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Liu S, Hu J, Zhong Y, Hu X, Yin J, Xiong T, Nie S, Xie M. A review: Effects of microbial fermentation on the structure and bioactivity of polysaccharides in plant-based foods. Food Chem 2024; 440:137453. [PMID: 38154284 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Fermented plant-based foods that catering to consumers' diverse dietary preferences play an important role in promoting human health. Recent exploration of their nutritional value has sparked increasing interest in the structural and bioactive changes of polysaccharides during fermentation, the essential components of plant-based foods which have been extensively studied for their structures and functional properties. Based on the latest key findings, this review summarized the dominant fermented plant-based foods in the market, the involved microbes and plant polysaccharides, and the corresponding modification in polysaccharides structure. Further microbial utilization of these polysaccharides, influencing factors, and the potential contributions of altered structure to the functions of polysaccharides were collectively illustrated. Moreover, future research trend was proposed, focusing on the directional modification of polysaccharides and exploration of the mechanisms underlying structural changes and enhanced biological activity during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Wang J, Ma Y, Tang L, Li D, Xie J, Sun Y, Tian Y. Long-Term Exposure to Low Concentrations of Ambient Benzene and Mortality in a National English Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:987-994. [PMID: 38128545 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1440oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Benzene affects human health through environmental exposure in addition to occupational contact. However, few studies have examined the associations between long-term exposure to low concentrations of ambient benzene and mortality risks in nonoccupational settings.Methods: This prospective cohort study consists of 393,042 participants without stroke, myocardial infarction, or cancer at baseline from the UK Biobank. Annual average concentrations of benzene for each year during follow-up were measured using air dispersion models. The main outcomes were all-cause mortality and mortality from specific causes. Cox proportional-hazards models with time-varying exposure measurements were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks. Restricted cubic spline models were used to estimate exposure-response relationships.Measurements and Main Results: With each interquartile range increase in the average annual concentration of benzene, the adjusted hazard ratios of mortality risk from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.24-1.27), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.21-1.28), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.25-1.29), and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.20-1.30), respectively. The monotonically increasing exposure-response curves showed no threshold and plateau within the observed concentration range. Furthermore, the effect of benzene exposure on mortality persisted across different subgroups and was somewhat stronger in younger and White people (P for interaction < 0.05).Conclusions: Long-term exposure to low concentrations of ambient benzene significantly increases mortality risk in the general population. Ambient benzene represents a potential threat to public health, and further investigations are needed to support timely pollution regulation and health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Yudiyang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Linxi Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Dankang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Junqing Xie
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Santos MVC, Feltrin AS, Costa-Amaral IC, Teixeira LR, Perini JA, Martins DC, Larentis AL. Network Analysis of Biomarkers Associated with Occupational Exposure to Benzene and Malathion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119415. [PMID: 37298367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases are associated with the effects of multiple genes, proteins, and biological pathways. In this context, the tools of Network Medicine are compatible as a platform to systematically explore not only the molecular complexity of a specific disease but may also lead to the identification of disease modules and pathways. Such an approach enables us to gain a better understanding of how environmental chemical exposures affect the function of human cells, providing better perceptions about the mechanisms involved and helping to monitor/prevent exposure and disease to chemicals such as benzene and malathion. We selected differentially expressed genes for exposure to benzene and malathion. The construction of interaction networks was carried out using GeneMANIA and STRING. Topological properties were calculated using MCODE, BiNGO, and CentiScaPe, and a Benzene network composed of 114 genes and 2415 interactions was obtained. After topological analysis, five networks were identified. In these subnets, the most interconnected nodes were identified as: IL-8, KLF6, KLF4, JUN, SERTAD1, and MT1H. In the Malathion network, composed of 67 proteins and 134 interactions, HRAS and STAT3 were the most interconnected nodes. Path analysis, combined with various types of high-throughput data, reflects biological processes more clearly and comprehensively than analyses involving the evaluation of individual genes. We emphasize the central roles played by several important hub genes obtained by exposure to benzene and malathion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius C Santos
- Studies Center of Worker's Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur S Feltrin
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabele C Costa-Amaral
- Studies Center of Worker's Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liliane R Teixeira
- Studies Center of Worker's Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jamila A Perini
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (West Zone-UERJ-ZO), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil
| | - David C Martins
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane L Larentis
- Studies Center of Worker's Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
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Nolasco DM, Mendes MPR, Marciano LPDA, Costa LF, Macedo AND, Sakakibara IM, Silvério ACP, Paiva MJN, André LC. An Exploratory Study of the Metabolite Profiling from Pesticides Exposed Workers. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050596. [PMID: 37233637 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides constitute a category of chemical products intended specifically for the control and mitigation of pests. With their constant increase in use, the risk to human health and the environment has increased proportionally due to occupational and environmental exposure to these compounds. The use of these chemicals is associated with several toxic effects related to acute and chronic toxicity, such as infertility, hormonal disorders and cancer. The present work aimed to study the metabolic profile of individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides, using a metabolomics tool to identify potential new biomarkers. Metabolomics analysis was carried out on plasma and urine samples from individuals exposed and non-exposed occupationally, using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) or partial least squares discriminant orthogonal analysis (OPLS-DA), demonstrated good separation of the samples and identified 21 discriminating metabolites in plasma and 17 in urine. The analysis of the ROC curve indicated the compounds with the greatest potential for biomarkers. Comprehensive analysis of the metabolic pathways influenced by exposure to pesticides revealed alterations, mainly in lipid and amino acid metabolism. This study indicates that the use of metabolomics provides important information about complex biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Magalhães Nolasco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele P R Mendes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo de Aguiar Marciano
- Toxicants and Drugs Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Costa
- Toxicants and Drugs Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Nori De Macedo
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Isarita Martins Sakakibara
- Toxicants and Drugs Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José N Paiva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leiliane C André
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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