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Getting Value from Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes: On the Way to Sustainability and Circular Economy. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is recognized as a well-established sector, which throughout its process, generates a vast amount of waste streams with the capacity to be valorized. Typically, these residues are burned for energy purposes, but their use as substrates for biological processes could be a more efficient and sustainable alternative. With this aim, it is essential to identify and characterize each type of waste to determine its biotechnological potential. In this context, this research highlights possible alternatives with lower environmental impact and higher revenues. The bio-based pathway should be a promising alternative for the valorization of pulp and paper industry wastes, in particular for bioproduct production such as bioethanol, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and biogas. This article focuses on state of the art regarding the identification and characterization of these wastes, their main applied deconstruction technologies and the valorization pathways reported for the production of the abovementioned bioproducts.
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2
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Enzymatic Conversion of Different Qualities of Refined Softwood Hemicellulose Recovered from Spent Sulfite Liquor. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103207. [PMID: 35630684 PMCID: PMC9143570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spent sulfite liquor (SSL) from softwood processing is rich in hemicellulose (acetyl galactoglucomannan, AcGGM), lignin, and lignin-derived compounds. We investigated the effect of sequential AcGGM purification on the enzymatic bioconversion of AcGGM. SSL was processed through three consecutive purification steps (membrane filtration, precipitation, and adsorption) to obtain AcGGM with increasing purity. Significant reduction (~99%) in lignin content and modest loss (~18%) of polysaccharides was observed during purification from the least pure preparation (UFR), obtained by membrane filtration, compared to the purest preparation (AD), obtained by adsorption. AcGGM (~14.5 kDa) was the major polysaccharide in the preparations; its enzymatic hydrolysis was assessed by reducing sugar and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography analysis. The hydrolysis of the UFR preparation with Viscozyme L or Trichoderma reesei β-mannanase TrMan5A (1 mg/mL) resulted in less than ~50% bioconversion of AcGGM. The AcGGM in the AD preparation was hydrolyzed to a higher degree (~67% with TrMan5A and 80% with Viscozyme L) and showed the highest conversion rate. This indicates that SSL contains enzyme-inhibitory compounds (e.g., lignin and lignin-derived compounds such as lignosulfonates) which were successfully removed.
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He F, Ou Y, Liu J, Huang Q, Tang B, Xin F, Zhang J, Jiang M, Chen S, Yu Z. 3D Printed Biocatalytic Living Materials with Dual-Network Reinforced Bioinks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104820. [PMID: 34854551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The field of living materials seeks to harness living cells as microfactories that can construct a material itself or enhance the performance of material in some manner. While recent advances in 3D printing allow microbe manipulation to create bespoke living materials, the effective coupling of these living components in reinforced bioink designs remains a major challenge due to the difficulty in building a robust and cell-friendly microenvironment. Here, a type of dual-network bioink is reported for the 3D printing of living materials with enhanced biocatalysis capabilities, where bioinks are readily printable and provide a biocompatible environment along with desirable mechanical performance. It is demonstrated that integrating microbes into these bioinks enables the direct printing of catalytically living materials with high cell viability and maintains metabolic activity, which those living materials can be preserved and reused. Further, a bacteria-algae coculture system is fabricated for the bioremediation of chemicals, giving rise to its potential field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukun He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Bao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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Lipnizki F, Rudolph G, Thuvander J, Al‐Rudainy B, Vives MB. Application Potential of Membrane Processes in the Concept of Lignocellulose Biorefineries. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lipnizki
- Universität Lund Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Naturvetarvägen 14 22100 Lund Schweden
| | - Gregor Rudolph
- Universität Lund Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Naturvetarvägen 14 22100 Lund Schweden
| | - Johan Thuvander
- Universität Lund Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie Naturvetarvägen 12 22100 Lund Schweden
| | - Basel Al‐Rudainy
- Universität Lund Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Naturvetarvägen 14 22100 Lund Schweden
| | - Mariona Battestini Vives
- Universität Lund Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Naturvetarvägen 14 22100 Lund Schweden
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Zhao X, Chen L, Ren Q, Wu Z, Fang S, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Zhong Y, Wang D, Wu J, Zhang G. Potential Applications in Sewage Bioremediation of the Highly Efficient Pyridine-Transforming Paenochrobactrum sp. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wu YW, Yang SH, Hwangbo M, Chu KH. Analysis of Zobellella denitrificans ZD1 draft genome: Genes and gene clusters responsible for high polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from glycerol under saline conditions and its CRISPR-Cas system. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222143. [PMID: 31513626 PMCID: PMC6742469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is biodegradable and renewable and thus considered as a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastics. However, PHB production is costly due to expensive carbon sources for culturing PHB-accumulating microorganisms under sterile conditions. We discovered a hyper PHB-accumulating denitrifying bacterium, Zobellella denitrificans ZD1 (referred as strain ZD1 hereafter) capable of using non-sterile crude glycerol (a waste from biodiesel production) and nitrate to produce high PHB yield under saline conditions. Nevertheless, the underlying genetic mechanisms of PHB production in strain ZD1 have not been elucidated. In this study, we discovered a complete pathway of glycerol conversion to PHB, a novel PHB synthesis gene cluster, a salt-tolerant gene cluster, denitrifying genes, and an assimilatory nitrate reduction gene cluster in the ZD1 genome. Interestingly, the novel PHB synthesis gene cluster was found to be conserved among marine Gammaproteobacteria. Higher levels of PHB accumulation were linked to higher expression levels of the PHB synthesis gene cluster in ZD1 grown with glycerol and nitrate under saline conditions. Additionally, a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas type-I-E antiviral system was found in the ZD1 genome along with a long spacer list, in which most of the spacers belong to either double-stranded DNA viruses or unknown phages. The results of the genome analysis revealed strain ZD1 used the novel PHB gene cluster to produce PHB from non-sterile crude glycerol under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Myung Hwangbo
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Al-Rudainy B, Galbe M, Lipnizki F, Wallberg O. Galactoglucomannan Recovery with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Membranes: Process Performance and Cost Estimations. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9080099. [PMID: 31405130 PMCID: PMC6723451 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the GR51PP (hydrophobic/polysulfone) membrane with a series of hydrophilic (regenerated cellulose) membranes with the aim of increasing the retention of products and decreasing membrane fouling. The raw material used was a sodium-based spent sulfite liquor from the sulfite pulping process of spruce and pine. The results show that the hydrophilic membranes were superior to the hydrophobic membranes in terms of higher fluxes (up to twice the magnitude), higher product retentions and less fouling (up to five times lower fouling). The fouling was probably caused by pore blocking as observed in earlier studies. However, the hydrophilic membranes had a lower affinity for lignin, which was indicated by the lower retention and fouling. This also resulted in a separation degree, which was higher compared with the hydrophobic membrane, thus yielding a higher galactoglucomannan (GGM) purity. 2D HSQC NMR results show that no major structural differences were present in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic retentates. A techno-economical evaluation resulted in the RC70PP being chosen as the most cost-efficient membrane in terms of flux and product recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Al-Rudainy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Galbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Lipnizki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Switching from petro-plastics to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): the biotechnological escape route of choice out of the plastic predicament? EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The benefit of biodegradable “green plastics” over established synthetic plastics from petro-chemistry, namely their complete degradation and safe disposal, makes them attractive for use in various fields, including agriculture, food packaging, and the biomedical and pharmaceutical sector. In this context, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are auspicious biodegradable plastic-like polyesters that are considered to exert less environmental burden if compared to polymers derived from fossil resources.
The question of environmental and economic superiority of bio-plastics has inspired innumerable scientists during the last decades. As a matter of fact, bio-plastics like PHA have inherent economic drawbacks compared to plastics from fossil resources; they typically have higher raw material costs, and the processes are of lower productivity and are often still in the infancy of their technical development. This explains that it is no trivial task to get down the advantage of fossil-based competitors on the plastic market. Therefore, the market success of biopolymers like PHA requires R&D progress at all stages of the production chain in order to compensate for this disadvantage, especially as long as fossil resources are still available at an ecologically unjustifiable price as it does today.
Ecological performance is, although a logical argument for biopolymers in general, not sufficient to make industry and the society switch from established plastics to bio-alternatives. On the one hand, the review highlights that there’s indeed an urgent necessity to switch to such alternatives; on the other hand, it demonstrates the individual stages of the production chain, which need to be addressed to make PHA competitive in economic, environmental, ethical, and performance-related terms. In addition, it is demonstrated how new, smart PHA-based materials can be designed, which meet the customer’s expectations when applied, e.g., in the biomedical or food packaging sector.
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Model-based Analysis and Optimisation of a Continuous Corynebacterium glutamicum Bioprocess Utilizing Lignocellulosic Waste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ladakis D, Michailidi K, Vlysidis A, Koutinas A, Kookos IK. Valorization of spent sulphite liquor for succinic acid production via continuous fermentation system. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Presentato A, Cappelletti M, Sansone A, Ferreri C, Piacenza E, Demeter MA, Crognale S, Petruccioli M, Milazzo G, Fedi S, Steinbüchel A, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Aerobic Growth of Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 Using Selected Naphthenic Acids as the Sole Carbon and Energy Sources. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:672. [PMID: 29706937 PMCID: PMC5906575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are an important group of toxic organic compounds naturally occurring in hydrocarbon deposits. This work shows that Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 cells not only utilize a mixture of eight different NAs (8XNAs) for growth but they are also capable of marked degradation of two model NAs, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHCA) and cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (CPCA) when supplied at concentrations from 50 to 500 mgL-1. The growth curves of BCP1 on 8XNAs, CHCA, and CPCA showed an initial lag phase not present in growth on glucose, which presumably was related to the toxic effects of NAs on the cell membrane permeability. BCP1 cell adaptation responses that allowed survival on NAs included changes in cell morphology, production of intracellular bodies and changes in fatty acid composition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of BCP1 cells grown on CHCA or CPCA showed a slight reduction in the cell size, the production of EPS-like material and intracellular electron-transparent and electron-dense inclusion bodies. The electron-transparent inclusions increased in the amount and size in NA-grown BCP1 cells under nitrogen limiting conditions and contained storage lipids as suggested by cell staining with the lipophilic Nile Blue A dye. Lipidomic analyses revealed significant changes with increases of methyl-branched (MBFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) examining the fatty acid composition of NAs-growing BCP1 cells. PUFA biosynthesis is not usual in bacteria and, together with MBFA, can influence structural and functional processes with resulting effects on cell vitality. Finally, through the use of RT (Reverse Transcription)-qPCR, a gene cluster (chcpca) was found to be transcriptionally induced during the growth on CHCA and CPCA. Based on the expression and bioinformatics results, the predicted products of the chcpca gene cluster are proposed to be involved in aerobic NA degradation in R. aetherivorans BCP1. This study provides first insights into the genetic and metabolic mechanisms allowing a Rhodococcus strain to aerobically degrade NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sansone
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marc A. Demeter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Silvia Crognale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Petruccioli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fedi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Han X, Liu G, Song W, Qin Y, Qu Y. Continuous feeding of spent ammonium sulphite liquor improves the production and saccharification performance of cellulase by Penicillium oxalicum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:984-992. [PMID: 28946207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spent ammonium sulphite liquor (SASL) is the main effluent from the ammonium sulphite pulping process, and contains amounts of lignocellulosic oligomers, monosaccharides and ammonium salts. The effect of continuous SASL-feeding on cellulase production by Penicillium oxalicum was studied. With a rate-varying feeding strategy, the maximal filter paper enzyme (FPase) activity reached 17.66U/mL at 144h, and the specific FPase activity increased from 1.74U/mg (without SASL) to 2.40U/mg. Accordingly, the glucan hydrolysis conversion of delignified corn cob residue by the enzymes from continuous SASL-feeding fermentation was significantly higher than that without SASL at equal protein loadings. Comparative proteomic analysis demonstrated that the proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation were specifically up-regulated in the crude cellulase with SASL-feeding. The obtained crude enzyme was efficient in the hydrolysis of pulping products, with a glucan conversion of 81.87% achieved after 72h saccharification of ammonium sulphite pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Al-Rudainy B, Galbe M, Wallberg O. Influence of prefiltration on membrane performance during isolation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes from spent sulfite liquor. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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