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Rana P, Pathania D, Gaur P, Patel SK, Bajpai M, Singh NT, Pandey R, Shukla SV, Pant AB, Ray RS, Dwivedi A. Regulatory frameworks for fragrance safety in cosmetics: a global overview. Toxicol Res 2025; 41:199-220. [PMID: 40291114 PMCID: PMC12021755 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-025-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 12/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Fragrances play a crucial role in cosmetic products, influencing consumer preferences and enriching sensory experiences. However, making sure these products are safe, especially concerning natural and synthetic fragrances, requires robust regulatory frameworks. This review offers a global perspective on the regulatory systems governing the safety of fragrances. It begins by examining the fundamental differences between natural and synthetic fragrances, highlighting their origins and unique safety considerations. Natural fragrances, sourced from botanicals like essential oils, have a long history of human exposure. Synthetic fragrances, on the other hand, are artificially manufactured compounds that often lack sufficient safety data, thereby requiring strict regulation. Various countries have developed safety guidelines to address concerns such as skin sensitization, allergies, and health risks associated with fragrance use. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of these global regulatory frameworks, emphasizing both commonalities and disparities in safety standards for natural and synthetic fragrances. It also discusses ongoing efforts to harmonize regulations and improve fragrance safety in cosmetics. By offering this in-depth overview of regulatory approaches, the article serves as a valuable resource for cosmetics industry professionals. It provides insights into the evolving landscape of cosmetics regulations worldwide, aiding stakeholders in navigating the complexities of natural and synthetic fragrance safety and ultimately safeguarding consumer well-being. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rana
- Photobiology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Diksha Pathania
- Photobiology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Prakriti Gaur
- Photobiology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sunil Kumar Patel
- Photobiology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Medha Bajpai
- Photobiology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Neera Tewari Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Fragrance & Flavour Development Centre (FFDC), G.T Road, Makarand Nagar, Kannauj-209726, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shakti Vinay Shukla
- Fragrance & Flavour Development Centre (FFDC), G.T Road, Makarand Nagar, Kannauj-209726, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Aditya Bhushan Pant
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
- Food Drug & Chemical Environment and Systems Toxicology (FEST), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow-2260011, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ratan Singh Ray
- Photobiology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Photobiology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Kakleas K, Sinha S, Wilson D, Stiefel G. Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora): An Alternative and Effective Treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:1018-1020. [PMID: 37695447 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kakleas
- Paediatric Allergy Clinic, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Shilpee Sinha
- Paediatric Allergy Clinic, Leicester Royal Infirmary Hospital, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Deborah Wilson
- Paediatric Allergy Clinic, Leicester Royal Infirmary Hospital, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Gary Stiefel
- Paediatric Allergy Clinic, Leicester Royal Infirmary Hospital, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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