. Furthermore, S357V displayed the most obvious increase in enzymatic activity and thermostability simultaneously. Structural modeling analysis indicated that the improved thermostability of mutants might be attributed to the introduction of proline and hydrophobic effects, which generated the rigid optimization of the structural conformation. These results illustrated that it was effective to improve the thermostability of dextranase AoDex by rational design and site-directed mutagenesis. The thermostable mutant of dextranase AoDex has potential application value, and it can also provide references for engineering other thermostable dextranases of the GH49 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei
- grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China ,grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China
| | - Jinling Chen
- grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China
| | - Linxiang Xu
- grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China ,grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China
| | - Nannan Liu
- grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China ,grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China
| | - Jie Yang
- grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China ,grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China
| | - Shujun Wang
- grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China ,grid.443480.f0000 0004 1800 0658School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China
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9
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Ru WJ, Xia BB, Zhang YX, Yang JW, Zhang HB, Hu XQ. Development of thermostable dextranase from Streptococcus mutans (SmdexTM) through in silico design employing B-factor and Cartesian-ΔΔG. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:142-151. [PMID: 36343755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability of enzymes dramatically limits their application in the industrial field. Based on the crystal structure, we conducted a semi-rational design according to the B-factor and free energy values to improve the stability of dextranase from Streptococcus mutans (SmdexTM). The B-factor values of Asn102, Asn503, Asp501 and Asp500 were the highest predicted by B-FITTER. Then Rosetta was used to simulate the saturation mutations of Asn102, Asn503, Asp501 and Asp500. The mutated amino acid was designed according to the change of acG. The results showed that the thermal stability of N102P, N102C, D500G, and D500T was improved, and the half-lives of N102P/D500G and N102P/D500T at 45 °C were increased to 3.14 times and 2.44 times, respectively. Analyzing the interaction of amino acids by using Discovery Studio 4.5, it was observed that the thermal stability of dextranase was improved due to the increase in hydrophobicity and the number of hydrogen bonds of the mutant enzyme. The catalytic efficiency of N102P/D500T was increased. Compared with the hydrolyzed products of SmdexTM, the mutant enzymes do not change the specificity of hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Juan Ru
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Bing-Bing Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China.
| | - Xue-Qin Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China.
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Liu N, Wei Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang S. Purification and characterization of cold-adapted and salt-tolerant dextranase from Cellulosimicrobium sp. THN1 and its potential application for treatment of dental plaque. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1012957. [PMID: 36439846 PMCID: PMC9691899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1012957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cold-adapted and/or salt-tolerant enzymes from marine microorganisms were confirmed to be meritorious tools to enhance the efficiency of biocatalysis in industrial biotechnology. We purified and characterized a dextranase CeDex from the marine bacterium Cellulosimicrobium sp. THN1. CeDex acted in alkaline pHs (7.5-8.5) and a broad temperature range (10-50°C) with sufficient pH stability and thermostability. Remarkably, CeDex retained approximately 40% of its maximal activities at 4°C and increased its activity to 150% in 4 M NaCl, displaying prominently cold adaptation and salt tolerance. Moreover, CeDex was greatly stimulated by Mg2+, Na+, Ba2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+, and sugarcane juice always contains K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+, so CeDex will be suitable for removing dextran in the sugar industry. The main hydrolysate of CeDex was isomaltotriose, accompanied by isomaltotetraose, long-chain IOMs, and a small amount of isomaltose. The amino acid sequence of CeDex was identified from the THN1 genomic sequence by Nano LC-MS/MS and classified into the GH49 family. Notably, CeDex could prevent the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm and disassemble existing biofilms at 10 U/ml concentration and would have great potential to defeat biofilm-related dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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11
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Barzkar N, Babich O, Das R, Sukhikh S, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Sohail M. Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175533. [PMID: 36080300 PMCID: PMC9458216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the production of human plasma substitutes, and for the treatment and prevention of dental plaque. Currently, dextranases are obtained from terrestrial fungi which have longer duration for production but not very tolerant to environmental conditions and have safety concerns. Marine bacteria have been proposed as an alternative source of these enzymes and can provide prospects to overcome these issues. Indeed, marine bacterial dextranases are reportedly more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention and treatment. Here, we focused on properties of dextran, properties of dextran—hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly from marine sources and the biochemical features of these enzymes. Lastly the potential use of these marine bacterial dextranase to remove dental plaque has been discussed. The review covers dextranase-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp, fish, algae, sea slit, and sea water, as well as from macro- and micro fungi and other microorganisms. It is common knowledge that dextranase is used in the sugar industry; produced as a result of hydrolysis by dextranase and have prebiotic properties which influence the consistency and texture of food products. In medicine, dextranases are used to make blood substitutes. In addition, dextranase is used to produce low molecular weight dextran and cytotoxic dextran. Furthermore, dextranase is used to enhance antibiotic activity in endocarditis. It has been established that dextranase from marine bacteria is the most preferable for removing plaque, as it has a high enzymatic activity. This study lays the groundwork for the future design and development of different oral care products, based on enzymes derived from marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran
- Correspondence: or
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Rakesh Das
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 14578, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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12
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Constitutive High Expression Level of a Synthetic Deleted Encoding Gene of Talaromyces minioluteus Endodextranase Variant (r–TmDEX49A–ΔSP–ΔN30) in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In the sugar industry, dextran generates difficulties in the manufacturing process. Using crude dextranase (EC 3.2.1.11) to eliminate dextran in sugar is an effective practice. In this study, a synthetic dextranase-encoding gene of the filamentous fungus Talaromyces minioluteus, lacking its putative native signal peptide (1–20 amino acids) and the next 30 amino acids (r–TmDEX49A–ΔSP–ΔN30), was fused to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prepro α–factor (MFα–2) signal sequence and expressed in Komagataella phaffii under the constitutive GAP promoter. K. phaffii DEX49A–ΔSP–ΔN30, constitutively producing and secreting the truncated dextranase, was obtained. The specific activity of the truncated variant resulted in being nearly the same in relation to the full-length mature enzyme (900–1000 U·mg−1 of protein). At shaker scale (100 mL) in a YPG medium, the enzymatic activity was 273 U·mL−1. The highest production level was achieved in a fed-batch culture (30 h) at 5 L fermenter scale using the FM21–PTM1 culture medium. The enzymatic activity in the culture supernatant reached 1614 U·mL−1, and the productivity was 53,800 U·L−1·h−1 (53.8 mg·L−1·h−1), the highest reported thus far for a DEX49A variant. Dextran decreased r–TmDEX49A–ΔSP–ΔN30 mobility in affinity gel electrophoresis, providing evidence of carbohydrate–protein interactions. K. phaffii DEX49A–ΔSP–ΔN30 shows great potential as a methanol-free, commercial dextranase production system.
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13
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Suksatan W, Kazemzadeh P, Afzali D, Moghaddam-manesh M, Chauhan NPS, Sargazi G. A controllable study on ultrasound assisted synthesis of a novel Ni/Zn based hybrid MOF nanostructures for Dextranase immobilization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Liu N, Li P, Dong X, Lan Y, Xu L, Wei Z, Wang S. Purification, Characterization, and Hydrolysate Analysis of Dextranase From Arthrobacter oxydans G6-4B. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:813079. [PMID: 35223821 PMCID: PMC8867256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.813079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran has aroused increasingly more attention as the primary pollutant in sucrose production and storage. Although enzymatic hydrolysis is more efficient and environmentally friendly than physical methods, the utilization of dextranase in the sugar industry is restricted by the mismatch of reaction conditions and heterogeneity of hydrolysis products. In this research, a dextranase from Arthrobacter oxydans G6-4B was purified and characterized. Through anion exchange chromatography, dextranase was successfully purified up to 32.25-fold with a specific activity of 288.62 U/mg protein and a Mw of 71.12 kDa. The optimum reaction conditions were 55°C and pH 7.5, and it remained relatively stable in the range of pH 7.0–9.0 and below 60°C, while significantly inhibited by metal ions, such as Ni+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Co2+. Noteworthily, a distinction of previous studies was that the hydrolysates of dextran were basically isomalto-triose (more than 73%) without glucose, and the type of hydrolysates tended to be relatively stable in 30 min; dextranase activity showed a great influence on hydrolysate. In conclusion, given the superior thermal stability and simplicity of hydrolysates, the dextranase in this study presented great potential in the sugar industry to remove dextran and obtain isomalto-triose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Nannan Liu,
| | - Peiting Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiujin Dong
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yusi Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Linxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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15
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Effect of Dextranase and Dextranase-and-Nisin-Containing Mouthwashes on Oral Microbial Community of Healthy Adults—A Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the alteration of oral microbial composition in healthy subjects after using dextranase-containing mouthwash (DMW; Mouthwash formulation I) and dextranase-and-nisin-containing mouthwash (DNMW; Mouthwash formulation II). Eighteen participants were recruited and were randomly allocated to two groups: G1 (DMW user; n = 8) and G2 (DNMW user; n = 10). The subjects were instructed to use the provided mouthwash regularly twice a day for 30 days. The bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PBD), and gingival index (GI) were analyzed, and saliva samples were collected before (day 0) and after (day 30) the use of mouthwashes. The saliva metagenomic DNA was extracted and sequenced (next-generation sequencing, Miseq paired-end Illumina 2 × 250 bp platform). The oral microbial community in the pre-and post-treated samples were annotated using QIIME 2™. The results showed the PI and PBD values were significantly reduced in G2 samples. The BOP and GI values of both groups were not significantly altered. The post-treated samples of both groups yielded a reduced amount of microbial DNA. The computed phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and evenness were reduced significantly in the post-treated samples of G2 compared to the post-treated G1 samples. The mouthwash formulations also supported some pathogens’ growth, which indicated that formulations required further improvement. The study needs further experiments to conclude the results. The study suggested that the improved DNMW could be an adjuvant product to improve oral hygiene.
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16
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Huang YZ, Jin Z, Wang ZM, Qi LB, Song S, Zhu BW, Dong XP. Marine Bioactive Compounds as Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients for Potential Oral Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:686663. [PMID: 34926539 PMCID: PMC8675007 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.686663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases have received considerable attention worldwide as one of the major global public health problems. The development of oral diseases is influenced by socioeconomic, physiological, traumatic, biological, dietary and hygienic practices factors. Currently, the main prevention strategy for oral diseases is to inhibit the growth of biofilm-producing plaque bacteria. Tooth brushing is the most common method of cleaning plaque, aided by mouthwash and sugar-free chewing gum in the daily routine. As the global nutraceutical market grows, marine bioactive compounds are becoming increasingly popular among consumers for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. However, to date, few systematic summaries and studies on the application of marine bioactive compounds in oral health exist. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different marine-sourced bioactive compounds and their health benefits in dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, oral cancer, and their potential use as functional food ingredients for oral health. In addition, limitations and challenges of the application of these active ingredients are discussed and some observations on current work and future trends are presented in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Bo Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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17
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Lin Y, Zhou X, Li Y. Strategies for Streptococcus mutans biofilm dispersal through extracellular polymeric substances disruption. Mol Oral Microbiol 2021; 37:1-8. [PMID: 34727414 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm-dependent oral infectious diseases affecting most of the world's population. Streptococcus mutans, a major extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing bacteria in dental plaque, plays a vital role in human dental caries. EPS acts as the framework of dental plaque and promotes bacterial adhesion, cohesion, and environmental stress resistance and hinders the diffusion of nutrients and metabolic products. Since EPS is critical for biofilm lifestyle and virulence of cariogenic bacteria, EPS disruption could be a potential strategy to prevent caries. This review sought to summarize potential strategies to inhibit S. mutans biofilms through EPS disruption. The signal network intervention has a positive effect on S. mutans biofilm disruption, which could be achieved by using cyclic dimeric G/AMP inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors, and diffusible signal factors. Besides the enzyme degradation of exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins, other novel strategies, such as nanoparticles and phage therapy, could also promote EPS matrix disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Ning Z, Dong D, Tian X, Zu H, Tian X, Lyu M, Wang S. Alkalic dextranase produced by marine bacterium Cellulosimicrobium sp. PX02 and its application. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:1002-1015. [PMID: 34528722 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme dextranase is widely used in the sugar and food industries, as well as in the medical field. Most land-derived dextranases are produced by fungi and have the disadvantages of long production cycles, low tolerance to environmental conditions, and low safety. The use of marine bacteria to produce dextranases may overcome these problems. In this study, a dextranase-producing bacterium was isolated from the Rizhao seacoast of Shandong, China. The bacterium, denoted as PX02, was identified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. and its growing conditions and the production and properties of its dextranase were investigated. The dextranase had a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa, maximum activity at 40°C and pH 7.5, with a stability range of up to 45°C and pH 7.0-9.0. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that the dextranase hydrolyzed dextranT20 to isomaltotriose, maltopentaose, and isomaltooligosaccharides. Hydrolysis by dextranase produced excellent antioxidant effects, suggesting its potential use in the health food industry. Investigation of the action of the dextranase on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and scanning electron microscopy showed that it to be effective both for removing and inhibiting the formation of biofilms, suggesting its potential application in the dental industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongxue Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hangtian Zu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xueqing Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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19
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Lin Y, Chen J, Zhou X, Li Y. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by strategies targeting the metabolism of exopolysaccharides. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:667-677. [PMID: 33938347 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1915959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm-associated infectious diseases affecting most of the world's population. In particular, dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm adherent to the enamel surface. Specific types of acid-producing bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, colonize the dental surface and cause damage to the hard tooth structure in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. Streptococcus mutans has been established as the major cariogenic pathogen responsible for human dental caries, with a high ability to form biofilms. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix, mainly contributed by S. mutans, has been considered as a virulence determinant of cariogenic biofilm. As EPS is an important virulence factor, targeting EPS metabolism could be useful in preventing cariogenic biofilm formation. This review summarizes plausible strategies targeting S. mutans biofilms by degrading EPS structure, inhibiting EPS production, and disturbing the EPS metabolism-related gene expression and regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Martínez D, Menéndez C, Chacón O, Fuentes AD, Borges D, Sobrino A, Ramírez R, Pérez ER, Hernández L. Removal of bacterial dextran in sugarcane juice by Talaromyces minioluteus dextranase expressed constitutively in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2021; 333:10-20. [PMID: 33901619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A gene construct encoding the mature region of Talaromyces minioluteus dextranase (EC 3.2.1.11) fused to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUC2 signal sequence was expressed in Pichia pastoris under the constitutive glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (pGAP). The increase of the transgene dosage from one to two and four copies enhanced proportionally the extracellular yield of the recombinant enzyme (r-TmDEX) without inhibiting cell growth. The volumetric productivity of the four-copy clone in fed batch fermentation (51 h) using molasses as carbon source was 1706 U/L/h. The secreted N-glycosylated r-TmDEX was optimally active at pH 4.5-5.5 and temperature 50-60 °C. The addition of sucrose (600 g/L) as a stabilizer retained intact the r-TmDEX activity after 1-h incubation at 50-60 °C and pH 5.5. Bacterial dextran in deteriorated sugarcane juice was completely removed by applying a crude preparation of secreted r-TmDEX. The high yield of r-TmDEX in methanol-free cultures and the low cost of the fed batch fermentation make the P. pastoris pGAP-based expression system appropriate for the large scale production of dextranase and its use for dextran removal at sugar mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duniesky Martínez
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Sancti Spíritus (CIGBSS), Circunvalante Norte S/N, Olivos 3, Apartado Postal 83, Sancti Spíritus, 60200, Cuba
| | - Carmen Menéndez
- Grupo Tecnología de Enzimas, Dirección de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Osmani Chacón
- Grupo Tecnología de Enzimas, Dirección de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Alejandro D Fuentes
- Grupo Virología de Plantas, Dirección de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Dalia Borges
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Sancti Spíritus (CIGBSS), Circunvalante Norte S/N, Olivos 3, Apartado Postal 83, Sancti Spíritus, 60200, Cuba
| | - Alina Sobrino
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Sancti Spíritus (CIGBSS), Circunvalante Norte S/N, Olivos 3, Apartado Postal 83, Sancti Spíritus, 60200, Cuba
| | - Ricardo Ramírez
- Grupo Tecnología de Enzimas, Dirección de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Enrique R Pérez
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Sancti Spíritus (CIGBSS), Circunvalante Norte S/N, Olivos 3, Apartado Postal 83, Sancti Spíritus, 60200, Cuba
| | - Lázaro Hernández
- Grupo Tecnología de Enzimas, Dirección de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología (CIGB), Ave 31 entre 158 y 190, Apartado Postal 6162, Habana, 10600, Cuba.
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21
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Dong D, Wang X, Deng T, Ning Z, Tian X, Zu H, Ding Y, Wang C, Wang S, Lyu M. A novel dextranase gene from the marine bacterium Bacillus aquimaris S5 and its expression and characteristics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6105217. [PMID: 33476380 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextranase specifically hydrolyzes dextran and is used to produce functional isomalto-saccharide prebiotics. Moreover, dextranase is used as an additive in mouthwash to remove dental plaque. We cloned and expressed the dextranase gene of the marine bacterium Bacillus aquimaris S5. The length of the BaDex gene was 1788 bp, encoding 573 amino acids. Using bioinformatics to predict and analyze the amino acid sequence of BaDex, we found the isoelectric point and instability coefficient to be 4.55 and 29.22, respectively. The average hydrophilicity (GRAVY) was -0.662. The secondary structure of BaDex consisted of 145 alpha helices, accounting for 25.31% of the protein; 126 extended strands, accounting for 21.99%; and 282 random coils, accounting for 49.21%. The 3D structure of the BaDex protein was predicted and simulated using SWISS-MODEL, and BaDex was classified as a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 66 protein. The optimal temperature and pH for BaDex activity were 40°C and 6.0, respectively. The hydrolysates had excellent antioxidant activity, and 8 U/mL of BaDex could remove 80% of dental plaque in MBRC experiment. This recombinant protein thus has great promise for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Tian Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Zhe Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Hangtian Zu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Yanshuai Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Cang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230039, China
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22
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Zhao J, Wang L, Wei X, Li K, Liu J. Food-Grade Expression and Characterization of a Dextranase from Chaetomium gracile Suitable for Sugarcane Juice Clarification. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000797. [PMID: 33245200 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The microbial production of dextranase using cheap carbon sources is beneficial to solve the economic loss caused by the accumulation of dextran in syrup. A food-grade microbial cell factory was constructed by introducing the dextranase encoding gene DEX from Chaetomium gracile to the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis, and the antibiotic resistance marker gene was subsequently deleted via the Cre/loxP strategy. The dual-promoter system with a sequentially arranged constitutive P43 promoter resulted in an 85 % increase in DEX expression. Under the optimal fermentation conditions of 10 g/L maltose, 15 g/L casein, 1 g/L Na2 HPO4 , 1 g/L FeSO4 and 8 g/L NaCl, DEX activity was increased from 2.625 to 64.34 U/mL. Recombinant DEX was purified 5.98-fold with a recovery ratio of 26.67 % and specific activity of 3935.02 U/mg. Enzyme activity was optimal at 55 °C and pH 5.0 and remained 80.34 % and 71.36 % of the initial activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0 after 60 min, respectively. The enzyme possessed high activity in the presence of Co2+ , while Ag+ showed the strongest inhibition ability. The optimal substrate was 20 g/L dextran T-2000. The findings could facilitate the low-cost, large-scale production of food-grade DEX for use in the sugar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Leyi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China.,Sugar Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China.,Sugar Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
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23
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Zhang X, Chen F, He C, Fang W, Fang Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Xiao Y. Improving the thermostability of a GH97 dextran glucosidase by rational design. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2211-2221. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Liu X, Feng Y, Lai X, Deng T, Liu X, Lyu M, Wang S. Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ST-1 for fermentation of shrimp paste and hydrolysates of its protease. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5352-5361. [PMID: 33133538 PMCID: PMC7590317 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutrition and flavor of shrimp paste came from hydrolyzation by enzymes that were produced by microorganisms. The salt-tolerant strain Virgibacillus halodenitrificans ST-1 isolated from shrimp paste was studied and used in the fermentation of shrimp paste. The strain and the protease produced by ST-1 were investigated. The optimum pH of the protease was 8.0, and the reaction temperature was 30°C. The protease showed high activity in the range of pH (5.0-11.0) and NaCl concentration (1%-15%). Divalent cations such as Ba2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Si2+ could enhance the protease activity. Residual activity of protease was more than 90% when it was incubated with PMSF and H2O2. Also, the enzyme retained more than 90% of initial activity after it was incubated with organic solvents. Variety of natural proteins could be substrates of the protease. By analyzing the release rate of free amino acids, it was predicted that the cleavage sites of the protease were mainly Glu, Asp, Gly, Leu, and Lys. Moreover, the hydrolysates of the protease had antioxidant activity, especially for DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging. The strain ST-1 and the protease both were excellent candidates for food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio‐industry TechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Yanli Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio‐industry TechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Xiaohua Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio‐industry TechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Tian Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio‐industry TechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio‐industry TechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio‐industry TechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological ManufacturingAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment /Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine BiotechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio‐industry TechnologyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological ManufacturingAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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