1
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Li Z, Yang C, Yan K, Xia M, Yan Z, Wang D, Wang W. Rational design of a polypropylene composite foam with open-cell structure via graphite conductive network for sound absorption. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1089-1099. [PMID: 38221881 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
An exciting result is reported in this study where a polypropylene (PP) foam with a high open-cell content was achieved by constructing a thermally conductive network for the first time. PP and nano-graphite particles were used as substrate and filler, respectively, to prepare the PP-graphite (PP-G) composite foam by twin-screw blending, hot pressing, and supercritical CO2 foaming. The nano-graphite particles can effectively adjust the microstructure of the PP-G foam and achieve a high porosity. When the amount of nano-graphite is 10.0 wt%, the PP-G foam exhibits optimal sound absorption performance, compression resistance, heat insulation, and hydrophobic properties. In the human-sensitive frequency range of 1000-6000 Hz, the corresponding average SAC is above 0.9, and the internal tortuosity is 5.27. After 50 cycles of compression, the compressive stress is 980 kPa and the SAC loss is only 7.8%. This study also innovatively proposed a new strategy to achieve the simple and rapid preparation of open-cell PP foams by increasing the thermal conductivity of the foaming substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Ming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Zhong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
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2
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Khudaida SH, Yen SK, Su CS. The Application of Box-Behnken Design for Investigating the Supercritical CO 2 Foaming Process: A Case Study of Thermoplastic Polyurethane 85A. Molecules 2024; 29:363. [PMID: 38257276 PMCID: PMC10820427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a versatile polymer with unique characteristics such as flexibility, rigidity, elasticity, and adjustable properties by controlling its soft and hard segments. To properly design and understand the TPU foaming process through supercritical CO2, a design of experiments approach, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was adopted using commercial TPU 85A as the model compound. The effect of saturation pressure, saturation temperature, and immersion time on the mean pore size and expansion ratio were investigated. The design space for the production of TPU foam was shown, and the significance of process parameters was confirmed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, extrapolation foaming experiments were designed and validated the feasibility of the response surface model developed via BBD. It was found that the pore size of TPU 85A foam could be controlled within 13 to 60 μm, and a stable expansion ratio could be designed up to six.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chie-Shaan Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.H.K.)
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3
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Li C, Hu J, Yan H, Yao Y, Zhang L, Bao J. Preparation of Open-Cell Long-Chain Branched Polypropylene Foams for Oil Absorption. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49372-49382. [PMID: 38162746 PMCID: PMC10753697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare open-cell foams using a blend of long-chain branched polypropylene and polyolefin elastomer (LCBPP/POE) for the production of reusable oil absorbents. The supercritical CO2 foaming process was conducted using a two-step batch rapid depressurization method. This unique two-step foaming approach significantly expanded the temperature and pressure windows, resulting in more uniform cells with smaller sizes, ultimately leading to higher expansion ratios and an increased open cell content. The foaming process was optimized by adjusting parameters, such as the LCBPP/POE ratio, foaming temperature, and foaming pressure, reaching a maximum open cell content of 97.6% and a maximum expansion ratio of 48. The influence of polypropylene (PP) crystallization was investigated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the hydrophobic and lipophilic characteristics of the LCBPP/POE open-cell foam were determined via contact angle measurements and oil/water separation tests. Oil absorption tests revealed that the blended LCBPP/POE foam has a higher oil absorption capacity than that of the pure LCBPP foam. The cyclic oil absorption tests demonstrated the outstanding ductility and recoverability of the LCBPP/POE open-cell foam in comparison to those of the pure LCBPP foam. Over 10 cycles, the LCBPP/POE foam maintained a substantial adsorption capacity, retaining 99.3% of its initial oil absorption capacity. With its notable features, including a high open cell content, excellent hydrophobic and lipophilic characteristics, superior oil absorption capacity, impressive cyclic oil absorption performance, and robust reusability, LCBPP/POE open-cell foams exhibit significant promise as potential oil adsorbents for use in oil spill cleanup applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Li
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key
Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jirun Hu
- Goettfert
(China) Limited, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Haikuo Yan
- National
Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology
(Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- National
Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology
(Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key
Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinbiao Bao
- Ningbo
Micro-Foam Technology Co., Ltd., High-Tech Zone, Ningbo 315048, China
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4
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Du JW, Zhou TT, Zhang R, Hu SF. Influence of TPU/EVA Phase Morphology Evolution on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extrusion Foaming. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3134. [PMID: 37514523 PMCID: PMC10385997 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was added at different contents to the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix to form a non-compatible blending system, and foaming materials with high pore density were prepared using the supercritical carbon dioxide extrusion method. The influence of the phase morphology and crystal morphology of the TPU/EVA blend on its foaming behavior was studied. The results show that EVA changed the phase morphology and crystal morphology of the blends, leading to the improved melt viscosity and crystallinity of the blend system. At the same time, interfacial nucleation increases the density of cells and decreases the cell thickness and size, which is beneficial for improving the foaming properties of the blends. For the EVA content of 10% (mass fraction), the cell size is small (105.29 μm) and the cell density is the highest (3.74 × 106 cells/cm3). Based on the TPU/EVA phase morphology and crystal morphology, it is found that the sea-island structure of the blend has better foaming properties than the bicontinuous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Du
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Sheng-Fei Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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5
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Wang C, Zhao X, Qiao J, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Cao H, Yang L, Liao R. Structural Changes and Very-Low-Frequency Nonlinear Dielectric Response of XLPE Cable Insulation under Thermal Aging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4388. [PMID: 37374572 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The structural changes and very-low-frequency (VLF) nonlinear dielectric responses are measured to evaluate the aging state of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) in power cables under various thermal aging conditions. For this purpose, the accelerated thermal aging experiments were performed on XLPE insulation materials at 90 °C, 120 °C and 150 °C with different durations of 240 h, 480 h and 720 h, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) characterization and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were tested to analyze the influence of different aging on physicochemical properties of XLPE insulation. Besides, the VLF dielectric spectra show that the permittivity and dielectric loss change significantly in the VLF range from 1 mHz to 0.2 Hz. A voltage-current (U-I) hysteresis curve referring to a standard sinusoidal voltage and the response current were introduced to characterize the nonlinear dielectric properties of XLPE insulation caused by thermal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xuetong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jingqi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yongjian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- China Electronics Chip Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hanzhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ruijin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
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6
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Zhou Y, Tian Y, Peng X. Applications and Challenges of Supercritical Foaming Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020402. [PMID: 36679284 PMCID: PMC9864728 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With economic development, environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent, and achieving green chemistry is an urgent task nowadays, which creates an opportunity for the development of supercritical foaming technology. The foaming agents used in supercritical foaming technology are usually supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) and supercritical nitrogen (ScN2), both of which are used without environmental burden. This technology can reduce the environmental impact of polymer foam production. Although supercritical foaming technology is already in production in some fields, it has not been applied on a large scale. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the types of foaming agents currently used in supercritical foaming technology and their applications in various fields, summarizing the technological improvements that have been made to the technology. However, we have found that today's supercritical technologies still need to address some additional challenges to achieve large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yingrui Tian
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- College of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Mendoza-Cedeno S, Embabi M, Chang E, Kweon MS, Shivokhin M, Pehlert G, Lee P. Influence of molecular weight on high- and low-expansion foam injection molding using linear polypropylene. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Guo Q, Shi D, Yang C, Wu G. Supercritical CO2 assisted construction of carbon black/polypropylene composite foams with bioinspired open-cell micro-nano hierarchical structure and outstanding performance for oil/water separation. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Yuan W, Wang F, Gao C, Liu P, Ding Y, Zhang S, Yang M. Effect of silica‐coated
TiO
2
nanorods on the foamability of polypropylene and photostability of foamed polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Resin Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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10
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Yang C, Yan K, Wen X, Cai P, Wu G. Radiation Grafting Assisted Preparation of Layered Structure Polypropylene Foam with Superthermal Insulation and Hydrophobic Properties via a Supercritical CO 2 Batch Foaming Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Peijun Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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11
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Yang C, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Xia M, Yan K, Lu J, Wu G. High thermal insulation and compressive strength polypropylene microcellular foams with honeycomb structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Effects of electron-beam irradiation and radiation cross-linker on tensile properties and thermal stability of polypropylene-based carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Wu MH, Wang CC, Chen CY. Preparation of high melt strength polypropylene by addition of an ionically modified polypropylene. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Yuan W, Wang F, Gao C, Liu P, Ding Y, Zhang S, Yang M. Enhanced foamability of isotactic polypropylene/polypropylene‐grafted‐nanosilica nanocomposites in supercritical carbon dioxide. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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15
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Wang C, Wang C, Li J. Strategy for the preparation of lightweight polypropylene/polyethylene‐octene elastomer composite foams with different phase morphologies using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Chao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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16
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Hou J, Zhao G, Wang G, Zhang L, Dong G, Li B. Ultra-high expansion linear polypropylene foams prepared in a semi-molten state under supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Yang C, Zhao Q, Xing Z, Zhang W, Zhang M, Tan H, Wang J, Wu G. Improving the Supercritical CO₂ Foaming of Polypropylene by the Addition of Fluoroelastomer as a Nucleation Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E226. [PMID: 30960210 PMCID: PMC6419069 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a small amount of fluoroelastomer (FKM) was used as a nucleating agent to prepare well-defined microporous PP foam by supercritical CO₂. It was observed that solid FKM was present as the nanoscale independent phase in PP matrix and the FKM could induce a mass of CO₂ aggregation, which significantly enhanced the diffusion rate of CO₂ in PP. The resultant PP/FKM foams exhibited much smaller cell size (~24 μm), and more than 16 times cell density (3.2 × 10⁸ cells/cm³) as well as a much more uniform cell size distribution. PP/FKM foams possessed major concurrent enhancement in their tensile stress and compressive stress compared to neat PP foam. We believe that the added FKM played a key role in enhancing the heterogeneous nucleation, combined with the change of local strain in the multiple-phase system, which was responsible for the considerably improved cell morphology of PP foaming. This work provides a deep understanding of the scCO₂ foaming behavior of PP in the presence of FKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hairong Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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18
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Gong W, Fu H, Zhang C, Ban D, Yin X, He Y, He L, Pei X. Study on Foaming Quality and Impact Property of Foamed Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1375. [PMID: 30961300 PMCID: PMC6401948 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, foamed polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by chemical foaming technology, and the foaming quality and impact property of the foamed PP composites were studied. The results showed that the foaming quality was significantly improved after the introduction of thermoplastic rubber (TPR) and polyolefin elastomer (POE). Meanwhile, it was found that the impact property depended on the intrinsic toughness and contribution of foams (cells) to the PP composites. Furthermore, the data regarding impact property in low temperature showed that when the temperature was between -80 and -20 °C, the impact properties of the foamed PP composites were higher than that of the unfoamed sample, which was due to the impact property being completely contributed by cells under this condition. Meanwhile, when the temperature ranged from -20 to 20 °C, the impact property of the unfoamed sample was higher, which was due to the PP matrix contributing more to the impact property under this temperature. This work significantly improved the foaming quality of foamed PP composites and provided reliable evidence for the improvement of impact property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- College of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Hai Fu
- College of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Daming Ban
- College of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiaogang Yin
- College of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yue He
- College of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Li He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Xianglin Pei
- College of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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19
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Yang C, Xing Z, Wang M, Zhao Q, Wang M, Zhang M, Wu G. Better scCO 2 Foaming of Polypropylene via Earlier Crystallization with the Addition of Composite Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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20
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Li M, Qiu J, Xing H, Fan D, Wang S, Li S, Jiang Z, Tang T. In-situ cooling of adsorbed water to control cellular structure of polypropylene composite foam during CO2 batch foaming process. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Yang C, Wang M, Xing Z, Zhao Q, Wang M, Wu G. A new promising nucleating agent for polymer foaming: effects of hollow molecular-sieve particles on polypropylene supercritical CO 2 microcellular foaming. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20061-20067. [PMID: 35541683 PMCID: PMC9080821 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Because polypropylene (PP) foam normally exhibits nonuniform cell size and cracked cellular structure, a narrow cell-size distribution and a well-defined morphology are always the focus of PP foaming technology. In this work, hollow molecular-sieve (MS) particles were applied as a potential nucleating agent in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming of PP. It was observed that the addition of MS particles largely narrowed the cell-size distribution. The resultant PP/MS foams exhibited significant concurrent enhancement in their cell density and mechanical properties: the cell density increased remarkably, by approximately 10 times, and the tensile strength increased from 6.1 MPa to 12.6 MPa. The hollow-structure MS particles resulted in a higher heterogeneous nucleation efficiency in the PP foaming process. We believe that the trapping of CO2 in the hollow holes of MS particles largely increased the solubility CO2 in PP and a number of gas cavities were formed. The existence of gas cavities reduced the energy barrier of heterogeneous nucleation, favoring the formation of a well-defined cellular structure. Additionally, the regular-hexagon shape of the cells might endow the PP foam with better mechanical properties compared with a circular cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- University of China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
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22
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Yang C, Xing Z, Wang M, Zhao Q, Wu G. Merits of the Addition of PTFE Micropowder in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming of Polypropylene: Ultrahigh Cell Density, High Tensile Strength, and Good Sound Insulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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23
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Yang C, Xing Z, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Wang M, Wu G. Supercritical CO2 foaming of radiation crosslinked polypropylene/high-density polyethylene blend: Cell structure and tensile property. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Yang C, Xing Z, Zhao Q, Wang M, Wu G. A strategy for the preparation of closed-cell and crosslinked polypropylene foam by supercritical CO2foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- University of China Academy of Sciences; Shijingshan Beijing 100049 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 200031 China
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