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Wissner JL, Parada-Fabián JC, Márquez-Velázquez NA, Escobedo-Hinojosa W, Gaudêncio SP, Prieto-Davó A. Diversity and Bioprospection of Gram-positive Bacteria Derived from a Mayan Sinkhole. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:77. [PMID: 38806738 PMCID: PMC11133088 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Water-filled sinkholes known locally as cenotes, found on the Yucatán Peninsula, have remarkable biodiversity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive cultivable bacteria obtained from sediment samples collected at the coastal cenote Pol-Ac in Yucatán, Mexico. Specifically, the investigation aimed to assess production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 49 Gram-positive bacterial isolates belonging to the phyla Bacillota (n = 29) and Actinomycetota (n = 20) divided into the common genera Bacillus and Streptomyces, as well as the genera Virgibacillus, Halobacillus, Metabacillus, Solibacillus, Neobacillus, Rossellomorea, Nocardiopsis and Corynebacterium. With growth at 55ºC, 21 of the 49 strains were classified as moderately thermotolerant. All strains were classified as halotolerant and 24 were dependent on marine water for growth. Screening for six extracellular hydrolytic enzymes revealed gelatinase, amylase, lipase, cellulase, protease and chitinase activities in 93.9%, 67.3%, 63.3%, 59.2%, 59.2% and 38.8%, of isolated strains, respectively. The genes for polyketide synthases type I, were detected in 24 of the strains. Of 18 strains that achieved > 25% inhibition of growth in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, 4 also inhibited growth in Escherichia coli ATCC 35,218. Isolates Streptomyces sp. NCA_378 and Bacillus sp. NCA_374 demonstrated 50-75% growth inhibition against at least one of the two pathogens tested, along with significant enzymatic activity across all six extracellular enzymes. This is the first comprehensive report on the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from sediments in the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian L Wissner
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, México
| | - José Carlos Parada-Fabián
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, México
| | - Norma Angélica Márquez-Velázquez
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, México
| | - Wendy Escobedo-Hinojosa
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, México
| | - Susana P Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 2819-516, Portugal
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Sciences Departments, NOVA Faculty of Sciences and Technology, UCIBIO, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 2819-516, Portugal
| | - Alejandra Prieto-Davó
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, México.
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Andreu C, Del Olmo ML. Biotechnological applications of biofilms formed by osmotolerant and halotolerant yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12589-y. [PMID: 37233754 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many microorganisms are capable of developing biofilms under adverse conditions usually related to nutrient limitation. They are complex structures in which cells (in many cases of different species) are embedded in the material that they secrete, the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The ECM has several functions including adhesion, cellular communication, nutrient distribution, and increased community resistance, this being the main drawback when these microorganisms are pathogenic. However, these structures have also proven useful in many biotechnological applications. Until now, the most interest shown in these regards has focused on bacterial biofilms, and the literature describing yeast biofilms is scarce, except for pathological strains. Oceans and other saline reservoirs are full of microorganisms adapted to extreme conditions, and the discovery and knowledge of their properties can be very interesting to explore new uses. Halotolerant and osmotolerant biofilm-forming yeasts have been employed for many years in the food and wine industry, with very few applications in other areas. The experience gained in bioremediation, food production and biocatalysis with bacterial biofilms can be inspiring to find new uses for halotolerant yeast biofilms. In this review, we focus on the biofilms formed by halotolerant and osmotolerant yeasts such as those belonging to Candida, Saccharomyces flor yeasts, Schwannyomyces or Debaryomyces, and their actual or potential biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • Biofilm formation by halotolerant and osmotolerant yeasts is reviewed. • Yeasts biofilms have been widely used in food and wine production. • The use of bacterial biofilms in bioremediation can be expanded to halotolerant yeast counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Andreu
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés S/N, 46100, València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marcel Lí Del Olmo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, València, Burjassot, Spain.
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Rubio-Ribeaux D, da Costa RAM, Montero-Rodríguez D, do Amaral Marques NSA, Puerta-Díaz M, de Souza Mendonça R, Franco PM, Dos Santos JC, da Silva SS. Sustainable production of bioemulsifiers, a critical overview from microorganisms to promising applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:195. [PMID: 37171665 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial bioemulsifiers are molecules of amphiphilic nature and high molecular weight that are efficient in emulsifying two immiscible phases such as water and oil. These molecules are less effective in reducing surface tension and are synthesized by bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Unlike synthetic emulsifiers, microbial bioemulsifiers have unique advantages such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, efficiency at low concentrations and high selectivity under different conditions of pH, temperature and salinity. The adoption of microbial bioemulsifiers as alternatives to their synthetic counterparts has been growing in ongoing research. This article analyzes the production of microbial-based emulsifiers, the raw materials and fermentation processes used, as well as the scale-up and commercial applications of some of these biomolecules. The current trend of incorporating natural compounds into industrial formulations indicates that the search for new bioemulsifiers will continue to increase, with emphasis on performance improvement and economically viable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylin Rubio-Ribeaux
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil.
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil.
| | - Rogger Alessandro Mata da Costa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Dayana Montero-Rodríguez
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Sá Alencar do Amaral Marques
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Mirelys Puerta-Díaz
- Pernambuco Institute of Agronomy, Recife, Pernambuco, 50761-000, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Souza Mendonça
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcelino Franco
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
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Guillén-Navarro K, López-Gutiérrez T, García-Fajardo V, Gómez-Cornelio S, Zarza E, De la Rosa-García S, Chan-Bacab M. Broad-Spectrum Antifungal, Biosurfactants and Bioemulsifier Activity of Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii-A Potential Biocontrol and Bioremediation Agent in Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1374. [PMID: 36987062 PMCID: PMC10056679 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antifungal, biosurfactant and bioemulsifying activity of the lipopeptides produced by the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii MC6B-22 is presented. The kinetics showed that at 84 h, the highest yield of lipopeptides (556 mg/mL) with antifungal, biosurfactant, bioemulsifying and hemolytic activity was detected, finding a relationship with the sporulation of the bacteria. Based on the hemolytic activity, bio-guided purification methods were used to obtain the lipopeptide. By TLC, HPLC and MALDI-TOF, the mycosubtilin was identified as the main lipopeptide, and it was further confirmed by NRPS gene clusters prediction based on the strain's genome sequence, in addition to other genes related to antimicrobial activity. The lipopeptide showed a broad-spectrum activity against ten phytopathogens of tropical crops at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 400 to 25 μg/mL and with a fungicidal mode of action. In addition, it exhibited that biosurfactant and bioemulsifying activities remain stable over a wide range of salinity and pH and it can emulsify different hydrophobic substrates. These results demonstrate the potential of the MC6B-22 strain as a biocontrol agent for agriculture and its application in bioremediation and other biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Guillén-Navarro
- Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.G.-N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Tomás López-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, Campeche 24030, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Verónica García-Fajardo
- Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.G.-N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Sergio Gómez-Cornelio
- Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Centro, Carretera Federal Villahermosa-Teapa km 22.5, Villahermosa 86290, Tabasco, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología-CICTAT, División Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carr. Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez km 1, Cunduacán 86690, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Zarza
- Grupo Académico de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico; (K.G.-N.); (E.Z.)
- Investigadora CONACyT—El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03940, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana De la Rosa-García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas km 0.5, Villahermosa 86000, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Manuel Chan-Bacab
- Departamento de Microbiología Ambiental y Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col. Buenavista, Campeche 24030, Campeche, Mexico
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Biosurfactant Production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C11 and Streptomyces lavendulae C27 Isolated from a Biopurification System for Environmental Applications. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101892. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactant-producing bacteria can be found in contaminated environments such as biopurification systems (BPS) for pesticide treatments. A total of 18 isolates were screened to determine their ability to produce extracellular biosurfactants, using olive oil as the main carbon source. Out of the eighteen isolates, two strains (C11 and C27) were selected for biosurfactant production. The emulsification activities of the C11 and C27 strains using sunflower oil was 58.4 and 53.7%, respectively, and 46.6 and 48.0% using olive oil. Using molecular techniques and MALDI-TOF, the strains were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (C11) and Streptomyces lavendulae (C27). The submerged cultivation of the two selected strains was carried out in a 1 L stirred-tank bioreactor. The maximum biosurfactant production, indicated by the lowest surface tension measurement, was similar (46 and 45 mN/m) for both strains, independent of the fact that the biomass of the B. amyloliquefaciens C11 strain was 50% lower than the biomass of the S. lavendulae C27 strain. The partially purified biosurfactants produced by B. amyloliquefaciens C11 and S. lavendulae C27 were characterized as a lipopeptide and a glycolipid, respectively. These outcomes highlight the potential of the selected biosurfactant-producing microorganisms for improving pesticides’ bioavailability and therefore the degradational efficacy of BPS.
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