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Lahlou RA, Carvalho F, Pereira MJ, Lopes J, Silva LR. Overview of Ethnobotanical-Pharmacological Studies Carried Out on Medicinal Plants from the Serra da Estrela Natural Park: Focus on Their Antidiabetic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38675115 PMCID: PMC11054966 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Serra da Estrela Natural Park (NPSE) in Portugal stands out as a well-preserved region abundant in medicinal plants, particularly known for their pharmaceutical applications in diabetes prevention and treatment. This comprehensive review explores these plants' botanical diversity, traditional uses, pharmacological applications, and chemical composition. The NPSE boast a rich diversity with 138 medicinal plants across 55 families identified as traditionally and pharmacologically used against diabetes globally. Notably, the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are prevalent in antidiabetic applications. In vitro studies have revealed their significant inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and certain plant co-products regulate genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion. In vivo trials have demonstrated antidiabetic effects, including glycaemia regulation, insulin secretion, antioxidant activity, and lipid profile modulation. Medicinal plants in NPSE exhibit various activities beyond antidiabetic, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and more. Chemical analyses have identified over fifty compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides responsible for their efficacy against diabetes. These findings underscore the potential of NPSE medicinal plants as antidiabetic candidates, urging further research to develop effective plant-based antidiabetic drugs, beverages, and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Aitfella Lahlou
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Filomena Carvalho
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria João Pereira
- CERENA/DER, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - João Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Albien AL, Stark TD. (Bio)active Compounds in Daisy Flower ( Bellis perennis). Molecules 2023; 28:7716. [PMID: 38067445 PMCID: PMC10707873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The common daisy (Bellis perennis) belongs to the family Asteraceae and, in recent years, some new research has been published on the bioactive compounds and biological activities of its extracts. In 2014, the knowledge was partially summarized, but several new studies have been published in the last nine years. In addition, the substances were tabularly consolidated to give a comprehensive overview of over 310 individual components, compound classes, and bioactivities, as well as their accurate plant organ origin. The latest results have shown that the plant has antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticancerogenic, wound healing, antidepressive, anxiolytic, nephroprotective, and insulin mimetic effects, as well as an effect on lipid metabolism. Some studies in the field of homeopathy were also listed. Ideally, a biological effect and one or several compound(s) can be correlated. However, the compounds of the extracts used have often been qualified and quantified, but it remains unclear which of these substances have an activity. The works often stick at the level of the crude extract or a fraction, but not at a single purified and tested compound and, consequently, they are hampered by a missing comprehensive bioactivity workflow. This review provides a critical overview and gaps and offers a basis for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Albien
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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3
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Woodfield A, Gonzales T, Helmerhorst E, Laws S, Newsholme P, Porter T, Verdile G. Current Insights on the Use of Insulin and the Potential Use of Insulin Mimetics in Targeting Insulin Signalling in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415811. [PMID: 36555450 PMCID: PMC9779379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are chronic diseases that share several pathological mechanisms, including insulin resistance and impaired insulin signalling. Their shared features have prompted the evaluation of the drugs used to manage diabetes for the treatment of AD. Insulin delivery itself has been utilized, with promising effects, in improving cognition and reducing AD related neuropathology. The most recent clinical trial involving intranasal insulin reported no slowing of cognitive decline; however, several factors may have impacted the trial outcomes. Long-acting and rapid-acting insulin analogues have also been evaluated within the context of AD with a lack of consistent outcomes. This narrative review provided insight into how targeting insulin signalling in the brain has potential as a therapeutic target for AD and provided a detailed update on the efficacy of insulin, its analogues and the outcomes of human clinical trials. We also discussed the current evidence that warrants the further investigation of the use of the mimetics of insulin for AD. These small molecules may provide a modifiable alternative to insulin, aiding in developing drugs that selectively target insulin signalling in the brain with the aim to attenuate cognitive dysfunction and AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Woodfield
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Tatiana Gonzales
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Erik Helmerhorst
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Simon Laws
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9266 5618
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Ollinger N, Neuhauser C, Schwarzinger B, Wallner M, Schwarzinger C, Blank-Landeshammer B, Hager R, Sadova N, Drotarova I, Mathmann K, Karamouzi E, Panopoulos P, Rimbach G, Lüersen K, Weghuber J, Röhrl C. Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Oils and Extracts Derived from Sea Buckthorn - A Comprehensive Analysis Utilizing In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101133. [PMID: 35426970 PMCID: PMC9285508 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Sea buckthorn (Hippophaes rhamnoides) is capable of ameliorating disturbed glucose metabolism in animal models and human subjects. Here, the effect of sea buckthorn oil as well as of extracts of fruits, leaves, and press cake on postprandial glucose metabolism is systematically investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Sea buckthorn did neither exert decisive effects in an in vitro model of intestinal glucose absorption nor did it alter insulin secretion. However, sea buckthorn stimulates GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane comparable to insulin, indicative of increased glucose clearance from the circulation. Isorhamnetin is identified in all sea buckthorn samples investigated and is biologically active in triggering GLUT4 cell surface localization. Consistently, sea buckthorn products lower circulating glucose by ≈10% in a chick embryo model. Moreover, sea buckthorn products fully revert hyperglycemia in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans while they are ineffective in Drosophila melanogaster under euglycemic conditions. CONCLUSION These data indicate that edible sea buckthorn products as well as by-products are promising resources for hypoglycemic nutrient supplements that increase cellular glucose clearance into target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ollinger
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria.,University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Melanie Wallner
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Roland Hager
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Nadiia Sadova
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Ivana Drotarova
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Katrin Mathmann
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Eugenia Karamouzi
- European Research & Development Rezos Brands, 196 New National Road Patras-Athens, Patras, 26443, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Panopoulos
- European Research & Development Rezos Brands, 196 New National Road Patras-Athens, Patras, 26443, Greece
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Julian Weghuber
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria.,University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Clemens Röhrl
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstrasse 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
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Günther I, Rimbach G, Nevermann S, Neuhauser C, Stadlbauer V, Schwarzinger B, Schwarzinger C, Ipharraguerre IR, Weghuber J, Lüersen K. Avens Root ( Geum Urbanum L.) Extract Discovered by Target-Based Screening Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity in the Hen's Egg Test Model and Drosophila melanogaster. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794404. [PMID: 34975489 PMCID: PMC8715001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant extracts are becoming increasingly important as an alternative for traditional drugs against diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, we initialized a target-based screening of 111 root extracts from an open access plant extract library (PECKISH) by ascertaining their in-vitro inhibitory efficacy on α-glucosidase. The two most active extracts Geum urbanum L. (roseroot) and Rhodiola rosea L. (avens root) were further tested for their antidiabetic activities in terms of their impact on different regulatory key points of glucose homeostasis. To this end, various enzyme- and cell culture-based in-vitro assays were employed including the determination of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) activity in Caco-2 monolayers by Ussing chambers and of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in a GFP-reporter cell line. Subsequently, the antidiabetic potential of the root extracts were further evaluated in in-vivo models, namely hen’s eggs test and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Avens root extract was found to be a more potent inhibitor of the enzymes α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) than roseroot extract. Most importantly, only avens root extract exhibited antidiabetic activity in the two in-vivo models eliciting a reduced blood glucose level in the in-ovo model and a decline of the triglyceride level in a dietary starch-induced D. melanogaster obesity model. Analyses of the polyphenolic composition of the avens root extract by HPLC revealed a high content of ellagic acid and its derivatives as well as ellagitannins such as pedunculagin, stenophyllanin, stachyurin, casuarinin and gemin A. In conclusion, avens root extract represents a promising medicinal plant that should be considered in further in-vivo studies on hyperglycemia in laboratory rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Günther
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Nevermann
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Several reports have revealed the superior biological activity of metal ion-flavonoid complexes when compared with the parent flavonoid. Among the different metal ions explored, vanadium and its compounds are in the forefront because of their anticancer and antidiabetic properties. However, the toxicity of vanadium-based ions and their inorganic derivatives limits their therapeutic applications. Complexation of vanadium with flavonoids not only reduces its adverse effects but also augments its biological activity. This Review discusses the nature of coordination in vanadium-flavonoid complexes, their structure-activity correlations, with special emphasis on their therapeutic activities. Several investigations suggest that the superior biological activity of vanadium complexes arise because of their ability to regulate metabolic pathways distinct from those acted upon by vanadium alone. These studies serve to decipher the underlying molecular mechanism of vanadium-flavonoid complexes that can be explored further for generating a series of novel compounds with improved pharmacological and therapeutic performance.
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7
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Stadlbauer V, Neuhauser C, Aumiller T, Stallinger A, Iken M, Weghuber J. Identification of Insulin-Mimetic Plant Extracts: From an In Vitro High-Content Screen to Blood Glucose Reduction in Live Animals. Molecules 2021; 26:4346. [PMID: 34299620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to insulin resistance and a loss of insulin sensitivity, leading to millions of deaths worldwide each year. T2DM is caused by reduced uptake of glucose facilitated by glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in muscle and adipose tissue due to decreased intracellular translocation of GLUT4-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane. To treat T2DM, novel medications are required. Through a fluorescence microscopy-based high-content screen, we tested more than 600 plant extracts for their potential to induce GLUT4 translocation in the absence of insulin. The primary screen in CHO-K1 cells resulted in 30 positive hits, which were further investigated in HeLa and 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, full plasma membrane insertion was examined by immunostaining of the first extracellular loop of GLUT4. The application of appropriate inhibitors identified PI3 kinase as the most important signal transduction target relevant for GLUT4 translocation. Finally, from the most effective hits in vitro, four extracts effectively reduced blood glucose levels in chicken embryos (in ovo), indicating their applicability as antidiabetic pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals.
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Ansari P, Flatt PR, Harriott P, Hannan JMA, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Identification of Multiple Pancreatic and Extra-Pancreatic Pathways Underlying the Glucose-Lowering Actions of Acacia arabica Bark in Type-2 Diabetes and Isolation of Active Phytoconstituents. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1190. [PMID: 34208010 PMCID: PMC8230611 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acacia arabica is used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes. This study elucidated the antidiabetic actions of A. arabica bark together with the isolation of bioactive molecules. Insulin secretion and signal transduction were measured using clonal β cells and mouse islets. Glucose uptake was assessed using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in vitro systems assessed additional glucose-lowering actions. High-fat-fed (HFF) obese rats were used for in vivo evaluation, and phytoconstituents were isolated and characterised by RP-HPLC followed by LC-MS and NMR. Hot-water extract of A. arabica (HWAA) increased insulin release from clonal β cells and mouse islets by 1.3-6.8-fold and 1.6-3.2-fold, respectively. Diazoxide, verapamil and calcium-free conditions decreased insulin-secretory activity by 30-42%. In contrast, isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide and 30 mM KCl potentiated the insulin-secretory effects. The mechanism of actions of HWAA involved membrane depolarisation and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ together with an increase in glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes, inhibition of starch digestion, glucose diffusion, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity and protein glycation. Acute HWAA administration (250 mg/5 mL/kg) enhanced glucose tolerance and plasma insulin in HFF obese rats. Administration of HWAA (250 mg/5 mL/kg) for 9 days improved glucose homeostasis and β-cell functions, thereby improving glycaemic control, and circulating insulin. Isolated phytoconstituents, including quercetin and kaempferol, increased insulin secretion in vitro and improved glucose tolerance. The results indicate that HWAA has the potential to treat type 2 diabetes as a dietary supplement or as a source of antidiabetic agents, including quercetin and kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (P.R.F.); (P.H.); (Y.H.A.A.-W.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (P.R.F.); (P.H.); (Y.H.A.A.-W.)
| | - Patrick Harriott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (P.R.F.); (P.H.); (Y.H.A.A.-W.)
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (P.R.F.); (P.H.); (Y.H.A.A.-W.)
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Garcia-Oliveira P, Barral M, Carpena M, Gullón P, Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Traditional plants from Asteraceae family as potential candidates for functional food industry. Food Funct 2021; 12:2850-2873. [PMID: 33683253 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditional plants have been used in the treatment of disease and pain due to their beneficial properties such as antioxidant, antiinflammation, analgesic, and antibiotic activities. The Asteraceae family is one of the most common groups of plants used in folk medicine. The species Achillea millefolium, Arnica montana, Bellis perennis, Calendula officinalis, Chamaemelum nobile, Eupatorium cannabinum, Helichrysum stoechas, and Taraxacum officinale have been used in different remedies in Northwest Spain. Besides health benefits, some of them like C. nobile and H. stoechas are already employed in cooking and culinary uses, including cocktails, desserts, and savory dishes. This study aimed to review the current information on nutritive and beneficial properties and bioactive compounds of these plants, which are not mainly used as foods but are possible candidates for this purpose. The report highlights their current uses and suitability for the development of new functional food industrial applications. Phenolic compounds, essential oils, and sesquiterpene lactones are some of the most important compounds, being related to different bioactivities. Hence, they could be interesting for the development of new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Sandner G, König A, Wallner M, Weghuber J. Alternative model organisms for toxicological fingerprinting of relevant parameters in food and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5965-5982. [PMID: 33683153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of (food) toxicology, there is a strong trend of replacing animal trials with alternative methods for the assessment of adverse health effects in humans. The replacement of animal trials is not only driven by ethical concerns but also by the number of potential testing substances (food additives, packaging material, contaminants, and toxicants), which is steadily increasing. In vitro 2D cell culture applications in combination with in silico modeling might provide an applicable first response. However, those systems lack accurate predictions of metabolic actions. Thus, alternative in vivo models could fill the gap between cell culture and animal trials. In this review, we highlight relevant studies in the field and spotlight the applicability of alternative models, including C. elegans, D. rerio, Drosophila, HET-CAM and Lab-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Alice König
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Melanie Wallner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
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11
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Lee J, Noh S, Lim S, Kim B. Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:81. [PMID: 33435282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.
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12
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Lanzerstorfer P, Sandner G, Pitsch J, Mascher B, Aumiller T, Weghuber J. Acute, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of essential oils assessed with alternative in vitro and in vivo systems. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:673-91. [PMID: 33159585 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have attracted increased interest for different applications such as food preservatives, feed additives and ingredients in cosmetics. Due to their reported variable composition of components, they might be acutely toxic to humans and animals in small amounts. Despite the necessity, rigorous toxicity testing in terms of safety evaluation has not been reported so far, especially using alternatives to animal models. Here, we provide a strategy by use of alternative in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans, hen’s egg test) approaches for detailed investigation of the impact of commonly used rosemary, citrus and eucalyptus essential oil on acute, developmental and reproductive toxicity as well as on mucous membrane irritation. In general, all EOs under study exhibited a comparable impact on measured parameters, with a slightly increased toxic potential of rosemary oil. In vitro cell culture results indicated a concentration-dependent decrease of cell viability for all EOs, with mean IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 0.17% [v/v]. Similar results were obtained for the C. elegans model when using a sensitized bus-5 mutant strain, with a mean LC50 value of 0.42% [v/v]. In wild-type nematodes, approximately tenfold higher LC50 values were detected. C. elegans development and reproduction was already significantly inhibited at concentrations of 0.5% (wild-type) and 0.1% (bus-5) [v/v] of EO, respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of xenobiotic and oxidative stress genes such as cyp-14a3, gst-4, gpx-6 and sod-3. Furthermore, all three EOs under study showed an increased short-time mucous membrane irritation potential, already at 0.5% [v/v] of EO. Finally, GC–MS analysis was performed to quantitate the relative concentration of the most prominent EO compounds. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EOs can exhibit severe toxic properties, already at low concentrations. Therefore, a detailed toxicological assessment is highly recommended for each EO and single intended application.
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Stadlbauer V, Lanzerstorfer P, Neuhauser C, Weber F, Stübl F, Weber P, Wagner M, Plochberger B, Wieser S, Schneckenburger H, Weghuber J. Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation: High Throughput or High Content? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217964. [PMID: 33120934 PMCID: PMC7662403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the global rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in combination with insulin resistance, novel compounds to efficiently treat this pandemic disease are needed. Screening for compounds that induce the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in insulin-sensitive tissues is an innovative strategy. Here, we compared the applicability of three fluorescence microscopy-based assays optimized for the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation in simple cell systems. An objective-type scanning total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy approach was shown to have high sensitivity but only moderate throughput. Therefore, we implemented a prism-type TIR reader for the simultaneous analysis of large cell populations grown in adapted microtiter plates. This approach was found to be high throughput and have sufficient sensitivity for the characterization of insulin mimetic compounds in live cells. Finally, we applied confocal microscopy to giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) formed from GLUT4-expressing cells. While this assay has only limited throughput, it offers the advantage of being less sensitive to insulin mimetic compounds with high autofluorescence. In summary, the combined implementation of different fluorescence microscopy-based approaches enables the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation with high throughput and high content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Florian Weber
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (F.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Flora Stübl
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Petra Weber
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (F.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Stefan Wieser
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
| | - Herbert Schneckenburger
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
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Richter V, Lanzerstorfer P, Weghuber J, Schneckenburger H. Super-Resolution Live Cell Microscopy of Membrane-Proximal Fluorophores. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7099. [PMID: 32993061 PMCID: PMC7582769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a simple and robust experimental setup for the super-resolution live cell microscopy of membrane-proximal fluorophores, which is comparably easy to perform and to implement. The method is based on Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) with a switchable spatial light modulator (SLM) and exchangeable objective lenses for epi-illumination and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. While, in the case of SIM (upon epi-illumination), cell layers of about 1-2 µm in close proximity to the plasma membrane can be selected by software, layers in the 100 nm range are assessed experimentally by TIRF-SIM. To show the applicability of this approach, both methods are used to measure the translocation of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane upon stimulation by insulin or insulin-mimetic compounds, with a lateral resolution of around 100 nm and an axial resolution of around 200 nm. While SIM is an appropriate method to visualize the intracellular localization of GLUT4 fused with a green fluorescent protein, TIRF-SIM permits the quantitative evaluation of its fluorescence in the plasma membrane. These imaging methods are discussed in the context of fluorescence lifetime kinetics, providing additional data for the molecular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Richter
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, 373430 Aalen, Germany;
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria; (P.L.); (J.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria; (P.L.); (J.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Sandner G, Mueller AS, Zhou X, Stadlbauer V, Schwarzinger B, Schwarzinger C, Wenzel U, Maenner K, van der Klis JD, Hirtenlehner S, Aumiller T, Weghuber J. Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, C. elegans and Growing Broilers. Molecules 2020; 25:E835. [PMID: 32075045 PMCID: PMC7070719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and survival assays under heat stress conditions were carried out in various model systems, including Caco-2 cells, Caenorhabditis elegans and jejunum samples of broilers. Under heat stress conditions, ginseng treatment lowered the expression of HSPA1A (Caco-2) and the heat shock protein genes hsp-1 and hsp-16.2 (both in C. elegans), while all three of the tested genes encoding tight junction proteins, CLDN3, OCLN and CLDN1 (Caco-2), were upregulated. In addition, we observed prolonged survival under heat stress in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a better performance of growing ginseng-fed broilers by the increased gene expression of selected heat shock and tight junction proteins. The presence of ginseng extract resulted in a reduced decrease in transepithelial resistance under heat shock conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was performed to quantitate the most prominent ginsenosides in the extract used for this study, being Re, Rg1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. In conclusion, ginseng extract was found to be a suitable feed additive in animal nutrition to reduce the negative physiological effects caused by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Andreas S. Mueller
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Xiaodan Zhou
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, Austria 4040;
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, Austria 4040;
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Maenner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition of Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str.49, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jan Dirk van der Klis
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Stefan Hirtenlehner
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
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