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Wang C, Zhang N, Liu C, Ma B, Zhang K, Li R, Wang Q, Zhang S. New Advances in Antenna Design toward Wearable Devices Based on Nanomaterials. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38248412 PMCID: PMC10813296 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable antennas have recently garnered significant attention due to their attractive properties and potential for creating lightweight, compact, low-cost, and multifunctional wireless communication systems. With the breakthrough progress in nanomaterial research, the use of lightweight materials has paved the way for the widespread application of wearable antennas. Compared with traditional metallic materials like copper, aluminum, and nickel, nanoscale entities including zero-dimensional (0-D) nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1-D) nanofibers or nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2-D) nanosheets exhibit superior physical, electrochemical, and performance characteristics. These properties significantly enhance the potential for constructing durable electronic composites. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits compact size and high deformation stability, accompanied by greater portability and wear resistance, owing to the high surface-to-volume ratio and flexibility of nanomaterials. This paper systematically discusses the latest advancements in wearable antennas based on 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D nanomaterials, providing a comprehensive overview of their development and future prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunge Wang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science, Yanshan University, Ministry of Education of China, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Bangbang Ma
- Ningbo L.K. Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Keke Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science, Yanshan University, Ministry of Education of China, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Rongzhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Sheng Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
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Pokorný M, Kubíčková J, Klemeš J, Medek T, Brýdl A, Pachovská M, Hanová T, Chmelař J, Velebný V. Enhancing Dental Applications: A Novel Approach for Incorporating Bioactive Substances into Textile Threads. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2487. [PMID: 37896247 PMCID: PMC10609678 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the realm of surgical and dental applications, hyaluronic acid (HA) braided threads show significant therapeutic potential due to their incorporation of pharmaceutical active ingredients. This study primarily focuses on resolving the crucial challenge of devising a deposition method that can ensure both precision and uniformity in the content of the active ingredient Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) within each segment of the threads. Our objective in this study was to develop a continuous deposition method for OCT onto a braided thread composed of 24 hyaluronic acid-based fibers, aiming for a specific OCT content of 0.125 µg/mm, while maintaining a maximum allowable deviation of ±15% in OCT content. The motivation behind designing this novel method stemmed from the necessity of employing a volatile solvent for the active agent. Conventional wetting methods proved unsuitable due to fluctuations in the solution's concentration during deposition, and alternative methods known to us demanded intricate technical implementations. The newly introduced method offers distinct advantages, including its online processing speed, scalability potential, and cost-efficiency of the active agent solution. Additionally, it minimizes the impact on the natural polymer thread, preserving energy by obviating the need for complete thread saturation. Our research and precise apparatus development resulted in achieving the desired thread properties, with an OCT content of (1.51 ± 0.09) µg per 12 mm thread piece. These findings not only validate the suitability of this innovative method for depositing active agents but also extend its potential applicability beyond dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pokorný
- R&D Department, Contipro a.s., 56102 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (M.P.); (T.H.); (J.C.); (V.V.)
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Al-Sehemi A, Al-Ghamdi A, Dishovsky N, Atanasov N, Atanasova G. A Flexible Miniature Antenna for Body-Worn Devices: Design and Transmission Performance. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:514. [PMID: 36984921 PMCID: PMC10059130 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The last few years have seen a rapid increase in body-worn devices because these devices cover a broad spectrum of potential uses. Moreover, body-worn devices still require improvements in their flexibility, size, and weight that necessitate the development of flexible and miniature antennas. In this paper, we present a new flexible miniature antenna for body-worn devices. To ensure flexibility and comfort when the antenna is in contact with the human body, a substrate from natural rubber filled with TiO2 is developed. The miniaturization is achieved using the quadratic Koch curve. The antenna design, optimization, and characterization are performed on a human body model. The performance of the antenna is analyzed in two scenarios: (1) in- to on-body, and (2) on- to off-body wireless communications. The results show that the antenna realized the maximum telemetry range of more than 80 mm for in-body communications and more than 2 m for off-body communications. Moreover, the highest 10 g specific absorption rate value was 0.62 W/kg. These results, in addition to the antenna's compact dimensions (12 mm × 26 mm × 2.5 mm) and the low manufacturing price, make the proposed antenna an ideal candidate for health telemetry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikolay Dishovsky
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Atanasov
- Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South-West University ‘Neofit Rilski’, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriela Atanasova
- Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South-West University ‘Neofit Rilski’, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
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Ju B, Kim I, Li BM, Knowles CG, Mills A, Grace L, Jur JS. Inkjet Printed Textile Force Sensitive Resistors for Wearable and Healthcare Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100893. [PMID: 34212513 PMCID: PMC8542615 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pressure sensors for wearable healthcare devices, particularly force sensitive resistors (FSRs) are widely used to monitor physiological signals and human motions. However, current FSRs are not suitable for integration into wearable platforms. This work presents a novel technique for developing textile FSRs (TFSRs) using a combination of inkjet printing of metal-organic decomposition silver inks and heat pressing for facile integration into textiles. The insulating void by a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane between the top and bottom textile electrodes creates an architectured piezoresistive structure. The structure functions as a simple logic switch where under a threshold pressure the electrodes make contact to create conductive paths (on-state) and without pressure return to the prior insulated condition (off-state). The TFSR can be controlled by arranging the number of layers and hole diameters of the TPU spacer to specify a wide range of activation pressures from 4.9 kPa to 7.1 MPa. For a use-case scenario in wearable healthcare technologies, the TFSR connected with a readout circuit and a mobile app shows highly stable signal acquisition from finger movement. According to the on/off state of the TFSR with LED bulbs by different weights, it can be utilized as a textile switch showing tactile feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjun Ju
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Inhwan Kim
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Braden M Li
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Caitlin G Knowles
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Amanda Mills
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Landon Grace
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jesse S Jur
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Kim I, Ju B, Zhou Y, Li BM, Jur JS. Microstructures in All-Inkjet-Printed Textile Capacitors with Bilayer Interfaces of Polymer Dielectrics and Metal-Organic Decomposition Silver Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24081-24094. [PMID: 33988966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft printed electronics exhibit unique structures and flexibilities suited for a plethora of wearable applications. However, forming scalable, reliable multilayered electronic devices with heterogeneous material interfaces on soft substrates, especially on porous and anisotropic structures, is highly challenging. In this study, we demonstrate an all-inkjet-printed textile capacitor using a multilayered structure of bilayer polymer dielectrics and particle-free metal-organic decomposition (MOD) silver electrodes. Understanding the inherent porous/anisotropic microstructure of textiles and their surface energy relationship was an important process step for successful planarization. The MOD silver ink formed a foundational conductive layer through the uniform encapsulation of individual fibers without blocking fiber interstices. Urethane-acrylate and poly(4-vinylphenol)-based bilayers were able to form a planarized dielectric layer on polyethylene terephthalate textiles. A unique chemical interaction at the interfaces of bilayer dielectrics performed a significant role in insulating porous textile substrates resulting in high chemical and mechanical durability. In this work, we demonstrate how textiles' unique microstructures and bilayer dielectric layer designs benefit reliability and scalability in the inkjet process as well as the use in wearable electronics with electromechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhwan Kim
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Beomjun Ju
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Ying Zhou
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Braden M Li
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jesse S Jur
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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