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Liu H, Cai C, Zhang X, Li W, Ma Z, Feng J, Liu X, Lei P. Discovery of Novel Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Fungicide Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2492-2500. [PMID: 38271672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Structural diversity derivatization from natural products is an important and effective method of discovering novel green pesticides. Cinnamic acids are abundant in plants, and their unparalleled structures endow them with various excellent biological activities. A series of novel cinnamic oxime esters were designed and synthesized to develop high antifungal agrochemicals. The antifungal activity, structure-activity relationship, and action mechanism were systematically studied. Compounds 7i, 7u, 7v, and 7x exhibited satisfactory activity against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, with inhibition rates of ≥90% at 50 μg/mL. Compounds 7z and 7n demonstrated excellent activities against Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.71 and 1.41 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 7z exhibited 100% protective and curative activities against apple Valsa canker at 200 μg/mL. The control effects of 7n against gray mold on tomato fruits and leaves were all >96%, exhibiting superior or similar effects to those of the commercial fungicide boscalid. Furthermore, the quantitative structure-activity relationship was established to guide the further design of higher-activity compounds. The preliminary results on the action mechanism revealed that 7n treatment could disrupt the function of the nucleus and mitochondria, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell membrane damage. Its primary biochemical mechanism may be inhibiting fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. The novel structure, simple synthesis, and excellent activity of cinnamic oxime esters render them promising potential fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chonglin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Design, synthesis and fungicidal activities evaluation of N-(thiazol-4-ylmethyl) benzenesulfonamide derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Liu W, Zhang S, Xiao L, Wan Y, He L, Wang K, Qi Z, Li X. Synthesis and biological activity of novel hydantoin cyclohexyl sulfonamide derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents in agriculture. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1438-1447. [PMID: 34921739 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant disease is one of the most serious problems in agriculture that can damage crops. Chemical fungicides are widely used to control plant diseases, but have led to resistance and a series of environmental problems. It is, therefore, necessary to develop highly effective and eco-friendly antimicrobial compounds with novel structures. RESULTS A series of novel hydantoin cyclohexyl sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized through an intramolecular condensation reaction. The bioassay results indicated that a majority of the title compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Erwinia carotorora. The in vivo inhibition rate of compound 3h was 91.01% against B. cinerea, which was higher than that of iprodione (84.07%). Compound 3w showed excellent antifungal activity against B. cinerea with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) of 4.80 μg ml-1 , which is lower than that of iprodione. Compound 3q had an EC50 value of 1.44 μg ml-1 against S. sclerotiorum, which was close to that of iprodione (1.39 μg ml-1 ), and the inhibition rate was also similar to that of iprodione. Compounds 3i and 3w had the best inhibition efficacy against S. sclerotiorum, both on growth of the mycelium and sclerotia and in the greenhouse pot test in vitro. Further study showed that compounds 3h, 3r and 3s have superb antibacterial activity against E. carotorora with EC50 values of 2.65, 4.24 and 4.29 μg ml-1 respectively, and were superior to streptomycin sulfate (5.96 μg ml-1 ). CONCLUSION Because of their excellent antifungal and antibacterial activity against B. cinerea, S. sclerotiorum and E. carotorora, these hydantoin cyclohexyl sulfonamide derivatives could be considered as suitable candidates for new antimicrobial agents. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lifeng Xiao
- Dalian Join King Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiqiu Qi
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Preliminary Study of Resistance Mechanism of Botrytis cinerea to SYAUP-CN-26. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030936. [PMID: 35164201 PMCID: PMC8839620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SYAUP-CN-26 (1S, 2R-((3-bromophenethyl)amino)-N-(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl) cyclohexane-1-sulfonamide) is a novel sulfonamide compound with excellent activity against Botrytis cinerea. The present study sought to explore the mutant of B.cinerea resistant to SYAUP-CN-26 using SYAUP-CN-26 plates. Moreover, the cell membrane functions of B.cinerea, histidine kinase activity, relative conductivity, triglyceride, and cell membrane structure were determined, and the target gene histidine kinase Bos1 (AF396827.2) of procymidone was amplified and sequenced. The results showed that compared to the sensitive strain, the cell membrane permeability, triglyceride, and histidine kinase activity of the resistant strain showed significant changes. The relative conductivity of the sensitive strain increased by 6.95% and 9.61%, while the relative conductivity of the resistant strain increased by 0.23% and 1.76% with 26.785 µg/mL (EC95) and 79.754 µg/mL (MIC) of SYAUP-CN-26 treatment. The triglyceride inhibition rate of the resistant strain was 23.49% and 37.80%, which was 0.23% and 1.76% higher than the sensitive strain. Compared to the sensitive strain, the histidine kinase activity of the resistant strain was increased by 23.07% and 35.61%, respectively. SYAUP-CN-26 significantly damaged the cell membrane structure of the sensitive strain. The sequencing of the Bos1 gene of the sensitive and resistant strains indicated that SYAUP-CN-26 resistance was associated with a single point mutation (P348L) in the Bos1 gene. Therefore, it was inferred that the mutant of B.cinerea resistant to SYAUP-CN-26 might be regulated by the Bos1 gene. This study will provide a theoretical basis for further research and development of sulfonamide compounds for B. cinerea and new agents for the prevention and control of resistant B. cinerea.
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Design and synthesis of potential fungicidal compounds derived from natural products, (-)-menthol and (-)-borneol. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Feng T, Li J, Sun M, Peng J, Li X, Qi Z. SYAUP-CN-26 applies its antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea by disrupting mitochondrial structure and function. Biochimie 2020; 176:162-168. [PMID: 32726595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of SYAUP-CN-26 on mitochondrial structure and function of Botrytis cinerea. The mitochondria, with the addition of SYAUP-CN-26 (EC50 [1.823 mg/L], EC90 [19.263 mg/L], and minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] [79.754 mg/L]), emerged malformed shape, rough surface and unordered structure. As the concentration of SYAUP-CN-26 increases, the decrease in ATP content and the enhancement in the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes function confirmed that mitochondrial function was disrupted. And the respiratory superposing inhibition showed that SYAUP-CN-26 inhibited the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) pathway of B. cinerea cells. Overall, these results indicated that SYAUP-CN-26 could inhibit mitochondrial structure and function to effect the growth of B. cinerea cells, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was a key factor for disruption of B. cinerea mitochondrial function and antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyue Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jialun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mingfan Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jingnan Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhiqiu Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Cytological and Gene Profile Expression Analysis Reveals Modification in Metabolic Pathways and Catalytic Activities Induce Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Against Iprodione Isolated From Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144865. [PMID: 32660143 PMCID: PMC7402349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Grey mold is one of the most serious and catastrophic diseases, causing significant yield losses in fruits and vegetables worldwide. Iprodione is a broad spectrum agrochemical used as a foliar application as well as a seed protectant against many fungal and nematode diseases of fruits and vegetables from the last thirty years. The extensive use of agrochemicals produces resistance in plant pathogens and is the most devastating issue in food and agriculture. However, the molecular mechanism (whole transcriptomic analysis) of a resistant mutant of B. cinerea against iprodione is still unknown. In the present study, mycelial growth, sporulation, virulence, osmotic potential, cell membrane permeability, enzymatic activity, and whole transcriptomic analysis of UV (ultraviolet) mutagenic mutant and its wild type were performed to compare the fitness. The EC50 (half maximal effective concentration that inhibits the growth of mycelium) value of iprodione for 112 isolates of B. cinerea ranged from 0.07 to 0.87 µg/mL with an average (0.47 µg/mL) collected from tomato field of Guangxi Province China. Results also revealed that, among iprodione sensitive strains, only B67 strain induced two mutants, M0 and M1 after UV application. The EC50 of these induced mutants were 1025.74 μg/mL and 674.48 μg/mL, respectively, as compared to its wild type 1.12 μg/mL. Furthermore, mutant M0 showed higher mycelial growth sclerotia formation, virulence, and enzymatic activity than wild type W0 and M1 on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The bctubA gene in the mutant M0 replaced TTC and GAT codon at position 593 and 599 by TTA and GAA, resulting in replacement of phenyl alanine into leucine (transversion C/A) and aspartic acid into glutamic acid (transversion T/C) respectively. In contrast, in bctubB gene, GAT codon at position 646 is replaced by AAT and aspartic acid converted into asparagine (transition G/A). RNA sequencing of the mutant and its wild type was performed without (M0, W0) and with iprodione treatment (M-ipro, W-ipro). The differential gene expression (DEG) identified 720 unigenes in mutant M-ipro than W-ipro after iprodione treatment (FDR ≤ 0.05 and log2FC ≥ 1). Seven DEGs were randomly selected for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction to validate the RNA sequencing genes expression (log fold 2 value). The gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway functional analyses indicated that DEG’s mainly associated with lysophopholipase, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, catalytic activity, multifunctional genes (MFO), glutathione-S transferase (GST), drug sensitivity, and cytochrome P450 related genes are upregulated in mutant type (M0, M-ipro) as compared to its wild type (W0, W-ipro), may be related to induce resistant in mutants of B. cinerea against iprodione.
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Peng J, Wang K, Feng T, Zhang H, Li X, Qi Z. The Effect of (1 S,2 R-((3-bromophenethyl)amino)- N-(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl) cyclohexane-1 -sulfonamide) on Botrytis cinerea through the Membrane Damage Mechanism. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010094. [PMID: 31881794 PMCID: PMC6982773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Botrytis cinerea has led to serious yield losses because of its resistance to fungicides. Many sulfonamides with improved properties have been used. (1S,2R-((3-bromophenethyl)amino)-N-(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl)cyclohexane-1-sulfonamide) (abbreviation: SYAUP-CN-26) is a new sulfonamide compound that has excellent activity against B. cinerea. This study investigated the effect of SYAUP-CN-26 on electric conductivity, nucleic acids leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and reducing sugars and membrane structure reduction of B. cinerea. The results showed that the cell membrane permeability of B. cinerea increased with increasing concentrations of SYAUP-CN-26; meanwhile, the sugar content decreased, the malondialdehyde content increased, and relative electric conductivity and nucleic acid substance leakage were observed in the cell after exposure to 19.263 mg/L SYAUP-CN-26 for 24 h. After 48 h of exposure to 1.823 mg/L and 19.263 mg/L SYAUP-CN-26, the cell membranes of B. cinerea mycelia were observed to be damaged under propidium iodide (PI) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. It is assumed that SYAUP-CN-26 was responsible for the damage of cell membrane. Overall, the results indicate that SYAUP-CN-26 could inhibit the growth of B. cinerea cells by damaging the cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqiu Qi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-8834-2018
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Cai N, He L, Wang K, Feng Z, Cui Z, Ji M, Qi Z, Qin P, Li X. Novel sulfonamides against Botrytis cinerea with no positive cross-resistance to commercial fungicides: Design, synthesis and SAR study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126859. [PMID: 31889667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four novel compounds were synthesized using chesulfamide (N-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxocyclohexyl sulfonamide), a high-profile fungicide, as the lead compound, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structure of (1S,2R)-2-((3-bromophenethyl)amino)-N-(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl)cyclohexane-1-sulfonamide (IV-9) was confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The mycelium inhibition tests, spore germination inhibition tests, tomato pot tests and field trials were performed against strains of B. cinerea. Bioassay results showed that most of target compounds had good fungicidal activity against B. cinerea, in particular, IV-9 exhibited similar or superior effects to procymidone, boscalid and pyrisoxazole in all in vitro and in vivo tests. Moreover, there was no positive cross-resistance found between the compound IV-9 and eight commercial fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, diethofencarb, fludioxonil, procymidone, pyrimethanil and pyrisoxazole) in the cross-resistance validation test performed by an innovative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zining Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshan Ji
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiqiu Qi
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Peiwen Qin
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Sulfonamide derivatives as multi-target agents for complex diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2042-2050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang S, Meng S, Xie Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, He L, Wang K, Qi Z, Ji M, Qin P, Li X. Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity and SAR of 2-Thiazolamide/Pyrazolamide-Cyclohexylsulfonamides against Botrytis cinerea. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142607. [PMID: 31319619 PMCID: PMC6680688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore more efficient sulfonamides against Botrytis cinereal, 36 novel cyclohexylsulfonamides were synthesized by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) condensation reaction using chesulfamide as a lead compound, introducing thiazole and pyrazole active groups. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrum (MS), and elemental analysis. Compound III -31 was further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activities against B. cinerea were evaluated by three bioassay methods. The results of mycelial growth demonstrated that median effective concentration (EC50) values of nine compounds were close to boscalid (EC50 = 1.72 µg/mL) and procymidone (EC50 = 1.79 µg/mL) against B. cinerea (KZ-9). In the spore germination experiment, it was found that compounds III-19 and III-31 inhibited germination 93.89 and 98.00%, respectively; at 10 µg/mL, they approached boscalid (95.97%). In the tomato pot experiment, the control effects of two compounds (III-21 and III-27) were 89.80 and 87.90%, respectively, at 200 µg/mL which were significantly higher than boscalid (81.99%). The structure–activity relationship (SAR) was also discussed, which provided a valuable idea for developing new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Siqi Meng
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide (Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd.), Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yonggui Yang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiqiu Qi
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingshan Ji
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Peiwen Qin
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
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