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Guo X, Ren J, Zhou X, Zhang M, Lei C, Chai R, Zhang L, Lu D. Strategies to improve the efficiency and quality of mutant breeding using heavy-ion beam irradiation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:735-752. [PMID: 37455421 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2226339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-ion beam irradiation (HIBI) is useful for generating new germplasm in plants and microorganisms due to its ability to induce high mutagenesis rate, broad mutagenesis spectrum, and excellent stability of mutants. However, due to the random mutagenesis and associated mutant breeding modalities, it is imperative to improve HIBI-based mutant breeding efficiency and quality. This review discusses and summarizes the findings of existing theoretical and technical studies and presents a set of tandem strategies to enable efficient and high-quality HIBI-based mutant breeding practices. These strategies: adjust the mutation-inducing techniques, regulate cellular response states, formulate high-throughput screening schemes, and apply the generated superior genetic elements to genetic engineering approaches, thereby, improving the implications and expanding the scope of HIBI-based mutant breeding. These strategies aim to improve the mutagenesis rate, screening efficiency, and utilization of positive mutations. Here, we propose a model based on the integration of these strategies that would leverage the advantages of HIBI while compensating for its present shortcomings. Owing to the unique advantages of HIBI in creating high-quality genetic resources, we believe this review will contribute toward improving HIBI-based breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junle Ren
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cairong Lei
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chai
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingxi Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pang Y, Duan L, Song B, Cui Y, Liu X, Wang T. A Review of Fucoxanthin Biomanufacturing from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8. [PMID: 38884655 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae, compared to macroalgae, exhibit advantages such as rapid growth rates, feasible large-scale cultivation, and high fucoxanthin content. Among these microalgae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum emerges as an optimal source for fucoxanthin production. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on fucoxanthin production using Phaeodactylum tricornutum from 2012 to 2022, offering detailed insights into various aspects, including strain selection, media optimization, nutritional requirements, lighting conditions, cell harvesting techniques, extraction solvents, extraction methodologies, as well as downstream separation and purification processes. Additionally, an economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of fucoxanthin production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, with a comparative perspective to astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. Lastly, this paper discusses the current challenges and future opportunities in this research field, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, producers, and industry managers seeking to further advance this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Pang
- Weihai Vocational College, Weihai, 264200, China.
- Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Shandong Haizhibao Marine Technology Co., LTD. Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Weihai, 264200, China.
| | - LiQin Duan
- Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bo Song
- Weihai Ocean Development Research Institute, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - YuLin Cui
- Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - XiaoYong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Marine Technology Co., LTD. Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Weihai, 264200, China
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Ding R, Huang R, Su H, Li J, Li F, Wang S. Screening of astaxanthin-overproducing Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous strains via iterative ARTP mutagenesis and cell sorting by flow cytometry. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae020. [PMID: 38271605 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The astaxanthin-producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is widely used in aquaculture. Due to the production of carotenoid, this yeast shows visible color; however, high-throughput approaches for identification of astaxanthin-overproducing strains remain rare. METHODS AND RESULTS This study verified an effective approach to identify astaxanthin-overproducing mutants of X. dendrorhous by flow cytometry (FCM) and cell sorting. First, the mutant libraries were generated by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. Second, a highly direct correlation between the concentrations of intracellular astaxanthin and the levels of emitting fluorescence was constructed by testing a variety of astaxanthin-contained populations via FCM and cell sorting. Third, iterative cell sorting efficiently improves the identification of astaxanthin-overproducing strains. Finally, two mutants producing 4.96 mg astaxanthin g-1 DCW (dry cell weight) and 5.30 mg astaxanthin g-1 DCW were obtained, which were 25.3% and 33.8% higher than that of the original strain, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that iterative ARTP mutagenesis along with cell sorting by FCM is effective for identifying astaxanthin-overproduction strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Carbon One Biorefining Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Carbon One Biorefining Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hang Su
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Carbon One Biorefining Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Carbon One Biorefining Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Carbon One Biorefining Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shi'an Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Carbon One Biorefining Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266100, China
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Macdonald Miller S, Abbriano RM, Herdean A, Banati R, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Random mutagenesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum using ultraviolet, chemical, and X-radiation demonstrates the need for temporal analysis of phenotype stability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22385. [PMID: 38104215 PMCID: PMC10725415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated two non-ionising mutagens in the form of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ethyl methanosulfonate (EMS) and an ionising mutagen (X-ray) as methods to increase fucoxanthin content in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We implemented an ultra-high throughput method using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and live culture spectral deconvolution for isolation and screening of potential pigment mutants, and assessed phenotype stability by measuring pigment content over 6 months using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the viability of long-term mutants. Both UV and EMS resulted in significantly higher fucoxanthin within the 6 month period after treatment, likely as a result of phenotype instability. A maximum fucoxanthin content of 135 ± 10% wild-type found in the EMS strain, a 35% increase. We found mutants generated using all methods underwent reversion to the wild-type phenotype within a 6 month time period. X-ray treatments produced a consistently unstable phenotype even at the maximum treatment of 1000 Grays, while a UV mutant and an EMS mutant reverted to wild-type after 4 months and 6 months, respectively, despite showing previously higher fucoxanthin than wild-type. This work provides new insights into key areas of microalgal biotechnology, by (i) demonstrating the use of an ionising mutagen (X-ray) on a biotechnologically relevant microalga, and by (ii) introducing temporal analysis of mutants which has substantial implications for strain creation and utility for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Macdonald Miller
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Richard Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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McQuillan JL, Cutolo EA, Evans C, Pandhal J. Proteomic characterization of a lutein-hyperaccumulating Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant reveals photoprotection-related factors as targets for increasing cellular carotenoid content. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 37925447 PMCID: PMC10625216 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are emerging hosts for the sustainable production of lutein, a high-value carotenoid; however, to be commercially competitive with existing systems, their capacity for lutein sequestration must be augmented. Previous attempts to boost microalgal lutein production have focussed on upregulating carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, in part due to a lack of metabolic engineering targets for expanding lutein storage. RESULTS Here, we isolated a lutein hyper-producing mutant of the model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and characterized the metabolic mechanisms driving its enhanced lutein accumulation using label-free quantitative proteomics. Norflurazon- and high light-resistant C. reinhardtii mutants were screened to yield four mutant lines that produced significantly more lutein per cell compared to the CC-125 parental strain. Mutant 5 (Mut-5) exhibited a 5.4-fold increase in lutein content per cell, which to our knowledge is the highest fold increase of lutein in C. reinhardtii resulting from mutagenesis or metabolic engineering so far. Comparative proteomics of Mut-5 against its parental strain CC-125 revealed an increased abundance of light-harvesting complex-like proteins involved in photoprotection, among differences in pigment biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and translation. Further characterization of Mut-5 under varying light conditions revealed constitutive overexpression of the photoprotective proteins light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (LHCSR1) and LHCSR3 and PSII subunit S regardless of light intensity, and increased accrual of total chlorophyll and carotenoids as light intensity increased. Although the photosynthetic efficiency of Mut-5 was comparatively lower than CC-125, the amplitude of non-photochemical quenching responses of Mut-5 was 4.5-fold higher than in CC-125 at low irradiance. CONCLUSIONS We used C. reinhardtii as a model green alga and identified light-harvesting complex-like proteins (among others) as potential metabolic engineering targets to enhance lutein accumulation in microalgae. These have the added value of imparting resistance to high light, although partially compromising photosynthetic efficiency. Further genetic characterization and engineering of Mut-5 could lead to the discovery of unknown players in photoprotective mechanisms and the development of a potent microalgal lutein production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L McQuillan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Caroline Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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Trovão M, Schüler LM, Machado A, Bombo G, Navalho S, Barros A, Pereira H, Silva J, Freitas F, Varela J. Random Mutagenesis as a Promising Tool for Microalgal Strain Improvement towards Industrial Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:440. [PMID: 35877733 PMCID: PMC9318807 DOI: 10.3390/md20070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have become a promising novel and sustainable feedstock for meeting the rising demand for food and feed. However, microalgae-based products are currently hindered by high production costs. One major reason for this is that commonly cultivated wildtype strains do not possess the robustness and productivity required for successful industrial production. Several strain improvement technologies have been developed towards creating more stress tolerant and productive strains. While classical methods of forward genetics have been extensively used to determine gene function of randomly generated mutants, reverse genetics has been explored to generate specific mutations and target phenotypes. Site-directed mutagenesis can be accomplished by employing different gene editing tools, which enable the generation of tailor-made genotypes. Nevertheless, strategies promoting the selection of randomly generated mutants avoid the introduction of foreign genetic material. In this paper, we review different microalgal strain improvement approaches and their applications, with a primary focus on random mutagenesis. Current challenges hampering strain improvement, selection, and commercialization will be discussed. The combination of these approaches with high-throughput technologies, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as tools to select the most promising mutants, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Trovão
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lisa M. Schüler
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Adriana Machado
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Gabriel Bombo
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Sofia Navalho
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Ana Barros
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Hugo Pereira
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Joana Silva
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (M.T.); (A.M.); (A.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.M.S.); (G.B.); (S.N.); (H.P.)
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Chen J, Huang Y, Shu Y, Hu X, Wu D, Jiang H, Wang K, Liu W, Fu W. Recent Progress on Systems and Synthetic Biology of Diatoms for Improving Algal Productivity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:908804. [PMID: 35646842 PMCID: PMC9136054 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.908804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have drawn much attention for their potential applications as a sustainable source for developing bioactive compounds, functional foods, feeds, and biofuels. Diatoms, as one major group of microalgae with high yields and strong adaptability to the environment, have shown advantages in developing photosynthetic cell factories to produce value-added compounds, including heterologous bioactive products. However, the commercialization of diatoms has encountered several obstacles that limit the potential mass production, such as the limitation of algal productivity and low photosynthetic efficiency. In recent years, systems and synthetic biology have dramatically improved the efficiency of diatom cell factories. In this review, we discussed first the genome sequencing and genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of diatoms. Then, approaches to optimizing photosynthetic efficiency are introduced with a focus on the enhancement of biomass productivity in diatoms. We also reviewed genome engineering technologies, including CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene-editing to produce bioactive compounds in diatoms. Finally, we summarized the recent progress on the diatom cell factory for producing heterologous compounds through genome engineering to introduce foreign genes into host diatoms. This review also pinpointed the bottlenecks in algal engineering development and provided critical insights into the future direction of algal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Chen
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuexuan Shu
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- Department of Marine Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Systems Biology and Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- *Correspondence: Weiqi Fu,
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Comparative Study Highlights the Potential of Spectral Deconvolution for Fucoxanthin Screening in Live Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cultures. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010019. [PMID: 35049875 PMCID: PMC8780081 DOI: 10.3390/md20010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology shows considerable promise as a sustainable contributor to a broad range of industrial avenues. The field is however limited by processing methods that have commonly hindered the progress of high throughput screening, and consequently development of improved microalgal strains. We tested various microplate reader and flow cytometer methods for monitoring the commercially relevant pigment fucoxanthin in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Based on accuracy and flexibility, we chose one described previously to adapt to live culture samples using a microplate reader and achieved a high correlation to HPLC (R2 = 0.849), effectively removing the need for solvent extraction. This was achieved by using new absorbance spectra inputs, reducing the detectable pigment library and changing pathlength values for the spectral deconvolution method in microplate reader format. Adaptation to 384-well microplates and removal of the need to equalize cultures by density further increased the screening rate. This work is of primary interest to projects requiring detection of biological pigments, and could theoretically be extended to other organisms and pigments of interest, improving the viability of microalgae biotechnology as a contributor to sustainable industry.
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A review on the progress, challenges and prospects in commercializing microalgal fucoxanthin. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107865. [PMID: 34763051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, the most abundant but nearly untapped carotenoid resource, is in the spotlight in the last decade from various perspectives due to a wide range of bioactivities and healthy benefits. The exploitation of fucoxanthin for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes encompasses enormous scientific and economic potentials. Traditional production of fucoxanthin from brown algae (macroalgae) is constrained by limited yield and prohibitively high cost. Microalgae, as the most diverse photoautotrophs, hold the promises as sustainable sources and ideal cell factories for commercial fucoxanthin production, owing to their rich fucoxanthin content and excellent biomass productivity. In this work, the recent progress in upstream (microalgae selection, optimization of culture conditions, trophic modes, cultivation strategies and biosynthesis pathway) as well as downstream processes (extraction) of fucoxanthin production has been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The major bottlenecks, such as screening of fucoxanthin-producers, conflict between biomass and fucoxanthin accumulation under high light condition, unclear steps in biosynthesis pathway and limited evaluation of outdoor scale-up cultivation and extraction, have been pinpointed. Most importantly, the applications of emerging and conventional techniques facilitating commercialization of microalgal fucoxanthin are highlighted. The reviewed and evaluated include breeding and high-throughput screening methods of elite strains; flashing light effect inducing concurrent biomass and fucoxanthin accumulation; fucoxanthin biosynthesis and the regulatory mechanisms associating with its accumulation elucidated with the development of genetic engineering and omics techniques; and photobioreactors, harvesting and extraction techniques suitable for scaling up fucoxanthin production. In conclusion, the prospects of microalgal fucoxanthin commercialization can be expected with the joint development of fundamental phycology and biotechnology.
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