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He C, Zhang H, Chen X, Diao R, Sun J, Mao X. Novel reaction systems for catalytic synthesis of structured phospholipids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:1. [PMID: 38153551 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are distinctive, adaptable molecules that are crucial to numerous biological systems. Additionally, their various architectures and amphiphilic characteristics support their unrivaled crucial functions in scientific and industrial applications. Due to their enormous potential for use in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and health, structured phospholipids, which are modified phospholipids, have garnered increased attention. Traditional extraction methods, however, are pricy, resource-intensive, and low-yielding. The process of enzyme-catalyzed conversion is effective for producing several types of structured phospholipase. However, most frequently employed catalytic procedures involve biphasic systems with organic solvents, which have a relatively large mass transfer resistance and are susceptible to solvent residues and environmental effects due to the hydrophobic nature of phospholipids. Therefore, the adoption of innovative, successful, and environmentally friendly enzyme-catalyzed conversion systems provides a new development route in the field of structured phospholipids processing. Several innovative catalytic reaction systems are discussed in this mini-review, including aqueous-solid system, mixed micelle system, water-in-oil microemulsion system, Pickering emulsion system, novel solvent system, three-liquid-phase system, and supercritical carbon dioxide solvent system. However, there is still a glaring need for a thorough examination of these systems for the enzymatic synthesis of structural phospholipids. In terms of the materials utilized, applicability, benefits and drawbacks, and comparative effectiveness of each system, this research establishes further conditions for the system's selection. To create more effective biocatalytic processes, it is still important to build green biocatalytic processes with improved performance. KEY POINTS: • The latest catalytic systems of phospholipase D are thoroughly summarized. • The various systems are contrasted, and their traits are enumerated. • Different catalytic systems' areas of applicability and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Rujing Diao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Wangi IP, Supriyanto, Sulistyo H, Hidayat C. Glycerolysis–interesterification in high-shear reactor using sodium silicate catalyst: effect of mixing rate on reaction kinetics. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-023-02383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Marchetti JM. Optimization of the esterification reaction of free fatty acids present in waste salmon oil. BIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING 2022; 16:1297-1303. [DOI: 10.1002/bbb.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBiodiesel is gaining importance as a substitute for diesel with special focus on the transportation sector due to its advantages over petroleum‐based alternatives. Waste fish oil was used as a feedstock for this study, and an acid pre‐esterification process was examined. The effects of three main variables on the biodiesel yield were studied and their combined effects were investigated. Temperature, molar ratio, and catalysts were varied and the remaining parameters were kept constant. A quadratic model was found to fit the experimental data best, with a regression coefficient of 0.82. An increase in the reaction temperature led to an increase in the reaction yield. However, this increase became considerably weaker after 323 K. The reactant molar ratio and the catalysts amount had a similar tendency within the domain under consideration – the product yield increased for all operational conditions evaluated. It was found that the optimal predict yield was 96.29% for a reaction temperature of 325.53 K, a molar ratio of 8.37, and 3.93 wt% of catalyst. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Towards rapid and sustainable synthesis of biodiesel: A review of effective parameters and scale-up potential of intensification technologies for enzymatic biodiesel production. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Lithium from Lithium–Sulfur Batteries. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the rising demand for electric storage systems, lithium–sulfur batteries provide an attractive solution for low-weight and high-energy battery systems. Considering circular economy for new technologies, it is necessary to assure the raw material requirements for future generations. Therefore, metallurgical recycling processes are required. Since lithium is the central and most valuable element used in lithium–sulfur batteries, this study presents an environmentally friendly and safe process for lithium recovery as lithium carbonate. The developed and experimentally performed process is a combination of thermal and hydrometallurgical methods. Firstly, the battery cells are thermally deactivated to mechanically extract black mass. Then, water leaching of the black mass in combination with using CO2, instead of emitting it, can mobilize lithium by >90% as solid product.
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Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by electric and/or hydrogen engines. However, apart from the strategic and logistical difficulties associated with this change, the application of electric or hydrogen engines in heavy transport, e.g., trucks, shipping, and aircrafts, also presents technological difficulties in the short-medium term. In addition, the replacement of the current car fleet will take decades. This is why the use of biofuels is presented as the only viable alternative to diminishing CO2 emissions in the very near future. Nowadays, it is assumed that vegetable oils will be the main raw material for replacing fossil fuels in diesel engines. In this context, it has also been assumed that the reduction in the viscosity of straight vegetable oils (SVO) must be performed through a transesterification reaction with methanol in order to obtain the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that constitute biodiesel. Nevertheless, the complexity in the industrial production of this biofuel, mainly due to the costs of eliminating the glycerol produced, has caused a significant delay in the energy transition. For this reason, several advanced biofuels that avoid the glycerol production and exhibit similar properties to fossil diesel have been developed. In this way, “green diesels” have emerged as products of different processes, such as the cracking or pyrolysis of vegetable oil, as well as catalytic (hydro)cracking. In addition, some biodiesel-like biofuels, such as Gliperol (DMC-Biod) or Ecodiesel, as well as straight vegetable oils, in blends with plant-based sources with low viscosity have been described as renewable biofuels capable of performing in combustion ignition engines. After evaluating the research carried out in the last decades, it can be concluded that green diesel and biodiesel-like biofuels could constitute the main alternative to addressing the energy transition, although green diesel will be the principal option in aviation fuel.
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Abida K, Ali A. A review on catalytic role of heterogeneous acidic catalysts during glycerol acetylation to yield acetins. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mandari V, Devarai SK. Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2021; 15:935-961. [PMID: 34603592 PMCID: PMC8476987 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-021-10333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The excessive utilization of petroleum resources leads to global warming, crude oil price fluctuations, and the fast depletion of petroleum reserves. Biodiesel has gained importance over the last few years as a clean, sustainable, and renewable energy source. This review provides knowledge of biodiesel production via transesterification/esterification using different catalysts, their prospects, and their challenges. The intensive research on homogeneous chemical catalysts points to the challenges in using high free fatty acids containing oils, such as waste cooking oils and animal fats. The problems faced are soap formation and the difficulty in product separation. On the other hand, heterogeneous catalysts are more preferable in biodiesel synthesis due to their ease of separation and reusability. However, in-depth studies show the limited activity and selectivity issues. Using biomass waste-based catalysts can reduce the biodiesel production cost as the materials are readily available and cheap. The use of an enzymatic approach has gained precedence in recent times. Additionally, immobilization of these enzymes has also improved the statistics because of their excellent functional properties like easy separation and reusability. However, free/liquid lipases are also growing faster due to better mass transfer with reactants. Biocatalysts are exceptional in good selectivity and mild operational conditions, but attractive features are veiled with the operational costs. Nanocatalysts play a vital role in heterogeneous catalysis and lipase immobilization due to their excellent selectivity, reactivity, faster reaction rates owing to their higher surface area, and easy recovery from the products and reuse for several cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Mandari
- Industrial Bioprocess and Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy District, Telangana 502285 India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Devarai
- Industrial Bioprocess and Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy District, Telangana 502285 India
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Experimental measurement and correlation of phase equilibria of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in supercritical carbon dioxide. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Karpagam R, Jawaharraj K, Gnanam R. Review on integrated biofuel production from microalgal biomass through the outset of transesterification route: a cascade approach for sustainable bioenergy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144236. [PMID: 33422843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microalgal feedstocks have gained immense potential for sustainable biofuel production. Thermochemical, biochemical conversions and transesterification processes are employed for biofuel production. Especially, the transesterification process of lipid molecules to fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) is being widely employed for biodiesel production. In the case of the extractive transesterification process, biodiesel is produced from the extracted microalgal oil. Whereas In-situ (reactive) transesterification allows the direct conversion of microalgae to biodiesel avoiding the sequential steps, which subsequently reduces the production cost. Though microalgae have the highest potential to be an alternate renewable feedstock, the minimization of biofuel production cost is still a challenge. The biorefinery approaches that rely on simple cascade processes involving cost-effective technologies are the need of an hour for sustainable bioenergy production using microalgae. At the same time, combining the biorefineries for both (i) high value-low volume (food and health supplements) and (ii) low value- high volume (waste remediation, bioenergy) from microalgae involves regulatory and technical problems. Waste-remediation and algal biorefinery were extensively reviewed in many previous reports. On the other hand, this review focuses on the cascade processes for efficient utilization of microalgae for integrated bioenergy production through the transesterification. Microalgal biomass remnants after the transesterification process, comprising carbohydrates as a major component (process flow A) or the carbohydrate fraction after bio-separation of pretreated microalgae (process flow B) can be utilized for bioethanol production. Therefore, this review concentrates on the cascade flow of integrated bioprocessing methods for biodiesel and bioethanol production through the transesterification and biochemical routes. The review also sheds light on the recent combinatorial approaches of transesterification of microalgae. The applicability of spent microalgal biomass residue for biogas and other applications to bring about zero-waste residue are discussed. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA) and challenges of microalgal biorefineries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Karpagam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CPMB & B), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kalimuthu Jawaharraj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City 57701, SD, United States
| | - Ramasamy Gnanam
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CPMB & B), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lozano P, Bernal JM, Gómez C, Álvarez E, Markiv B, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Green biocatalytic synthesis of biodiesel from microalgae in one-pot systems based on sponge-like ionic liquids. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.
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14
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Sarris D, Rapti A, Papafotis N, Koutinas AA, Papanikolaou S. Production of Added-Value Chemical Compounds through Bioconversions of Olive-Mill Wastewaters Blended with Crude Glycerol by a Yarrowia lipolytica Strain. Molecules 2019; 24:E222. [PMID: 30634450 PMCID: PMC6359483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are the major effluent deriving from olive oil production and are considered as one of the most challenging agro-industrial wastes to treat. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of alcoholic beverage and oleochemical production activities including biodiesel production. The tremendous quantities of glycerol produced worldwide represent a serious environmental challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Yarrowia lipolytica strain ACA-DC 5029 to grow on nitrogen-limited submerged shake-flask cultures, in crude glycerol and OMW blends as well as in media with high initial glycerol concentration and produce biomass, cellular lipids, citric acid and polyols. The rationale of using such blends was the dilution of concentrated glycerol by OMW to (partially or fully) replace process tap water with a wastewater stream. The strain presented satisfactory growth in blends; citric acid production was not affected by OMW addition (Citmax~37.0 g/L, YCit/Glol~0.55 g/g) and microbial oil accumulation raised proportionally to OMW addition (Lmax~2.0 g/L, YL/X~20% w/w). Partial removal of color (~30%) and phenolic compounds (~10% w/w) of the blended media occurred. In media with high glycerol concentration, a shift towards erythritol production was noted (Erymax~66.0 g/L, YEry/Glol~0.39 g/g) simultaneously with high amounts of produced citric acid (Citmax~79.0 g/L, YCit/Glol~0.46 g/g). Fatty acid analysis of microbial lipids demonstrated that OMW addition in blended media and in excess carbon media with high glycerol concentration favored oleic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Sarris
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece.
| | - Anna Rapti
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Papafotis
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Apostolis A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Badgujar VC, Badgujar KC, Yeole PM, Bhanage BM. Enhanced biocatalytic activity of immobilized steapsin lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide for production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:47-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cortés-Borda D, Wimmer E, Gouilleux B, Barré E, Oger N, Goulamaly L, Peault L, Charrier B, Truchet C, Giraudeau P, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Le Grognec E, Felpin FX. An Autonomous Self-Optimizing Flow Reactor for the Synthesis of Natural Product Carpanone. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14286-14299. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Eric Wimmer
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Boris Gouilleux
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Elvina Barré
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Oger
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Lubna Goulamaly
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Louis Peault
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Benoît Charrier
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Charlotte Truchet
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Production of biodiesel from sea mango (Cerbera odollam) seed using in situ subcritical methanol–water under a non-catalytic process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-018-0138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Dos Santos JCS, Bonazza HL, de Matos LJBL, Carneiro EA, Barbosa O, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Gonçalves LRB, de Sant' Ana HB, Santiago-Aguiar RS. Immobilization of CALB on activated chitosan: Application to enzymatic synthesis in supercritical and near-critical carbon dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:16-26. [PMID: 28459004 PMCID: PMC5397107 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on activated chitosan. The loading capacity of the new biocatalyst is around 20 mg/g of support. Biocatalyst was higher than that of the CALB-Octyl (by a 53-fold factor). Enzymatic esterification reaction in supercritical or near-critical CO2. Molecular sieves promoted 16.0% increase in enzymatic esterification reaction.
The objective of this new paper was to evaluate the enzymatic esterification reaction conducted in supercritical or near-critical CO2, catalyzed by immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The biocatalyst was prepared through the immobilization of CALB by covalent attachment using chitosan sequentially activated with Glycidol, ethylenediamine (EDA) and glutaraldehyde as support. In order to determine the best operational conditions of the esterification reaction (1: 1 (alcohol–acid); biocatalyst content, 10% (by substrate mass); 45 °C), an experimental design (23) was conducted to evaluate the effects of the following parameters: alcohol to oil molar ratios, reaction time and temperature. The maximum loading of chitosan was 20 mg protein/g support, and the thermal and solvent stability of the new biocatalyst was higher than that of the CALB-GX (by a 26-fold factor), CALB-OC (by a 53-fold factor) and Novozym 435 (by a 3-fold factor). The maximum conversion was 46.9% at a temperature of 29.9 °C, ethanol to oleic acid molar ratio equal to 4.50:1, and a reaction time of 6.5 h. Additionally, the removal of water from the medium, by using molecular sieves, promoted a 16.0% increase in the conversion of oleic acid into ethyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, CEP 62785-000, Acarape, CE, Brazil
| | - Horacio L Bonazza
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Paraje "El Pozo", RN 168, km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Leonardo J B L de Matos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Elizabete A Carneiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | | | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hosiberto B de Sant' Ana
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rílvia S Santiago-Aguiar
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Aboim JB, Oliveira D, Ferreira JE, Siqueira AS, Dall'Agnol LT, Rocha Filho GN, Gonçalves EC, Nascimento LA. Determination of biodiesel properties based on a fatty acid profile of eight Amazon cyanobacterial strains grown in two different culture media. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biotechnological potential of 8 Amazon cyanobacteria was studied and some species shown to be promising biodiesel source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Oliveira
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Oil Chemistry
- Federal University of Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - John Eric Ferreira
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Oil Chemistry
- Federal University of Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
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20
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Micic RD, Tomić MD, Kiss FE, Nikolić-Djorić EB, Simikić MÐ. Optimization of hydrolysis in subcritical water as a pretreatment step for biodiesel production by esterification in supercritical methanol. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Lozano P, Bernal JM, Nieto S, Gomez C, Garcia-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Active biopolymers in green non-conventional media: a sustainable tool for developing clean chemical processes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17361-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07600e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
By understanding structure–function relationships of active biopolymers (e.g. enzymes and nucleic acids) in green non-conventional media, sustainable chemical processes may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Juana M. Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Susana Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Celia Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular “B” e Inmunología
- Facultad de Química
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | | | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universidad Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
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22
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High-pressure phase equilibrium measurements and thermodynamic modeling for the systems involving CO2, ethyl esters (oleate, stearate, palmitate) and acetone. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Mendes AA, de Castro HF, Giordano RL. Covalent attachment of lipases on glyoxyl-agarose beads: Application in fruit flavor and biodiesel synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Combi-protein coated microcrystals of lipases for production of biodiesel from oil from spent coffee grounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2043-7129-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Replacing chemical catalysts with biocatalysts is a widely recognized goal of white biotechnology. For biocatalytic processes requiring low water containing media, enzymes for example commercial preparations of lipases, show low catalytic efficiencies. Some high activity preparations for addressing this concern have been described. Protein coated microcrystals (PCMC) constitute one such preparation. The present work describes a Combi-PCMC for synthesis of biodiesel from the oil extracted from spent coffee grounds.
Results
Different lipases were screened for biodiesel synthesis from crude coffee oil out of which Novozym 435 gave the best conversion of 60% in 4 h. Optimization of reaction conditions i.e. % water, temperature and purification of coffee oil further enhanced conversion upto 88% in 24 h. A mixture of Novozym 435 and a cheap commercially available 1,3-specific lipase RMIM (from Mucor miehei) was used in different ratios and 1:1 was found to be the best trade-off between conversion and cost. The commercial preparations then were replaced by a novel biocatalyst design called Combi-Protein coated microcrystals (Combi-PCMC) wherein CAL B and Palatase were co-immobilized with K2SO4 as the core and this performed equivalent to the commercial preparations giving 83% conversion in 48 h.
Conclusion
Coffee oil extracted from spent coffee grounds could be used for the synthesis of biodiesel by using appropriate commercial preparations of lipases. The expensive commercially immobilized preparations can also be replaced by a simpler and inexpensive immobilization design called combi-PCMC which synergizes the catalytic action of a nonspecific lipase CAL B and a free form of 1,3-specific lipase from Mucor miehei.
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