Diversity and Taxonomy of Soil Bacterial Communities in Urban and Rural Mangrove Forests of the Panama Bay

Effect of Intertidal Vegetation (Suaeda salsa) Restoration on Microbial Diversity in the Offshore Areas of the Yellow River Delta

The coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta play a vital role in the ecological function of the area. However, the impact of primary restoration on microbial communities is not yet fully understood. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the bacterial and archaeal communities in the soil. The results indicated that Marinobacter and Halomonas were predominant in the bacterial community during spring and winter. On the other hand, Muribaculaceae and Helicobacter were prevalent during the core remediation of soil, while Inhella and Halanaerobium were predominant in non-vegetation-covered high-salinity soil. The bacterial Shannon index showed significant differences in vegetation-covered areas. For archaea, Salinigranum, Halorubrum, and Halogranum were dominant in vegetation areas, while Halolamina, Halogranum, and Halorubrum were prevalent in non-vegetation areas. The colonization of Suaeda salsa led to differences in the composition of bacteria (22.6%) and archaea (29.5%), and salt was one of the significant reasons for this difference. The microflora was more diverse, and the elements circulated after vegetation grounding, while the microbial composition in non-vegetation areas was similar, but there was potential competition. Therefore, vegetation restoration can effectively restore soil ecological function, while the microorganisms in the soil before restoration provide germplasm resources for pollutant degradation and antimicrobial development.

Effects of Degradation on Microbial Communities of an Amazonian Mangrove

Mangroves provide a unique ecological environment for complex microbial communities, which play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, such as those for carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. Microbial diversity analyses of these ecosystems help us understand the changes caused by external influences. Amazonian mangroves occupy an area of 9000 km², corresponding to 70% of the mangroves in Brazil, on which studies of microbial biodiversity are extremely scarce. The present study aimed to determine changes in microbial community structure along the PA-458 highway, which fragmented a mangrove zone. Mangrove samples were collected from three zones, (i) degraded, (ii) in the process of recovery, and (iii) preserved. Total DNA was extracted and submitted for 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing on an MiSeq platform. Subsequently, reads were processed for quality control and biodiversity analyses. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in all three mangrove locations, but in significantly different proportions. We observed a considerable reduction in diversity in the degraded zone. Important genera involved in sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen metabolism were absent or dramatically reduced in this zone. Our results show that human impact in the mangrove areas, caused by the construction of the PA-458 highway, has resulted in a loss of biodiversity.