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Hudz N, Kobylinska L, Pokajewicz K, Horčinová Sedláčková V, Fedin R, Voloshyn M, Myskiv I, Brindza J, Wieczorek PP, Lipok J. Mentha piperita: Essential Oil and Extracts, Their Biological Activities, and Perspectives on the Development of New Medicinal and Cosmetic Products. Molecules 2023; 28:7444. [PMID: 37959863 PMCID: PMC10649426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to analyze Mentha piperita L. as a potential raw material for the development of new health-promoting products (nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products). A lot of scientific publications were retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases which enable the study and generalization of the extraction procedures, key biologically active compounds of essential oil and extracts, biological properties, and therapeutic potential of M. piperita, along with perspectives on the development of its dosage forms, including combinations of synthetic active substances and herbal preparations of M. piperita. The results of this review indicate that M. piperita is a source rich in phytoconstituents of different chemical nature and can be regarded as a source of active substances to enhance health and to develop medicinal products for complementary therapy of various conditions, especially those related with oxidant stress, inflammation, and moderate infections. Essential oil has a broad spectrum of activities. Depending on the test and concentration, this essential oil has both anti- and prooxidant properties. Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to the essential oil of M. piperita than Gram-negative ones. This review also considered some facets of the standardization of essential oil and extracts of M. piperita. Among the identified phenolics of extracts were caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, eriocitrin, luteolin derivates (luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoronide), and hesperidin. The concentration of these phenolics depends on the solvent used. This review also considered the relationships between the chemical component and biological activity. The results showed that the essential oil and extracts reduced inflammation in vitro by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and in vivo by reducing the paw edema induced using carrageenan injection in rats. Therefore, herbal preparations of M. piperita are promising medicinal and cosmetic preparations for their usage in skincare and oral cavity care products with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. This plant can also be regarded as a platform for the development of antibacterial preparations and combined anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective medicinal products (synthetic active substances plus herbal preparations). This review could be considered for the justification of the composition of some medicinal products during their pharmaceutical development for writing a registration dossier in the format of Common Technical Document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Hudz
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland;
- Department of Drug Technology and Biopharmacy, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Lesya Kobylinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Katarzyna Pokajewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (K.P.); (P.P.W.)
| | - Vladimira Horčinová Sedláčková
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (V.H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Roman Fedin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biology, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies of Lviv, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Mariia Voloshyn
- Department of Foreign Languages, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine; (M.V.); (I.M.)
| | - Iryna Myskiv
- Department of Foreign Languages, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine; (M.V.); (I.M.)
| | - Ján Brindza
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (V.H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Piotr Paweł Wieczorek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (K.P.); (P.P.W.)
| | - Jacek Lipok
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland;
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Neagu R, Popovici V, Ionescu LE, Ordeanu V, Popescu DM, Ozon EA, Gîrd CE. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1191. [PMID: 37508287 PMCID: PMC10376212 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported-concerning their chemical composition and bioactivities-due to numerous companies involved in EOs production and the continuous development of online sales. The present study investigates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two to four samples of five commercially available essential oils (Oregano, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Clove, and Peppermint oils) produced by autochthonous companies. The manufacturers provided all EOs' chemical compositions determined through GC-MS. The EOs' bioactivities were investigated in vitro against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects (ABE% and, respectively, ABfE%) were evaluated spectrophotometrically at 562 and 570 nm using microplate cultivation techniques. The essential oils' calculated parameters were compared with those of three standard broad-spectrum antibiotics: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Gentamycin, and Streptomycin. The results showed that at the first dilution (D1 = 25 mg/mL), all EOs exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, and MIC value > 25 mg/mL. Generally, both effects progressively decreased from D1 to D3. Only EOs with a considerable content of highly active metabolites revealed insignificant differences. E. coli showed the lowest susceptibility to all commercially available essential oils-15 EO samples had undetected antibacterial and antibiofilm effects at D2 and D3. Peppermint and Clove oils recorded the most significant differences regarding chemical composition and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities. All registered differences could be due to different places for harvesting the raw plant material, various technological processes through which these essential oils were obtained, the preservation conditions, and complex interactions between constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan Neagu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, "Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Popovici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania
| | - Lucia Elena Ionescu
- Experimental Microbiology Laboratory, "Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Ordeanu
- Experimental Microbiology Laboratory, "Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Mihaela Popescu
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, "Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emma Adriana Ozon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhao W, Yang C, Zhang N, Peng Y, Ma Y, Gu K, Liu X, Liu X, Liu X, Liu Y, Li S, Zhao L. Menthone Exerts its Antimicrobial Activity Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Affecting Cell Membrane Properties and Lipid Profile. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:219-236. [PMID: 36721663 PMCID: PMC9884481 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s384716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The characteristic constituents of essential oils from aromatic plants have been widely applied as antimicrobial agents in the last decades. However, their mechanisms of action remain obscure, especially from the metabolic perspective. The aim of the study was to explore the antimicrobial effect and mechanism of menthone, a main component of peppermint oil, against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods An integrated approach including the microbiology and the high-coverage lipidomics was applied. The changes of membrane properties were studies by the fluorescence and electron microscopical observations. The lipid profile was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple Exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS). The lipid-related key targets which were associated with the inhibitory effect of menthone against MRSA, were studied by network analysis and molecular docking. Results Menthone exhibited antibacterial activities against MRSA, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 3,540 and 7,080 μg/mL, respectively. The membrane potential and membrane integrity upon menthone treatment were observed to change strikingly. Further, lipids fingerprinting identified 136 significantly differential lipid species in MRSA cells exposed to menthone at subinhibitory level of 0.1× MIC. These metabolites span 30 important lipid classes belonging to glycerophospholipids, glycolipids, and sphingolipids. Lastly, the correlations of these altered lipids, as well as the potential metabolic pathways and targets associated with menthone treatment were deciphered preliminarily. Conclusion Menthone had potent antibacterial effect on MRSA, and the mechanism of action involved the alteration of membrane structural components and corresponding properties. The interactions of identified key lipid species and their biological functions need to be further determined and verified, for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China,Department of Orthopedics, Zhangye Second People’s Hospital, Zhangye, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keru Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songkai Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China,Songkai Li, Department of Spinal Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Linjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Linjing Zhao, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Panda SK, Buroni S, Swain SS, Bonacorsi A, da Fonseca Amorim EA, Kulshrestha M, da Silva LCN, Tiwari V. Recent advances to combat ESKAPE pathogens with special reference to essential oils. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1029098. [PMID: 36560948 PMCID: PMC9763703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacteria, especially ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), are a serious challenge worldwide. Due to the lack of discovery of novel antibiotics, in the past two decades, it has become necessary to search for new antibiotics or to study synergy with the existing antibiotics so as to counter life-threatening infections. Nature-derived compounds/based products are more efficient than the chemically synthesized ones with less resistance and lower side effects. In this descriptive review, we discuss the most promising therapeutics for the treatment of ESKAPE-related biofilms. The first aspect includes different types of natural agents [botanical drugs, essential oils (EOs), antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and endolysins] effective against ESKAPE pathogens. The second part of the review deals with special references to EOs/essential oil components (EOCs) (with some exclusive examples), mode of action (via interfering in the quorum-sensing pathways, disruption of biofilm and their inhibitory concentrations, expression of genes that are involved, other virulence factors), existing in literature so far. Moreover, different essential oils and their major constituents were critically discussed using in vivo models to target ESKAPE pathogens along with the studies involving existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Centre of Environment Studies, Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology and Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)–Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Andrea Bonacorsi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mukta Kulshrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Vishvanath Tiwari,
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Regulatory and Enterotoxin Gene Expression and Enterotoxins Production in Staphylococcus aureus FRI913 Cultures Exposed to a Rotating Magnetic Field and trans-Anethole. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116327. [PMID: 35683006 PMCID: PMC9181688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the influence of a rotating magnetic field (RMF) of two different frequencies (5 and 50 Hz) on the expression of regulatory (agrA, hld, rot) and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE—sea, sec, sel) genes as well as the production of SEs (SEA, SEC, SEL) by the Staphylococcus aureus FRI913 strain cultured on a medium supplemented with a subinhibitory concentration of trans-anethole (TA). Furthermore, a theoretical model of interactions between the bacterial medium and bacterial cells exposed to RMF was proposed. Gene expression and SEs production were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it was found that there were no significant differences in the expression of regulatory and SE genes in bacteria simultaneously cultured on a medium supplemented with TA and exposed to RMF at the same time in comparison to the control (unexposed to TA and RMF). In contrast, when the bacteria were cultured on a medium supplemented with TA but were not exposed to RMF or when they were exposed to RMF of 50 Hz (but not to TA), a significant increase in agrA and sea transcripts as compared to the unexposed control was found. Moreover, the decreased level of sec transcripts in bacteria cultured without TA but exposed to RMF of 50 Hz was also revealed. In turn, a significant increase in SEA and decrease in SEC and SEL production was observed in bacteria cultured on a medium supplemented with TA and simultaneously exposed to RMFs. It can be concluded, that depending on SE and regulatory genes expression as well as production of SEs, the effect exerted by the RMF and TA may be positive (i.e., manifests as the increase in SEs and/or regulatory gene expression of SEs production) or negative (i.e., manifests as the reduction in both aforementioned features) or none.
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Liu C, Shen Y, Yang M, Chi K, Guo N. Hazard of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Food and Promising Strategies for Natural Products against Virulence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2450-2465. [PMID: 35170308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus frequently contaminate food and cause serious foodborne diseases but are ignored during food processing and even cold-chain storage. Notably, SEs are stable and resistant to harsh sterilization environments, which can induce more serious hazards to public health than the bacterium itself. Therefore, it is necessary to develop promising strategies to control SE contamination in food and improve food safety. Natural products not only have various pharmaceutical properties, such as antimicrobial and antitoxin activities, but they are also eco-friendly, safe, nutritive, and barely drug-resistant. Here, the hazards of SEs and the promising natural compounds with different inhibitory mechanisms are summarized and classified. The key points of future research and applications for natural products against bacterial toxin contamination in food are also prospected. Overall, this review may provide enlightening insights for screening effective natural compounds to prevent foodborne diseases caused by bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunmei Chi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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Wan Y, Wang X, Zhang P, Zhang M, Kou M, Shi C, Peng X, Wang X. Control of Foodborne Staphylococcus aureus by Shikonin, a Natural Extract. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122954. [PMID: 34945505 PMCID: PMC8700560 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has attracted widespread attention due to its foodborne infection and food poisoning in human. Shikonin exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of microorganisms, but there are few studies on its antibacterial activity against S. aureus. This study aims to explore the antibacterial activity and mechanism of shikonin against foodborne S. aureus. The results show that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of shikonin were equal for all tested strains ranging from 35 μg/mL to 70 μg/mL. Shikonin inhibited the growth of S. aureus by reducing intracellular ATP concentrations, hyperpolarizing cell membrane, destroying the integrity of cell membrane, and changing cell morphology. At the non-inhibitory concentrations (NICs), shikonin significantly inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus, which was attributed to inhibiting the expression of cidA and sarA genes. Moreover, shikonin also markedly inhibited the transcription and expression of virulence genes (sea and hla) in S. aureus. In addition, shikonin has exhibited antibacterial ability against both planktonic and biofilm forms of S. aureus. Importantly, in vivo results show that shikonin has excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, both the heat stability of shikonin and the antimicrobial activity of shikonin against S. aureus were excellent in food. Our findings suggest that shikonin are promising for use as a natural food additive, and it also has great potential in effectively controlling the contamination of S. aureus in food and reducing the number of illnesses associated with S. aureus.
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Sheng Q, Du R, Ma C, Zhou Y, Shen X, Hou X, Xu L, Li L, Deng X, Wang J. NMPA-approved traditional Chinese medicine-Pingwei Pill: new indication for colistin recovery against MCR-positive bacteria infection. Chin Med 2021; 16:106. [PMID: 34663394 PMCID: PMC8524834 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wide spread of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance by mobile colistin resistance (MCR) in Enterobacteriaceae severely limits the clinical application of colistin as a last-line drug against bacterial infection. The identification of colistin potentiator from natural plants or their compound preparation as antibiotic adjuncts is a new promising strategy to meet this challenge. METHODS Herein, the synergistic activity, as well as the potential mechanism, of Pingwei pill plus antibiotics against MCR-positive Gram-negative pathogens was examined using checkerboard assay, time-killing curves, combined disk test, western blot assay, and microscope analysis. Additionally, the Salmonella sp. HYM2 infection models of mouse and chick were employed to examine the in vivo efficacy of Pingwei pill in combination with colistin against bacteria infection. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking assay were used to predicate other actions of Pingwei pill for Salmonella infection. RESULTS Our results revealed that Pingwei Pill synergistically potentiated the antibacterial activity of colistin against MCR-1-positive bacteria by accelerating the damage and permeability of the bacterial outer membrane with an FIC (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration) index less than 0.5. The treatment of Pingwei Pill neither inhibited bacterial growth nor affected MCR production. Notably, Pingwei Pill in combination with colistin significantly prolonged the median survival in mouse and chick models of infection using the Salmonella sp. strain HYM2, decreased bacteria burden and organ index of infected animal, alleviated pathological damage of cecum, which suggest that Pingwei Pill recovered the therapeutic performance of colistin for MCR-1- positive Salmonella infection in mice and the naturally infected host chick. Pharmacological network topological analysis, molecular docking, bacterial adhesion, and invasion pathway verification assays were performed to identify the other molecular mechanisms of Pingwei Pill as a colistin potentiator against Gram-negative bacteria infection. CONCLUSION Taken together, NMPA (National Medical Products Administration)-approved Pingwei Pill is a promising adjuvant with colistin for MCR-positive bacterial infection with a shortened R&D (research and development) cycle and affordable R&D cost and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Runbao Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cunhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Fu Y, Yang Z, Zhang H, Liu Y, Hao B, Shang R. 14-O-[(4,6-Diamino-pyrimidine-2-yl) thioacetyl] mutilin inhibits α-hemolysin and protects Raw264.7 cells from injury induced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105229. [PMID: 34624494 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new pleuromutilin derivative, 14-O-[(4,6-Diaminopyrimidine-2-yl) thioacetyl] mutilin (DPTM), has been synthesized and proven to be a potent agent against Gram-positive pathogens, especially for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). However, its pharmacological activities against α-hemolysin (Hla), a major virulence factor produced by S. aureus, and inflammations related to S. aureus are still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the DPTM inhibition activities against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Hla and protective efficacy of Raw264.7 cells from injury induced by MRSA. The results showed that DPTM with sub-inhibitory concentrations significantly inhibited Hla on the hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes and down-regulated the gene expressions of Hla and agrA with a dose-dependent fashion. In Raw264.7 cells infected with MRSA, DPTM efficiently attenuated the productions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the express levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, DPTM inhibited the translocation of p-65 to nucleus in RAW264.7 cells infected by MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxing Fu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, PR China.
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Sorour HK, Hosny RA, Elmasry DMA. Effect of peppermint oil and its microemulsion on necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 14:483-491. [PMID: 33776315 PMCID: PMC7994126 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.483-491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Clostridium perfringens is one of the multiple drug-resistant intestinal pathogens causing necrotic enteritis disease, leading to great economic losses in poultry farms. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of peppermint oil and its microemulsion (ME) as an alternative to antibiotics to control necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Peppermint oil ME formulation (15% oil/water) was prepared and characterized by zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the peppermint oil and its ME were investigated. A total of 80 commercial one day old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups of 20 birds each. The four groups were the negative control, positive control, peppermint oil (0.5 mL/mL water/10 days old), and its ME (0.25 mL/mL water/10 days old) groups. C. perfringens was orally provided at concentration of 1×108 CFU/mL on days 14, 15, and 16. Clinical signs and mortality were observed daily. Growth performance, gross lesions and cecal samples were investigated and examined on days 21, 28, and 35. Results: Peppermint oil ME formulation has a polydispersity index, zeta potential and droplet size of 0.234, −24 mV±4.19, and 29.96±1.56 nm, respectively. LC–MS/MS analysis of oil and ME revealed common presence of phenolic compounds such as rosmorinic (360.31 g/mol), chlorogenic acid (354.31 g/mol), hesperidin (610.56 g/mol), and luteolin 7-O-β-glucuronide (462.1 g/mol). The treated groups with peppermint oil and ME showed lower lesions, mortality and colony-forming units in addition to higher growth performance (p < 0.05) compared to the positive control group. Conclusion: Our study suggests the potential efficacy of peppermint oil and ME in the reduction of necrotic enteritis lesions and C. perfringens count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend K Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham A Hosny
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia M A Elmasry
- Nanotechnology Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Mane MB, Bhandari VM, Balapure K, Ranade VV. Destroying antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR) and difficult, opportunistic pathogen using cavitation and natural oils/plant extract. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105272. [PMID: 32739732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports, for the first time, a new and techno-economic strategy for effective removal of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR) and difficult, opportunistic pathogen using cavitation and natural oils/plant extract. A hybrid methodology using natural oils of known health benefits has been discussed in combination with conventional physico-chemical method of hydrodynamic cavitation that not only provides efficient and effective water disinfection, but also eliminates harmful effects of conventional methods such as formation of disinfection by-products apart from reducing cost of treatment. A proof-of concept is demonstrated by achieving exceptionally high rates for practically complete removal of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) and relatively less researched, gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus using a natural oil-Peppermint oil and two different cavitating reactors employing vortex flow (vortex diode) and linear flow (orifice) for hydrodynamic cavitation. >99% disinfection could be obtained, typically in less than 10 min, using vortex diode with operating pressure drop of 1 bar and low dose of 0.1% peppermint oil as an additive, depicting very high rates of disinfection. The rate of disinfection can be further increased by using simple aeration which can result in significant lowering of oil dose. The conventional device, orifice requires relatively higher pressure drop of 2 bar and comparatively more time (~20 min) for disinfection. The cost of the disinfection was also found to be significantly lower compared to most conventional processes indicating techno-economic feasibility in employing the developed hybrid method of disinfection for effectively eliminating bacteria including AMR bacteria from water. The developed approach not only highlights importance of going back to nature for not just conventional water disinfection, but also for eliminating hazardous AMR bacteria and may also find utility in many other applications for the removal of antimicrobial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya B Mane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India
| | - Vinay M Bhandari
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India.
| | - Kshama Balapure
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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12
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Liu X, Sun X, Deng X, Lv X, Wang J. Calycosin enhances the bactericidal efficacy of polymyxin B by inhibiting MCR-1 in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:532-540. [PMID: 32160376 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the synergistic effect of calycosin combined with polymyxin B against various mcr-1-positive bacterial strains. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found a potential inhibitor of MCR-1, calycosin, that could significantly restore the antibacterial activity of polymyxin B. The synergistic effect of calycosin combined with polymyxin B against various mcr-1-positive bacterial strains was confirmed by checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration assays, time-kill curve assays and disk diffusion assays. The fractional inhibitory concentration indexes ranged from 0·15 ± 0·03 to 0·28 ± 0·05, and the zones of inhibition increased from 13·33 ± 0·47 to 17·67 ± 0·47 mm with the combined therapy of calycosin and polymyxin B. In addition, the combined therapy significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the medium. However, at the concentrations required for the synergistic effect with polymyxin B, calycosin alone showed no effect on bacterial growth or MCR-1 production. Calycosin treatment exhibited no cytotoxicity to HeLa cells or A549 cells at calycosin concentrations below 32 µg ml-1 . CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our results suggested that calycosin could be used as a potential MCR-1 inhibitor to restore the bactericidal effect of polymyxin B without affecting bacterial viability or existing cytotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The synergistic effect of calycosin combined with polymyxin B against various mcr-1-positive bacterial strains paves the way for future pharmaceutical applications of calycosin in fighting mcr-1-positive bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Zhang D, Gan RY, Zhang JR, Farha AK, Li HB, Zhu F, Wang XH, Corke H. Antivirulence properties and related mechanisms of spice essential oils: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1018-1055. [PMID: 33331691 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, reduced antimicrobial effectiveness, increased bacterial infection, and newly emerged microbial resistance have become global public issues, leading to an urgent need to find effective strategies to counteract these problems. Strategies targeting bacterial virulence factors rather than bacterial survival have attracted increasing interest, since the modulation of virulence factors may prevent the development of drug resistance in bacteria. Spices are promising natural sources of antivirulence compounds owing to their wide availability, diverse antivirulence phytochemical constituents, and generally favorable safety profiles. Essential oils are the predominant and most important antivirulence components of spices. This review addresses the recent efforts of using spice essential oils to inhibit main bacterial virulence traits, including the quorum sensing system, biofilm formation, motility, and toxin production, with an intensive discussion of related mechanisms. We hope that this review can provide a better understanding of the antivirulence properties of spice essential oils, which have the potential to be used as antibiotic alternatives by targeting bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zhou Y, Guo Y, Wen Z, Ci X, Xia L, Wang Y, Deng X, Wang J. Isoalantolactone Enhances the Antimicrobial Activity of Penicillin G against Staphylococcus aureus by Inactivating β-lactamase during Protein Translation. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030161. [PMID: 32110983 PMCID: PMC7157633 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactamase-positive Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent multidrug-resistant pathogens worldwide and is associated with increasing threats to clinical therapeutics and public health. Here, we showed that isoalantolactone (IAL), in combination with penicillin G, exhibited significant synergism against 21 β-lactamase-positive S. aureus strains (including methicillin resistant S. aureus). An enzyme inhibition assay, a checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, a growth curve assay, a time-killing assay, a RT-PCR assay and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were performed on different β-lactamases or β-lactamase-positive S. aureus strains, in vitro, to confirm the mechanism of inhibition of β-lactamase and the synergistic effects of the combination of penicillin G and IAL. All the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of penicillin G, in combination with IAL, against β-lactamase-positive S. aureus, were less than 0.5, and ranged from 0.10 ± 0.02 to 0.38 ± 0.17. The survival rate of S. aureus-infected mice increased significantly from 35.29% to 88.24% within 144 h following multiple compound therapy approaches. Unlike sulbactam, IAL inactivated β-lactamase during protein translation, and the therapeutic effect of combination therapy with IAL and penicillin G was equivalent to that of sulbactam with penicillin G. Collectively, our results indicated that IAL is a promising and leading drug that can be used to restore the antibacterial effect of β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin G and to address the inevitable infection caused by βlactamase-positive S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Zhongmei Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi 830052, China;
| | - Yanling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Xuming Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86 431-87836161 (X.D.); +86 431-87835385 (J.W.); Fax: +86 431-87836160 (X.D.); +86 431-87836160 (J.W.)
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86 431-87836161 (X.D.); +86 431-87835385 (J.W.); Fax: +86 431-87836160 (X.D.); +86 431-87836160 (J.W.)
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15
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Enhanced Killing of Candida krusei by Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes in the Presence of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Melaleuca alternifolia and "Mentha of Pancalieri" Essential Oils. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213824. [PMID: 31652809 PMCID: PMC6864523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of tea tree oil (TTO) and "Mentha of Pancalieri" essential oil (MPP) on intracellular killing of Candida krusei, often resistant to conventional drugs, by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). Intracellular killing was investigated by incubating yeasts and PMNs with essential oils (EOs) at 1/4 and 1/8 × MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration), in comparison with anidulafungin, used as a reference drug. Killing values were expressed as Survival Index (SI) values. The cytotoxicity of EOs was evaluated by 3-[4,-5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Both EOs were more efficaceous at 1/8 × MIC than 1/4 × MIC, with killing values higher than observed in EO-free systems and in presence of anidulafungin, indicating that the decreasing concentrations did not cause lower candidacidal activity. This better activity at 1/8 × MIC is probably due to the EOs' toxicity at 1/4 × MIC, suggesting that at higher concentrations EOs might interfere with PMNs functionality. TTO and MPP at 1/8 × MIC significantly increased intracellular killing by PMNs through their direct action on the yeasts (both EOs) or on phagocytic cells (MPP), suggesting a positive interaction between EOs and PMNs to eradicate intracellular C. krusei. These data showed a promising potential application of TTO and "Mentha of Pancalieri" EO as natural adjuvants in C. krusei infection management.
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16
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Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Mentha x piperita (Lamiaceae) of Pancalieri (Turin, Italy) Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Interaction with Azoles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173148. [PMID: 31470602 PMCID: PMC6749244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The promising antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) has led researchers to use them in combination with antimicrobial drugs in order to reduce drug toxicity, side effects, and resistance to single agents. Mentha x piperita, known worldwide as “Mentha of Pancalieri”, is produced locally at Pancalieri (Turin, Italy). The EO from this Mentha species is considered as one of the best mint EOs in the world. In our research, we assessed the antifungal activity of “Mentha of Pancalieri” EO, either alone or in combination with azole drugs (fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole) against a wide panel of yeast and dermatophyte clinical isolates. The EO was analyzed by GC-MS, and its antifungal properties were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) parameters, in accordance with the CLSI guidelines, with some modifications. The interaction of EO with azoles was evaluated through the chequerboard and isobologram methods. The results suggest that this EO exerts a fungicidal activity against yeasts and a fungistatic activity against dermatophytes. Interaction studies with azoles indicated mainly synergistic profiles between itraconazole and EO vs. Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Thus, the “Mentha of Pancalieri” EO may act as a potential antifungal agent and could serve as a natural adjuvant for fungal infection treatment.
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das Chagas Almeida A, Azevedo Rodrigues L, dos Santos Paulino G, Pereira Aguilar A, Andrade Almeida A, Olavo Ferreira S, Brandão GC, Viana Leite JP, de Oliveira Barros Ribon A. Prenylated flavonoid-enriched fraction from Maclura tinctoria shows biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus and protects Galleria mellonella larvae from bacterial infection. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31357964 PMCID: PMC6664575 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Atlantic Forest biome extends along the entire Brazilian coast and is home to approximately 20,000 plant species, many of which are endemic; it is considered one of the hotspot regions of the planet. Several of these species are sources of natural products with biological activities that are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 90 extracts derived from native Atlantic Forest tree species against Staphylococcus aureus, an important human and veterinary pathogen. METHODS Extracts from native Atlantic Forest tree species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against S. aureus by in vitro standard methods. Phytochemical fractionation of the extract from Maclura tinctoria was performed by liquid-liquid partitioning. LC-DAD-ESI-MS was used for identification of constituents in the most active fraction. Damage of cells and alterations in the permeability of cell membrane were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and crystal violet uptake assay, respectively. In vivo antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus with survival data collected using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among the organic or aqueous extracts tested here, 26 showed biological activity. Eight species showed relevant results, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) below 1 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was registered for three species for the first time. An organic extract from Maclura tinctoria leaves showed the lowest MIC (0.08 mg/mL). Fractionation of this extract by liquid-liquid partitioning led to obtaining fraction 11FO d with a MIC of 0.04 mg/mL. This fraction showed strong activity against veterinary S. aureus isolates and contributed to the increased survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus ATCC 29213. The bacterial surface was not altered by the presence of 11FO d, and no cell membrane damage was detected. The LC-DAD-ESI/MS analyses identified prenylated flavonoids as the major constituents responsible for the antibacterial activity of this active extract. CONCLUSION A fraction enriched in prenylated isoflavones and flavanones from M. tinctoria showed in vitro and in vivo efficacy as antistaphylococcal agents. These findings justify the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds.
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Liu X, Liu S, Niu X, Wang Y, Deng X. Discovery of a potential MCR-1 inhibitor that reverses polymyxin activity against clinical mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae. J Infect 2019; 78:364-372. [PMID: 30851289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 poses a substantial clinical threat to the severe infections caused by CRE (Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae), as the treatment failure of the mcr-1-positive CRE "Superbug" most likely occurs by using the combination of carbapenem and polymixins. Therefore, our study aims to seek a potent MCR-1 inhibitor to fight this infection. A checkerboard MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) assay, time-killing assay, MPNP (Modified rapid polymyxin Nordmann/Poirel) test, combined disk test and molecular modelling analysis were performed on different mcr-1-positive strains to confirm the synergistic effects of the combination of colistin and osthole (OST). And a thigh mouse infection model was also used to evaluate such synergies. We identified that OST regained the bactericidal activity of polymyxins (FIC (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration) index = 0.11±0.04 - 0.29±0.10) against mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The in-vitro time-killing assays showed that either OST or polymyxins failed to eradicate mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae, but the combination eliminated mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae by 3-7-h post-inoculation. The mouse infection model demonstrated that the combination therapy significantly reduced the bacterial load in the thighs following subcutaneous administration. Our results established that OST is a promising natural compound that could be used to extend the life of polymyxins and to tackle the inevitability of serious infections caused by polymyxin-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shunli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Zhou Y, Wang T, Guo Y, Liu S, Wang J, Shen Y, Tang S, Wang Y, Deng X. In Vitro/ Vivo Activity of Potential MCR-1 Inhibitor in Combination With Colistin Againsts mcr-1-Positive Klebsiella pneumonia. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1615. [PMID: 30065720 PMCID: PMC6057107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance among strains of the nosocomial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae is increasing worldwide, causing serious clinical infections and higher mortality rates. Polymyxins are some of the few “last resort” options for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including K. pneumoniae, however, the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has largely rendered polymyxin-class antibiotics ineffective in a clinical setting. We previously identified a natural compound, pterostilbene, which has a synergistic effect in combination with polymyxins. Here, we aimed to determine whether pterostilbene application can restore the bactericidal activity of polymyxins against mcr-1-positive K. pneumoniae. Checkerboard MIC studies confirmed that pterostilbene reduces the MIC of colistin against mcr-1-positive clinical K. pneumoniae isolates, with the bacteria going from resistant to sensitive, and also demonstrated a synergistic effect with colistin (FIC index = 0.11 ± 0.04 or 0.28 ± 0.00). Time-killing assays showed that individually, both pterostilbene and colistin failed to eradicate K. pneumoniae strains, while in combination, the two drugs effectively eliminated K. pneumoniae ZJ02 and K. pneumoniae ZJ05 by 1–3 h post-inoculation. The combined disk test also showed increases in the zones of inhibition only for mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. A mouse infection model demonstrated that the survival rate of mice at 7 days post-intraperitoneal injection with a lethal dose of K. pneumoniae ZJ05 was significantly promoted from 0 to 67% following combination therapy. This is the first time a MCR-1 inhibitor has successfully been used in combination with colistin against human clinical MCR-1 producing K. pneumoniae ZJ05 isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingbo Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Pterostilbene, a Potential MCR-1 Inhibitor That Enhances the Efficacy of Polymyxin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02146-17. [PMID: 29339386 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02146-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the synergistic effect produced between pterostilbene and polymyxin B (fractional inhibitory concentration [FIC] index = 0.156 or 0.188) against MCR-producing Escherichia coli strains of both human and animal origins. The time-killing assays showed that either pterostilbene or polymyxin B failed to eradicate the mcr-1- and NDM-positive E. coli strain ZJ487, but the combination eliminated the strain by 1 h postinoculation. The survival rate of mice after intraperitoneal infections was significantly enhanced from 0% to 60% in the group in which combination therapy was applied.
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ElKady AI, Ramadan WS. The aqueous extract of cinnamon bark ameliorated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in vero cells without compromising the anticancer efficiency of cisplatin. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:363-71. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Suffredini IB, Saraceni CHC, Díaz IEC. Can mouth washes containing chlorhexidine 0.12% be used as synonym of a water solution of chlorhexidine 0.12%? BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is a gold standard drug in dentistry and is widely used as a reference in both <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>experiments. Due to ease of access, mouth washes containing CHX 0.12% are used as a substitute for aqueous CHX 0.12% solution in laboratory experiments. Additionally, it is well known that for product flavor purposes, volatile compounds are added to mouth washes formulations. Volatiles added to CHX 0.12% may improve wash's antibacterial ability. Volatiles add potency to the mouth wash formulation. Compared with an aqueous CHX 0.12% solution, it is proposed that CHX solutions and Periogard<sup>®</sup> would have antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed in the present study via disk diffusion assays against <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic>, <italic>Streptococcus sanguinis</italic>and <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>. Periogard<sup>®</sup> showed a significantly higher antibacterial activity in relation to CHX 0.12% (p<0.05) and a similar activity in relation to CHX 1% (p>0.05). Periogard<sup>(r)</sup> volatiles were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) and the presence of antibacterial menthol, menthone, isomenthol, menthyl acetate, trans-anethol and eugenol was verified. Finally, the use of Periogard<sup>®</sup> as a synonym of CHX 0.12% must be avoided, because its antibacterial activity is closely related to CHX 1%.</p>
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Samber N, Khan A, Varma A, Manzoor N. Synergistic anti-candidal activity and mode of action of Mentha piperita essential oil and its major components. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1496-1504. [PMID: 25853964 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.989623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae) has been used in folk medicine since antiquity. Its essential oil (mint EO) and major bioactive components have antimicrobial properties but their mechanism of action is still not clear. OBJECTIVE The present work aims to elucidate M. piperita's anti-Candida activity and mode of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of mint EO were identified by GC-MS by injecting 0.1 ml sample in a splitless mode. MIC was determined by the broth dilution method. Synergy with fluconazole (FLC) was evaluated by checkerboard assay and FICI. Mid log phase cells harvested from YPD media were used for proton extrusion measurement and the rate of glucose-induced H(+) efflux gives PM-ATPase activity. Cell membrane integrity was estimated by total ergosterol content and scanning microscopy at respective MIC and sub-MIC values. In vitro hemolytic activity was performed to rule out possible cytotoxicity of the test compounds. RESULTS The MIC value of mint EO, carvone, menthol, and menthone was 225, 248, 500, and 4200 µg/ml, respectively. At their respective MICs, these compounds showed 47, 42, 35, and 29% decrease in PM-ATPase activity besides showing synergy with FLC. In case of FLC-resistant strains, the decrease in H(+) efflux was by 52, 48, 32, and 30%, a trend similar to the susceptible cases. Exposed Candida cells showed a 100% decrease in the ergosterol content, cell membrane breakage, and alterations in morphology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that mint EO and its lead compounds exert antifungal activity by reducing ergosterol levels, inhibiting PM-ATPase leading to intracellular acidification, and ultimately cell death. Our results suggest that mint EO and its constituents are potential antifungal agents and need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Samber
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India and
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Barbosa LN, Probst IDS, Andrade BFMT, Alves FCB, Albano M, da Cunha MDLRDS, Doyama JT, Rall VLM, Fernandes Júnior A. In vitro antibacterial and chemical properties of essential oils including native plants from Brazil against pathogenic and resistant bacteria. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:289-98. [PMID: 25757433 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobials products from plants have increased in importance due to the therapeutic potential in the treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, we aimed to examine the chemical characterisation (GC-MS) of essential oils (EO) from seven plants and measure antibacterial activities against bacterial strains isolated from clinical human specimens (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and sensitive (MSSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium) and foods (Salmonella Enteritidis). Assays were performed using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC and MIC90%) (mg/mL) by agar dilution and time kill curve methods (log CFU/mL) to aiming synergism between EO. EO chemical analysis showed a predominance of terpenes and its derivatives. The highest antibacterial activities were with Cinnamomun zeylanicum (0.25 mg/mL on almost bacteria tested) and Caryophyllus aromaticus EO (2.40 mg/mL on Salmonella Enteritidis), and the lowest activity was with Eugenia uniflora (from 50.80 mg/mL against MSSA to 92.40 mg/mL against both Salmonella sources and P. aeruginosa) EO. The time kill curve assays revealed the occurrence of bactericide synergism in combinations of C. aromaticus and C. zeylanicum with Rosmarinus. officinalis. Thus, the antibacterial activities of the EO were large and this can also be explained by complex chemical composition of the oils tested in this study and the synergistic effect of these EO, yet requires further investigation because these interactions between the various chemical compounds can increase or reduce (antagonism effect) the inhibitory effect of essential oils against bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Nunes Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Li G, Qiao M, Guo Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Xia X. Effect of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Chlorogenic Acid on Reducing the Virulence Factor Production byStaphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:677-83. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Tarek N, Hassan HM, AbdelGhani SM, Radwan I, Hammouda O, El-Gendy AO. Comparative chemical and antimicrobial study of nine essential oils obtained from medicinal plants growing in Egypt. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Kawasaki H, Mizuta K, Fujita T, Kumamoto E. Inhibition by menthol and its related chemicals of compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves. Life Sci 2013; 92:359-67. [PMID: 23352972 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) and melastatin-8 (TRPM8) channels play a role in transmitting sensory information in primary-afferent neurons. TRPV1 agonists at high concentrations inhibit action potential conduction in the neurons and thus have a local anesthetic effect. The purpose of the present study was to know whether TRPM8 agonist menthol at high concentrations has a similar action and if so whether there is a structure-activity relationship among menthol-related chemicals. MAIN METHODS Compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded from the frog sciatic nerve by using the air-gap method. KEY FINDINGS (-)-Menthol and (+)-menthol concentration-dependently reduced CAP peak amplitude with the IC(50) values of 1.1 and 0.93 mM, respectively. This (-)-menthol activity was resistant to non-selective TRP antagonist ruthenium red; TRPM8 agonist icilin did not affect CAPs, indicating no involvements of TRPM8 channels. p-Menthane, (+)-limonene and menthyl chloride at 7-10 mM minimally affected CAPs. On the other hand, (-)-menthone, (+)-menthone, (-)-carvone, (+)-carvone and (-)-carveol (in each of which chemicals OH or O group was added to p-menthane and limonene) and (+)-pulegone inhibited CAPs with extents similar to that of menthol. 1,8-Cineole and 1,4-cineole were less effective while thymol and carvacrol were more effective than menthol in inhibiting CAPs. SIGNIFICANCE Menthol-related chemicals inhibited CAPs and were thus suggested to exhibit local anesthetic effects comparable to those of lidocaine and cocaine as reported previously for frog CAPs. This result may provide information to develop local anesthetics on the basis of the chemical structure of menthol.
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Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of menthol on adaptation, morphological, and gene expression changes in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:5361-7. [PMID: 22635999 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00894-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol (C(10)H(20)O) possesses antibacterial activity; nevertheless, bacterial adaptation to this compound has never been studied. Here we report that precultivation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains in increasing subinhibitory (SI) concentrations of menthol significantly elevates (4- to 16-fold) their resistance to menthol. Concomitant morphological alterations included the appearance of mucoid colonies and reduced biofilm production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination revealed suppressed curli formation in menthol-adapted cells. Expression of the gene cpsB10 (encoding one of the enzymes responsible for colanic acid production) was elevated in response to SI concentrations of menthol in a laboratory E. coli strain, whereas expression in an rcsC null mutant was reduced, implicating a partial role for the Rcs phosphorelay system in mediating the menthol signal. Adaptation to menthol also reduced expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator (Ler). This reduction, together with reduced curli and biofilm formation and elevated mucoidity, suggests a general reduction in bacterial virulence following adaptation to menthol. Our results thus suggest menthol as a potential lead in the recently emerging alternative strategy of targeting bacterial virulence factors to develop new types of anti-infective agents.
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