1
|
Julius LAN, Akgül D, Krishnan G, Falk F, Korvink J, Badilita V. Portable dielectrophoresis for biology: ADEPT facilitates cell trapping, separation, and interactions. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38434587 PMCID: PMC10907756 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is a powerful and well-established technique that allows label-free, non-invasive manipulation of cells and particles by leveraging their electrical properties. The practical implementation of the associated electronics and user interface in a biology laboratory, however, requires an engineering background, thus hindering the broader adoption of the technique. In order to address these challenges and to bridge the gap between biologists and the engineering skills required for the implementation of DEP platforms, we report here a custom-built, compact, universal electronic platform termed ADEPT (adaptable dielectrophoresis embedded platform tool) for use with a simple microfluidic chip containing six microelectrodes. The versatility of the open-source platform is ensured by a custom-developed graphical user interface that permits simple reconfiguration of the control signals to address a wide-range of specific applications: (i) precision positioning of the single bacterium/cell/particle in the micrometer range; (ii) viability-based separation by achieving a 94% efficiency in separating live and dead yeast; (iii) phenotype-based separation by achieving a 96% efficiency in separating yeast and Bacillus subtilis; (iv) cell-cell interactions by steering a phagocytosis process where a granulocyte engulfs E. coli RGB-S bacterium. Together, the set of experiments and the platform form a complete basis for a wide range of possible applications addressing various biological questions exploiting the plug-and-play design and the intuitive GUI of ADEPT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Albina Nirupa Julius
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Dora Akgül
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Gowri Krishnan
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Fabian Falk
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Jan Korvink
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| | - Vlad Badilita
- Department, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Yue Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Li K, Zeng W, Wang S, Meng Y. Label free and high-throughput discrimination of cells at a bipolar electrode array using the AC electrodynamics. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341701. [PMID: 37709447 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell characterization and manipulation play an important role in biological and medical applications. Cell viability evaluation is of significant importance for cell toxicology assay, dose test of anticancer drugs, and other biochemical stimulations. The electrical properties of cells change when cells transform from healthy to a pathological state. Current methods for evaluating cell viability usually requires a complicated chip and the throughput is limited. RESULTS In this paper, a bipolar electrode (BPE) array based microfluidic device for assessing cell viability is exploited using AC electrodynamics. The viability of various cells including yeast cells and K562 cells, can be evaluated by analyzing the electro-rotation (ROT) speed and direction of cells, as well as the dielectrophoresis (DEP) responses of cells. Firstly, the cell viability can be identified by the position of the cell captured on the BPE electrode in terms of DEP force. Besides, cell viability can also be evaluated based on both the cell rotation speed and direction using ROT. Under the action of travelling wave dielectric electrophoresis force, the cell viability can also be distinguished by the rotational motion of cells on bipolar electrode edges. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates the utility of BPEs to enable scalable and high-throughput AC electrodynamics platforms by imparting a flexibility in chip design that is unparalleled by using traditional electrodes. By using BPEs, our proposed new technique owns wide application for cell characterization and viability assessment in situ detection and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518000, PR China; Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, 215400, PR China.
| | - Yuanbo Yue
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Kemu Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Yingqi Meng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rozaini AZA, Abdulhameed A, Deivasigamani R, Nadzreen N, Zin NM, Kayani AA, Buyong MR. Dielectrophoresis microbial characterization and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus based on optimum crossover frequency. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1220-1233. [PMID: 37259263 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a significant concern that persists for the rapid classification and analysis of the bacteria. A technology that utilizes the manipulation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is key to solving the significant threat of these pathogenic bacteria by rapid characterization profile. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) can differentiate between antibiotic-resistant and susceptible bacteria based on their physical structure and polarization properties. In this work, the DEP response of two Gram-positive bacteria, namely, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), was investigated and simulated. The DEP characterization was experimentally observed on the bacteria influenced by oxacillin and vancomycin antibiotics. MSSA control without antibiotics has crossover frequencies (f x 0 ${f_{x0}}$ ) from 6 to 8 MHz, whereas MRSA control is from 2 to 3 MHz. Thef x 0 ${f_{x0}}$ changed when bacteria were exposed to the antibiotic. As for MSSA, thef x 0 ${f_{x0}}$ decreased to 3.35 MHz compared tof x 0 ${f_{x0}}$ MSSA control without antibiotics, MRSA,f x 0 ${f_{x0}}$ increased to 7 MHz when compared to MRSA control. The changes in the DEP response of MSSA and MRSA with and without antibiotics were theoretically proven using MyDEP and COMSOL simulation and experimentally based on the modification to the bacteria cell walls. Thus, the DEP response can be employed as a label-free detectable method to sense and differentiate between resistant and susceptible strains with different antibiotic profiles. The developed method can be implemented on a single platform to analyze and identify bacteria for rapid, scalable, and accurate characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Zulkarnain Ahmad Rozaini
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Abdulhameed
- Center for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhuda Nadzreen
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martinez-Duarte R. Editorial for the Special Issue on Micromachines for Dielectrophoresis, Volume II. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:769. [PMID: 37421002 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) remains an effective technique for the label-free identification and manipulation of targeted particles ranging from sizes from nano to micrometers and from inert particles to biomolecules and cells [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharbati P, Sadaghiani AK, Koşar A. New Generation Dielectrophoretic-Based Microfluidic Device for Multi-Type Cell Separation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040418. [PMID: 37185493 PMCID: PMC10135750 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a new generation of dielectrophoretic-based microfluidic device for the precise separation of multiple particle/cell types. The device features two sets of 3D electrodes, namely cylindrical and sidewall electrodes. The main channel of the device terminates with three outlets: one in the middle for particles that sense negative dielectrophoresis force and two others at the right and left sides for particles that sense positive dielectrophoresis force. To evaluate the device performance, we used red blood cells (RBCs), T-cells, U937-MC cells, and Clostridium difficile bacteria as our test subjects. Our results demonstrate that the proposed microfluidic device could accurately separate bioparticles in two steps, with sidewall electrodes of 200 µm proving optimal for efficient separation. Applying different voltages for each separation step, we found that the device performed most effectively at 6 Vp-p applied to the 3D electrodes, and at 20 Vp-p and 11 Vp-p applied to the sidewall electrodes for separating RBCs from bacteria and T-cells from U937-MC cells, respectively. Notably, the device's maximum electric fields remained below the cell electroporation threshold, and we achieved a separation efficiency of 95.5% for multi-type particle separation. Our findings proved the device's capacity for separating multiple particle types with high accuracy, without limitation for particle variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Sharbati
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Applications Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Abdolali K Sadaghiani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Applications Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Applications Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deivasigamani R, Mohd Maidin NN, Abdul Nasir NS, Abdulhameed A, Ahmad Kayani AB, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR. A correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis-based biomedical applications. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:573-620. [PMID: 36604943 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) bioparticle research has progressed from micro to nano levels. It has proven to be a promising and powerful cell manipulation method with an accurate, quick, inexpensive, and label-free technique for therapeutic purposes. DEP, an electrokinetic phenomenon, induces particle movement as a result of polarization effects in a nonuniform electrical field. This review focuses on current research in the biomedical field that demonstrates a practical approach to DEP in terms of cell separation, trapping, discrimination, and enrichment under the influence of the conductive medium in correlation with bioparticle viability. The current review aims to provide readers with an in-depth knowledge of the fundamental theory and principles of the DEP technique, which is influenced by conductive medium and to identify and demonstrate the biomedical application areas. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents obstacles and opportunities, followed by bioparticle viability in an electric field elaborated in detail. Finally, the drawbacks of DEP-based systems and the outlook for the future are addressed. This article will aid in advancing technology by bridging the gap between bioscience and engineering. We hope the insights presented in this review will improve cell suspension medium and promote DEP-viable bioparticle manipulation for health-care diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sateesh J, Guha K, Dutta A, Sengupta P, Yalamanchili D, Donepudi NS, Surya Manoj M, Sohail SS. A comprehensive review on advancements in tissue engineering and microfluidics toward kidney-on-chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:041501. [PMID: 35992641 PMCID: PMC9385224 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed literature survey on microfluidics and its road map toward kidney-on-chip technology. The whole review has been tailored with a clear description of crucial milestones in regenerative medicine, such as bioengineering, tissue engineering, microfluidics, microfluidic applications in biomedical engineering, capabilities of microfluidics in biomimetics, organ-on-chip, kidney-on-chip for disease modeling, drug toxicity, and implantable devices. This paper also presents future scope for research in the bio-microfluidics domain and biomimetics domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koushik Guha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Arindam Dutta
- Urologist, RG Stone Urology and Laparoscopic Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Nanda Sai Donepudi
- Medical Interns, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
| | - M. Surya Manoj
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Sk. Shahrukh Sohail
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ji M, Liu Y, Duan J, Zang W, Wang Y, Qu Z, Zhang B. A Novel Perturbed Spiral Sheathless Chip for Particle Separation Based on Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves (TSAW). BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050325. [PMID: 35624627 PMCID: PMC9138558 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of the new perturbed spiral channel and a slanted gold interfingered transducer (IDT) is designed to achieve precise dynamic separation of target particles (20 μm). The offset micropillar array solves the defect that the high-width flow (avoiding the occurrence of channel blockage) channel cannot realize the focusing of small particles (5 μm, 10 μm). The relationship between the maximum design gap of the micropillar (Smax) and the particle radius (a) is given: Smax = 4a, which not only ensures that small particles will not pass through the micropillar gap, but also is compatible with the appropriate flow rates. A non-offset micropillar array was used to remove 20 μm particles in the corner area. The innovation of a spiral channel structure greatly improves the separation efficiency and purity of the separation chip. The separation chip designed by us achieves deflection separation of 20 μm particles at 24.95-41.58 MHz (κ = 1.09-1.81), at a flow rate of 1.2 mL per hour. When f = 33.7 MHz (κ = 1.47), the transverse migration distance of 20 μm particles is the smallest, and the separation purity and efficiency are as high as 92% and 100%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yukai Liu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
| | - Junping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Wenxuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Binzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Hybrid Microfluidic Electronic Sensing Platform for Life Science Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030425. [PMID: 35334717 PMCID: PMC8950014 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel hybrid microfluidic electronic sensing platform, featuring an electronic sensor incorporated with a microfluidic structure for life science applications. This sensor with a large sensing area of 0.7 mm2 is implemented through a foundry process called Open-Gate Junction FET (OG-JFET). The proposed OG-JFET sensor with a back gate enables the charge by directly introducing the biological and chemical samples on the top of the device. This paper puts forward the design and implementation of a PDMS microfluidic structure integrated with an OG-JFET chip to direct the samples toward the sensing site. At the same time, the sensor’s gain is controlled with a back gate electrical voltage. Herein, we demonstrate and discuss the functionality and applicability of the proposed sensing platform using a chemical solution with different pH values. Additionally, we introduce a mathematical model to describe the charge sensitivity of the OG-JFET sensor. Based on the results, the maximum value of transconductance gain of the sensor is ~1 mA/V at Vgs = 0, which is decreased to ~0.42 mA/V at Vgs = 1, all in Vds = 5. Furthermore, the variation of the back-gate voltage from 1.0 V to 0.0 V increases the sensitivity from ~40 mV/pH to ~55 mV/pH. As per the experimental and simulation results and discussions in this paper, the proposed hybrid microfluidic OG-JFET sensor is a reliable and high-precision measurement platform for various life science and industrial applications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Vaghef-Koodehi A, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Microscale electrokinetic-based analysis of intact cells and viruses. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:263-287. [PMID: 34796523 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized electrokinetic methods have proven to be robust platforms for the analysis and assessment of intact microorganisms, offering short response times and higher integration than their bench-scale counterparts. The present review article discusses three types of electrokinetic-based methodologies: electromigration or motion-based techniques, electrode-based electrokinetics, and insulator-based electrokinetics. The fundamentals of each type of methodology are discussed and relevant examples from recent reports are examined, to provide the reader with an overview of the state-of-the-art on the latest advancements on the analysis of intact cells and viruses with microscale electrokinetic techniques. The concluding remarks discuss the potential applications and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Vaghef-Koodehi
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Modeling Brownian Microparticle Trajectories in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices with Time Varying Dielectrophoretic or Optical Forces. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101265. [PMID: 34683316 PMCID: PMC8539052 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices capable of manipulating micro/nano-sized samples have spurred advances in biotechnology and chemistry. Designing and analyzing new and more advanced LOCs require accurate modeling and simulation of sample/particle dynamics inside such devices. In this work, we present a generalized computational physics model to simulate particle/sample trajectories under the influence of dielectrophoretic or optical forces inside LOC devices. The model takes into account time varying applied forces, Brownian motion, fluid flow, collision mechanics, and hindered diffusion caused by hydrodynamic interactions. We develop a numerical solver incorporating the aforementioned physics and use it to simulate two example cases: first, an optical trapping experiment, and second, a dielectrophoretic cell sorter device. In both cases, the numerical results are found to be consistent with experimental observations, thus proving the generality of the model. The numerical solver can simulate time evolution of the positions and velocities of an arbitrarily large number of particles simultaneously. This allows us to characterize and optimize a wide range of LOCs. The developed numerical solver is made freely available through a GitHub repository so that researchers can use it to develop and simulate new designs.
Collapse
|