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Akbari MJ, Bijarchi MA, Shafii MB. Experimental investigation on the bouncing dynamics of a liquid marble during the impact on a hydrophilic surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:637-652. [PMID: 38367581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles are droplets coated by hydrophobic particles. At low Weber numbers (We), when impacting a hydrophilic surface, the marble may bounce on the substrate repeatedly without any rupturing until the quiescence condition is achieved. The marble bouncing has gained far less attention, although its rich underlying physics is due to the interaction between liquid core, hydrophobic grain, and surrounding air. Accordingly, this research experimentally scrutinizes the marble impact and subsequent bouncing on a hydrophilic surface for the first time. Additionally, the conversion of kinetic, gravitational potential, inertial, and surface energies occurring regularly during the impact is exhaustively surveyed. Moreover, the effect of Weber and gravitational Bond numbers (Bo) on the bouncing time, maximum spreading time, maximum spreading ratio, maximum elongation ratio, and maximum restitution are investigated, which characterize the marble impact and bouncing dynamics. This study is one of the limited investigations exploring the effects of the gravitational Bond number on the results. Dimensionless correlations are proposed for the mentioned parameters based on the experimental data. Furthermore, utilizing the simplifying theoretical presumptions, correlations are suggested based on the scale analysis for the spreading time and maximum spreading ratio. The results imply that the mentioned parameters behave differently at low and moderate Weber numbers, though the distinction is more pronounced in the case of the bouncing time, maximum spreading time and maximum spreading ratio. Although increasing with the Weber number when WeWecr. In addition, the maximum elongation ratio linearly grows with the Weber number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Akbari
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Bijarchi
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behshad Shafii
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Sharif Energy, Water and Environment Institute (SEWEI), Tehran, Iran.
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Dayyani H, Mohseni A, Bijarchi MA. Dynamic behavior of floating magnetic liquid marbles under steady and pulse-width-modulated magnetic fields. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2005-2016. [PMID: 38390638 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles show promising potential for digital microfluidic devices due to their lower friction with the platform surface than non-covered droplets. In this study, the manipulation of a biocompatible magnetic liquid marble with a magnetic shell (LMMS) is experimentally studied. The movement of the floating LMMS on the water surface, which is actuated by DC and pulse width modulation (PWM) magnetic fields, is investigated under the influence of various parameters, including the LMMS volume, the initial distance of the LMMS from the magnetic coil tip, the magnetic coil current, the PWM frequency and its duty cycle. The LMMS has a shorter travel time to the magnetic coil tip under a DC magnetic field by increasing the magnetic coil current, decreasing the initial distance and its volume. In the PWM mode, these parameters show similar behavior; moreover, increasing the PWM duty cycle and decreasing the PWM frequency shorten the travel time. It is demonstrated that actuation by a PWM magnetic field with step-by-step movement provides better control over manipulation of the floating magnetic marble. The dynamic behavior of an LMMS is compared to a ferrofluid marble (FM), which is formed using a ferrofluid instead of water as its core. It is observed that the LMMS has a lower velocity than the FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dayyani
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mohseni
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Ali Bijarchi
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Bielas R, Kubiak T, Molcan M, Dobosz B, Rajnak M, Józefczak A. Biocompatible Hydrogel-Based Liquid Marbles with Magnetosomes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:99. [PMID: 38203953 PMCID: PMC10779466 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles are widely known for their potential biomedical applications, especially due to their versatility and ease of preparation. In the present work, we prepared liquid marbles with various cores composed of water, agar-based hydrogels, magnetic fluids, or non-aqueous substances. As a coating material, we used biocompatible particles of plant origin, such as turmeric grains and Lycopodium pollen. Additionally, we provided marbles with magnetic properties by incorporating either magnetosomes or iron oxide nanoparticles as a powder or by injecting another magnetic fluid. Structures obtained in this way were stable and susceptible to manipulation by an external magnetic field. The properties of the magnetic components of our marbles were verified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Our approach to encapsulation of active substances such as antibiotics within a protective hydrogel core opens up new perspectives for the delivery of hydrophobic payloads to the inherently hydrophilic biological environment. Additionally, hydrogel marbles enriched with magnetic materials showed promise as biocompatible heating agents under alternating magnetic fields. A significant innovation of our research was also the fabrication of composite structures in which the gel-like core was surrounded without mixing by a magnetic fluid covered on the outside by the particle shell. Our liquid marbles, especially those with a hydrogel core and magnetic content, due to the ease of preparation and favorable properties, have great potential for biomedical use. The fact that we were able to simultaneously produce, functionalize (by filling with predefined cargo), and manipulate (by means of an external magnetic field) several marbles also seems to be important from an application point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Bielas
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kubiak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Matus Molcan
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Bernadeta Dobosz
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michal Rajnak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Arkadiusz Józefczak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
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Song Z, Lin ES, Uddin MH, Abid HA, Ong JW, Ng TW. Graphene Oxide Paper Manipulation of Micro-Reactor Drops. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1306. [PMID: 37512618 PMCID: PMC10384384 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics, which relies on the movement of drops, is relatively immune to clogging problems, making it suited for micro-reactor applications. Here, graphene oxide paper of 100 μm thickness, fabricated by blade coating sedimented dispersions onto roughened substrates, followed by drying and mechanical exfoliation, was found to be relatively free of cracks and curling. It also exhibited high wettability and elasto-capillary characteristics. Possessing low enough stiffness, it could rapidly and totally self-wrap water drops of 20 μL volume placed 2 mm from its edge when oriented between 0 and 60° to the horizontal. This complete wrapping behavior allowed drops to be translated via movement of the paper over long distances without dislodgement notwithstanding accelerations and decelerations. An amount of 2 drops that were wrapped with separate papers, when collided with each other at speeds up to 0.64 m/s, were found to eschew coalescence. This portends the development of robust digital microfluidic approaches for micro-reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Song
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Eric Shen Lin
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Md Hemayet Uddin
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Rd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hassan Ali Abid
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jian Wern Ong
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tuck Wah Ng
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Mohammadrashidi M, Bijarchi MA, Shafii MB, Taghipoor M. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2246-2259. [PMID: 36722776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment, reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics. This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles (FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward, the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume, coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence, FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion. In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width, launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbod Mohammadrashidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ali Bijarchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behshad Shafii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghipoor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran1458889694, Iran
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