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Allison M, Caramés-Méndez P, Hofmann BJ, Pask CM, Phillips RM, Lord RM, McGowan PC. Cytotoxicity of Ruthenium(II) Arene Complexes Containing Functionalized Ferrocenyl β-Diketonate Ligands. Organometallics 2023; 42:1869-1881. [PMID: 37592952 PMCID: PMC10428205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of 24 ruthenium(II) arene complexes of the type [(p-cym)RuCl(Fc-acac)] (where p-cym = p-cymene and Fc-acac = functionalized ferrocenyl β-diketonate ligands) are reported, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction for 21 new complexes. Chemosensitivity studies have been conducted against human pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa-2), human colorectal adenocarcinoma p53-wildtype (HCT116 p53+/+) and normal human retinal epithelial cell lines (APRE-19). The most active complex, which contains a 2-furan-substituted ligand (4), is 5x more cytotoxic than the analogs 3-furan complex (5) against MIA PaCa-2. Several complexes were screened under hypoxic conditions and at shorter-time incubations, and their ability to damage DNA was determined by the comet assay. Compounds were also screened for their potential to inhibit the growth of both bacterial and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Allison
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Pablo Caramés-Méndez
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Benjamin J. Hofmann
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Christopher M. Pask
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Roger M. Phillips
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Rianne M. Lord
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry and Biosciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Patrick C. McGowan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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2
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Hager LA, Mokesch S, Kieler C, Alonso-de Castro S, Baier D, Roller A, Kandioller W, Keppler BK, Berger W, Salassa L, Terenzi A. Ruthenium-arene complexes bearing naphthyl-substituted 1,3-dioxoindan-2-carboxamides ligands for G-quadruplex DNA recognition. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12040-12049. [PMID: 31292575 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quadruplex nucleic acids - DNA/RNA secondary structures formed in guanine rich sequences - proved to have key roles in the biology of cancers and, as such, in recent years they emerged as promising targets for small molecules. Many reports demonstrated that metal complexes can effectively stabilize quadruplex structures, promoting telomerase inhibition, downregulation of the expression of cancer-related genes and ultimately cancer cell death. Although extensively explored as anticancer agents, studies on the ability of ruthenium arene complexes to interact with quadruplex nucleic acids are surprisingly almost unknown. Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of four novel Ru(ii) arene complexes with 1,3-dioxoindan-2-carboxamides ligands bearing pendant naphthyl-groups designed to bind quadruplexes by both stacking and coordinating interactions. We show how improvements on the hydrolytic stability of such complexes, by substituting the chlorido leaving ligand with pyridine, have a dramatic impact on their interaction with quadruplexes and on their cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Hager
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stephan Mokesch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Claudia Kieler
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Dina Baier
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
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3
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Alonso‐de Castro S, Cortajarena AL, López‐Gallego F, Salassa L. Bioorthogonal Catalytic Activation of Platinum and Ruthenium Anticancer Complexes by FAD and Flavoproteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3143-3147. [PMID: 29359850 PMCID: PMC5887934 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in bioorthogonal catalysis promise to deliver new chemical tools for performing chemoselective transformations in complex biological environments. Herein, we report how FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), and four flavoproteins act as unconventional photocatalysts capable of converting PtIV and RuII complexes into potentially toxic PtII or RuII -OH2 species. In the presence of electron donors and low doses of visible light, the flavoproteins mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG) and NADH oxidase (NOX) catalytically activate PtIV prodrugs with bioorthogonal selectivity. In the presence of NADH, NOX catalyzes PtIV activation in the dark as well, indicating for the first time that flavoenzymes may contribute to initiating the activity of PtIV chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- CIC biomaGUNEPaseo de Miramón 182Donostia20014Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48011Spain
| | | | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics CenterPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4Donostia20018Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48011Spain
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4
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Alonso-de Castro S, Cortajarena AL, López-Gallego F, Salassa L. Bioorthogonal Catalytic Activation of Platinum and Ruthenium Anticancer Complexes by FAD and Flavoproteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- CIC biomaGUNE; Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia 20014 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao 48011 Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- CIC biomaGUNE; Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia 20014 Spain
- ARAID Foundation; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center; Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 Donostia 20018 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao 48011 Spain
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5
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Albertin G, Antoniutti S, Bortoluzzi M, Castro J, Trevisan M. Ruthenium(II) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl half-sandwich carbene complexes with polypyridyl ligands. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Lameijer LN, Ernst D, Hopkins SL, Meijer MS, Askes SHC, Le Dévédec SE, Bonnet S. A Red-Light-Activated Ruthenium-Caged NAMPT Inhibitor Remains Phototoxic in Hypoxic Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11549-11553. [PMID: 28666065 PMCID: PMC5601216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe two water-soluble ruthenium complexes, [1]Cl2 and [2]Cl2 , that photodissociate to release a cytotoxic nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor with a low dose (21 J cm-2 ) of red light in an oxygen-independent manner. Using a specific NAMPT activity assay, up to an 18-fold increase in inhibition potency was measured upon red-light activation of [2]Cl2 , while [1]Cl2 was thermally unstable. For the first time, the dark and red-light-induced cytotoxicity of these photocaged compounds could be tested under hypoxia (1 % O2 ). In skin (A431) and lung (A549) cancer cells, a 3- to 4-fold increase in cytotoxicity was found upon red-light irradiation for [2]Cl2 , whether the cells were cultured and irradiated with 1 % or 21 % O2 . These results demonstrate the potential of photoactivated chemotherapy for hypoxic cancer cells, in which classical photodynamic therapy, which relies on oxygen activation, is poorly efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N Lameijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha L Hopkins
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S Meijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sven H C Askes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E Le Dévédec
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Lameijer LN, Ernst D, Hopkins SL, Meijer MS, Askes SHC, Le Dévédec SE, Bonnet S. A Red-Light-Activated Ruthenium-Caged NAMPT Inhibitor Remains Phototoxic in Hypoxic Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N. Lameijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Gorlaeus Laboratories; P.O Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Gorlaeus Laboratories; P.O Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Samantha L. Hopkins
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Gorlaeus Laboratories; P.O Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Michael S. Meijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Gorlaeus Laboratories; P.O Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sven H. C. Askes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Gorlaeus Laboratories; P.O Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; Gorlaeus Laboratories; P.O Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; Gorlaeus Laboratories; P.O Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
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8
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Uršič M, Lipec T, Meden A, Turel I. Synthesis and Structural Evaluation of Organo-Ruthenium Complexes with β-Diketonates. Molecules 2017; 22:E326. [PMID: 28230756 PMCID: PMC6155601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four novel ruthenium organometallic complexes: [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-butanedione)Cl] (1), [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-butanedione)pta]PF₆ (2), [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-iodophenyl)-1,3-butanedione)Cl] (3) and [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-iodophenyl)-1,3-butanedione)pta]PF₆ (4) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), UV-Vis, NMR and mass spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures and spectroscopic data were compared to the previously published complexes [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,3-butanedione)Cl] (5) and [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-butanedione)pta]PF₆ (6). The pairs of complexes 1 and 3 as well as 2 and 4 are isostructural, with the former crystallizing in triclinic P-1 and the latter in monoclinic P2₁/c. The ruthenium(II) ion is found in a pseudo-octahedral "piano-stool" geometry in all compounds. Bond lengths and angles are consistent with other complexes of this type. Complexes 2 and 4 exhibit some moderate dynamic disorder. The lack of hydrogen bonding and major π-π interactions means that most of intramolecular interactions are fairly weak and involve halogen atoms present. This was further confirmed by ¹H-NMR spectra, where a significant difference is observed only on the ligand near the halogen atom, following an expected trend. The combined data show that the difference in any activity depends substantially on the type of the ligand's substituted halogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Uršič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tanja Lipec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anton Meden
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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9
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Telleria A, van Leeuwen PWNM, Freixa Z. Azobenzene-based ruthenium(ii) catalysts for light-controlled hydrogen generation. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3569-3578. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-controlled hydrogen generation catalysts were developed based on ruthenium(ii) azobenzene-containing half-sandwich complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Telleria
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- 20080 San Sebastián
- Spain
| | | | - Z. Freixa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- 20080 San Sebastián
- Spain
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10
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Deo C, Bogliotti N, Retailleau P, Xie J. Triphenylphosphine Photorelease and Induction of Catalytic Activity from Ruthenium-Arene Complexes Bearing a Photoswitchable o-Tosylamide Azobenzene Ligand. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deo
- PPSM, ENS Cachan,
CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- PPSM, ENS Cachan,
CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles,
CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Xie
- PPSM, ENS Cachan,
CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France
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Abstract
In 1913 Alfred Werner received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work that was of great importance for the development of coordination chemistry. In the years that followed numerous complexes consisting of metal ions and organic ligands were isolated, thus building a strong connection between inorganic and organic chemistry. Coordination compounds have many interesting properties which find diverse applications in numerous aspects of human life. Fourteeen contributions were received for this Special Issue covering very different aspects of metal complexes and their practical applications. The highest number of manuscripts deals with the biological activity of complexes which might potentially be used in the clinical practice. Authors have tested their cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and enzyme inhibition. Their optical properties were studied in view of their potential use in photodynamic therapy. Moreover, optical properties could also be used for bioanalysis. It is also known that metal complexes are useful catalysts and a few such examples are also described herein. Many other interesting properties and facts about the isolated and described complexes are also reported (radioactivity, design of metal-organic frameworks, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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