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Kyrkou C, Fotakis C, Dimitropoulou A, Tsakoumaki F, Zoumpoulakis P, Menexes G, Biliaderis CG, Athanasiadis AP, Michaelidou AM. Maternal Dietary Protein Patterns and Neonatal Anthropometrics: A Prospective Study with Insights from NMR Metabolomics in Amniotic Fluid. Metabolites 2023; 13:977. [PMID: 37755257 PMCID: PMC10535439 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize dietary protein patterns (DPPs) in a sample pool of 298 well-nourished pregnant women and explore potential associations between DPPs and neonatal anthropometrics. Maternal dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Neonatal anthropometrics were abstracted from health booklets. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified three DPPs: "Dairy-focused", "Med-fusion", and "Traditional-inspired". The "Dairy-focused" DPP exhibited the highest protein intake (p < 0.001), predominantly animal protein (p < 0.001), while the "Traditional-inspired" DPP presented higher plant protein (p < 0.001) and fiber intakes (p < 0.001), and, therefore, a reduced carbohydrate-to-fiber quotient (p < 0.001). The "Med-fusion" DPP had the lowest protein-to-fat ratio (p < 0.001). Infants of women following the "Dairy-focused" DPP had the highest birth height centiles (p = 0.007) and the lowest ponderal index (p = 0.003). The NMR-metabolomics approach was implemented on a subset of women that provided amniotic fluid (AF) specimens (n = 62) to elucidate distinct metabolic signatures associated with DPPs. PCA and OPLS-DA models verified the adherence to three DPPs, revealing that the levels of several amino acids (AAs) were the highest in "Dairy-focused", reflecting its protein-rich nature. The "Traditional-inspired" DPP showed decreased AAs and glucose levels. This knowledge may contribute to optimizing maternal dietary recommendations. Further research is needed to validate these findings and better understand the relationships between maternal diet, AF metabolic signature, and neonatal anthropometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Kyrkou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Charalambos Fotakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (C.F.); (P.Z.)
| | - Aristea Dimitropoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Foteini Tsakoumaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (C.F.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 122 43 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Georgios Menexes
- Department of Field Crops and Ecology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Costas G. Biliaderis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Apostolos P. Athanasiadis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Alexandra-Maria Michaelidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.); (A.D.); (F.T.); (C.G.B.)
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Anelli GM, Parisi F, Sarno L, Fornaciari O, Carlea A, Coco C, Porta MD, Mollo N, Villa PM, Guida M, Cazzola R, Troiano E, Pasotti M, Volpi G, Vetrani L, Maione M, Cetin I. Associations between Maternal Dietary Patterns, Biomarkers and Delivery Outcomes in Healthy Singleton Pregnancies: Multicenter Italian GIFt Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173631. [PMID: 36079896 PMCID: PMC9460547 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal nutrition represents a critical risk factor for adverse health outcomes in both mother and offspring. We aimed to investigate associations between maternal nutritional habits, biomarker status, and pregnancy outcome among Italian healthy normal-weight pregnancies. Methods: Multicenter prospective cohort study recruiting Italian healthy normal-weight women with singleton spontaneous pregnancies at 20 ± 2 weeks (T1) in Milan and Naples. All patients underwent nutritional evaluations by our collecting a 7-day weighed dietary record at 25 ± 1 weeks (T2) and a Food Frequency Questionnaire at 29 ± 2 weeks (T3). Maternal venous blood samples were collected at T3 to assess nutritional, inflammatory and oxidative biomarker concentrations (RBCs folate, vitamin D, hepcidin, total antioxidant capacity). Pregnancy outcomes were collected at delivery (T4). General linear models adjusted for confounding factors were estimated to investigate associations between maternal dietary pattern adherence, nutrient intakes, biomarker concentrations and delivery outcomes. Results: 219 healthy normal-weight pregnant women were enrolled. Vitamin D and RBCs folate concentrations, as well as micronutrient intakes, were consistently below the recommended range. In a multi-adjusted model, maternal adherence to the most prevalent ‘high meat, animal fats, grains’ dietary pattern was positively associated with hepcidin concentrations and negatively associated with gestational age at delivery in pregnancies carrying female fetuses. Hepcidin plasma levels were further negatively associated to placental weight, whereas vitamin D concentrations were positively associated to neonatal weight. Conclusions: A high adherence to an unbalanced ‘high meat, animal fats, grains’ pattern was detected among Italian normal-weight low-risk pregnancies, further associated with maternal pro-inflammatory status and gestational age at delivery. This evidence underlines the need for a dedicated nutritional counseling even among low-risk pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Maria Anelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospitals, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0263635355
| | - Laura Sarno
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ottavia Fornaciari
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Annunziata Carlea
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Coco
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maria Villa
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospitals, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Ersilia Troiano
- Nutrition and Dietetics Technical Scientific Association (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Pasotti
- Nutrition and Dietetics Technical Scientific Association (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Graziella Volpi
- Nutrition and Dietetics Technical Scientific Association (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Vetrani
- Nutrition and Dietetics Technical Scientific Association (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Maione
- Nutrition and Dietetics Technical Scientific Association (ASAND), 95128 Catania, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child, Luigi Sacco and Vittore Buzzi Children Hospitals, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
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