1
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Wang B, Shi Y, Zhang H, Hu Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang F, Chen L. Influence of microorganisms on flavor substances and functional components of sojae semen praeparatum during fermentation: A study integrating comparative metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114405. [PMID: 38763659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Sojae semen praeparatum (SSP), a fermented product known for its distinctive flavor and medicinal properties, undergoes a complex fermentation process due to the action of various microorganisms. Despite its widespread use, the effect of these microorganisms on the flavor compounds and functional components of SSP remains poorly understood. This study aimed to shed light on this aspect by identifying 20 metabolites as potential key flavor substances in SSP. Moreover, glycine and lysine were identified as crucial flavor substances. Additionally, 24 metabolites were identified as key functional components. The dominant microorganisms involved in the fermentation process were examined, revealing six genera of fungi and 12 genera of bacteria. At the species level, 16 microorganisms were identified as dominant through metagenome sequencing. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a strong association between dominant microorganisms and both flavor substances and functional components. Furthermore, the study validated the significance of four core functional microorganisms in improving the flavor and quality of SSP. This comprehensive exploration of functional microorganisms of SSP on key flavor substances/functional components during SSP fermentation. The study findings serve as a valuable reference for enhancing the overall flavor and quality of SSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Quintela A, Santos MFC, de Lima RF, Mayer JLS, Marcheafave GG, Arruda MAZ, Tormena CF. Influence of Silver Nanoparticles on the Metabolites of Two Transgenic Soybean Varieties: An NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12281-12294. [PMID: 38747520 PMCID: PMC11140748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of AgNPs and AgNO3, at concentrations equivalent, on the production of primary and secondary metabolites on transgenic soybean plants through an NMR-based metabolomics. The plants were cultivated in a germination chamber following three different treatments: T0 (addition of water), T1 (addition of AgNPs), and T2 (addition of AgNO3). Physiological characteristics, anatomical analyses through microscopic structures, and metabolic profile studies were carried out to establish the effect of abiotic stress on these parameters in soybean plants. Analysis of the 1H NMR spectra revealed the presence of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and polyphenols. The metabolic profiles of plants with AgNP and AgNO3 were qualitatively similar to the metabolic profile of the control group, suggesting that the application of silver does not affect secondary metabolites. From the PCA, it was possible to differentiate the three treatments applied, mainly based on the content of fatty acids, pinitol, choline, and betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda
L. Quintela
- Physical
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
- Spectrometry,
Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F. C. Santos
- Physical
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F. de Lima
- Laboratory
of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana L. S. Mayer
- Laboratory
of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G. Marcheafave
- Institute
of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas,
UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Z. Arruda
- Spectrometry,
Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio F. Tormena
- Physical
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Yao L, Wang X, Nan Y, Liang H, Wang M, Song J, Chen X, Ma B. Exploring the chemical compositions of Fufang Yinhua Jiedu granules based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multistage intelligent data annotation strategy. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1728:465010. [PMID: 38821033 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fufang Yinhua Jiedu granules (FYJG) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound formulae preparation comprising ten herbal drugs, which has been widely used for the treatment of influenza with wind-heat type and upper respiratory tract infections. However, the phytochemical constituents of FYJG have rarely been reported, and its constituent composition still needs to be elucidated. The complexity of the natural ingredients of TCMs and the diversity of preparations are the major obstacles to fully characterizing their constituents. In this study, an innovative and intelligent analysis strategy was built to comprehensively characterize the constituents of FYJG and assign source attribution to all components. Firstly, a simple and highly efficient ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MSE) method was established to analyze the FYJG and ten single herbs. High-accuracy MS/MS data were acquired under two collision energies using high-definition MSE in the negative and positive modes. Secondly, a multistage intelligent data annotation strategy was developed and used to rapidly screen out and identify the compounds of FYJG, which was integrated with various online software and data processing platforms. The in-house chemical library of 2949 compounds was created and operated in the UNIFI software to enable automatic peak annotation of the MSE data. Then, the acquired MS data were processed by MS-DIAL, and a feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) was constructed on the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) to infer potential compositions of FYJG by rapidly classifying and visualizing. It was simultaneously using the MZmine software to recognize the source attribution of ingredients. On this basis, the unique chemical categories and characteristics of herbaceous plant species are utilized further to verify the accuracy of the source attribution of multi-components. This comprehensive analysis successfully identified or tentatively characterized 279 compounds in FYJG, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, lignans, and phenylethanoids. Notably, twelve indole alkaloids and four organic acids from Isatidis Folium were characterized in this formula for the first time. This study demonstrates a potential superiority to identify compounds in complex TCM formulas using high-definition MSE and computer software-assisted structural analysis tools, which can obtain high-quality MS/MS spectra, effectively distinguish isomers, and improve the coverage of trace components. This study elucidates the various components and sources of FYJG and provides a theoretical basis for its further clinical development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haizhen Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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4
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Cheng M, Qiang Y, Wu Y, Tong X, Tie Y, Sun Z, Guan S, Xu L, Xu P, Li X, Xue M, Zhou X. Multi-omic approaches provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of Sojae semen germinatum water extract against overactive bladder. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113746. [PMID: 38129051 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sojae semen germinatum (SSG) is derived from mature soybean seeds that have been germinated and dried, typically with sprouts measuring approximately 0.5 cm in length. SSG is traditionally known for its properties in clearing heat and moisture. Nevertheless, limited information was reported on the effects and mechanisms of SSG in alleviating urinary symptoms. This study employed urodynamic parameters to investigate the therapeutic effect of SSG water extract on overactive bladder (OAB) in the rat model with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Through a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, the pathways and key proteins of the SSG treatment for OAB were identified and validated by ELISA and Western blotting. Furthermore, network pharmacology elucidated the roles of SSG's isoflavones acting on the target which was identified by above-mentioned multi-omics analysis. Our results indicate that SSG water extract significantly mitigated OAB by down-regulating the PGE2/EP1/PLCβ2/p-MLC signaling pathway. It was speculated that the active ingredient in the SSG on EP1 was genistein. This study provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of SSG water extract, emphasizing the multi-target characteristics and critical pathways in improving OAB. Furthermore, this study contributes to the potential utilization of SSG as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yining Qiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shenghan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liping Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Pingxiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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5
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Xie J, Wang Y, Zhong R, Yuan Z, Du J, Huang J. Quality evaluation of Sojae Semen Praeparatum by HPLC combined with HS-GC-MS. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18767. [PMID: 37593616 PMCID: PMC10432166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sojae Semen Praeparatum is a popular fermented legume product in China, with a delicious flavour and health benefits. However, the quality control methods for Sojae Semen Praeparatum are now incomplete, and there are no standards for defining its degree of fermentation. In this study, we introduced colour, acid value, ethanol-soluble extractives and six flavonoid components' content to evaluate the quality of Sojae Semen Praeparatum comprehensively. Multiple linear regression was used to streamline the 11 evaluation indicators to 4 and confirm the evaluating feasibility of the four indicators. The degree of fermentation and odour of Sojae Semen Praeparatum were analyzed on headspace-gas chromatography-mass, and two types of odours, 'pungent' and 'unpleasant', could distinguish over-fermented Sojae Semen Praeparatum. Our research developed fermentation specifications and quality standards for Sojae Semen Praeparatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, China
| | - Rongrong Zhong
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, China
| | - Zhenshuang Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Du
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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6
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Semen Sojae Praeparatum improves anxiety in mice by inhibiting HPA axis hyperactivity and modulating gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang H, Lu L, Zhao C, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Pu Y, Wang S, Liu R, Yin L. Lipid metabolism disorders contribute to hepatotoxicity of ICR mice induced by nitrosamines exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107423. [PMID: 35908391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Health risks caused by crucial environmental carcinogens N-nitrosamines triggered ubiquitous attention. As the liver exerted vital function through metabolic process, lipid metabolism disorders have been confirmed as potential drivers for toxicological effects, and the mechanisms of lipid regulation related to hepatotoxicity induced by N-nitrosamines remained largely unclear. In this study, we comprehensively explored the disturbance of hepatic lipid homeostasis in mice induced by nitrosamines. The results implied that nitrosamines exposure induced hepatotoxicity accompanied by liver injury, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatic edema. Lipidomics profiling analysis indicated the decreased levels of phosphatidic acids (PA), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPC), lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG), the elevation of ceramides (Cer) and decomposition of free fatty acids (FFA) in high-dose nitrosamines exposure group. Importantly, nitrosamines exposure promoted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by facilitating fatty acid uptake and decomposition, together with the upregulation of genes associated with FAO accompanied by the activation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and NLRP3. Furthermore, fatty acid translocase CD36-mediated fatty acid oxidation was correlated with the enhancement of oxidative stress in the liver caused by nitrosamines exposure. Overall, our results contributed to the new strategies to interpret the early toxic effects of nitrosamines exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Li Y, Huang S, Sun J, Duan W, Li C, Peng G, Zheng Y. RRLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveal the Mechanism of Chemical Variations and Transformations of Astragali Radix as a Result of the Roasting Process. Front Chem 2022; 10:903168. [PMID: 35601547 PMCID: PMC9117700 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.903168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), which is extensively used as a healthy food supplement and medicinal herb, contains two forms of products corresponding to raw Astragalus Radix (RAR) and processed Astragali Radix (PAR), which was obtained by roasting. In this study, a non-targeted rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q/TOF-MS) based metabolomics approach was developed to investigate the chemical changes of AR due to roasting. A total of 63 compounds were identified or tentatively identified. Among them, 23 isoflavonoids (composed of 12 isoflavones, eight pterocarpans, and three isoflavans) and six cycloastragenols were characterized as differential metabolites. Heatmap visualization and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC–PDA-ELSD) quantitative analysis revealed that malonyl isoflavonoids or cycloastragenols were at higher levels in RAR. These might be converted to corresponding acetyl isoflavonoids and cycloastragenols and related isoflavonoid glycosides during roasting. To prove this prediction, chemical conversion experiments on malonyl isoflavonoids and cycloastragenols were performed to confirm and clarify the chemical transformation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenhui Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiping Duan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cunyu Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfeng Zheng,
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9
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Gu Y, Wei L, Liu Y, Luo Y, Tan T. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in Yinqiao Powder using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with data filtering strategy. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5392. [PMID: 35491476 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Yinqiao Powder is a classic and effective prescription for the treatment of many kinds of pneumonia in China. To date, the chemical constituents had not been uncovered. Comprehensive identification of chemical constituents provided a structure basis to discover the potential anti-pneumonia ingredients in Yinqiao Powder. In this paper, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis with diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filtering strategy were established and applied for the comprehensive chemical profiling of Yinqiao Powder, which simplified structure elucidation of chemical constituents in Yinqiao Powder. A total of 124 compounds, including 8 C6-C2 glucoside conjugates, 28 iridoid glycosides, 14 lignans, 21 phenylethanol glycosides, 20 triterpenoid saponins, 9 chlorogenic acids and 24 flavonoids were rapidly identified in Yinqiao Powder, and 32 of them were characterized by comparing their MS/MS data and retention time with reference standards. The results indicated that UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method coupled with data filtering strategy was feasible and rational to identify the complex chemical constituents of Yinqiao Powder, which would be conducive to discover the active ingredients of Yinqiao Powder for the treatment of pneumonia and establish its quality standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhe Gu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lele Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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10
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Li T, Zhang X, Zeng Y, Ren Y, Sun J, Yao R, Wang Y, Wang J, Huang Q. Semen Sojae Preparatum as a Traditional Chinese Medicine: Manufacturing Technology, Bioactive Compounds, Microbiology and Medicinal Function. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingna Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijia Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jilin Sun
- Sichuan Fuzheng Pharm Corporation, Chengdu, China
| | - Renchuan Yao
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine (Koji), China
| | - Yijie Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Yang X, Sun A, Boadi EO, Li J, He J, Gao XM, Chang YX. A Rapid High Throughput Vibration and Vortex-Assisted Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion for Simultaneous Extraction of Four Isoflavones for Quality Evaluation of Semen Sojae Praeparatum. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:590587. [PMID: 33214793 PMCID: PMC7665882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones (daidzein, daidzin, genistein and genistin) were main chemical components and usually selected as markers for quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicine semen sojae praeparatum (SSP). High throughput vibration and vortex-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion and high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection were developed to simultaneously extract and quantify four isoflavones in SSP. Some parameters influencing extraction efficiency of isoflavones by vortex-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion such as sorbent type, ratio of sample to sorbent, crushing time, vibration frequency, methanol concentration, eluting solvent volume and vortex time were optimized. It was found that the best extraction yields of four isoflavones were obtained when the sample (20 mg) and SBA-3 (40 mg) was crushed by ball mill machine for 2 min at vibration frequency of 800 times per minute. Methanol/water (1.5 ml, 8:2, v/v) solution was dropped into the treated sample and vortexed for 3 min. The recoveries of the four isoflavones ranged from 86.1 to 94.8% and all relative standard deviations were less than 5%. A good linearity (r > 0.9994) was achieved within the range 0.5-125 μg/ml. It was concluded that the high throughput vibration and vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was user-friendly extraction and quantification method of multiple isoflavones for quality evaluation of SSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Ali Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Evans Owusu Boadi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu-mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Structural Identification and Conversion Analysis of Malonyl Isoflavonoid Glycosides in Astragali Radix by HPLC Coupled with ESI-Q TOF/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213929. [PMID: 31683508 PMCID: PMC6864771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four malonyl isoflavonoid glycosides (MIGs), a type of isoflavonoid with poor structural stability, were efficiently isolated and purified from Astragali Radix by a medium pressure ODS C18 column chromatography. The structures of the four compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and literature analysis. Their major diagnostic fragment ions and fragmentation pathways were proposed in ESI/Q-TOF/MS positive mode. Using a target precursor ions scan, a total of 26 isoflavonoid compounds, including eleven malonyl isoflavonoid glycosides coupled with eight related isoflavonoid glycosides and seven aglycones were characterized from the methanolic extract of Astragali Radix. To clarify the relationship of MIGs and the ratio of transformation in Astragali Radix under different extraction conditions, two MIGs (calycosin-7-O-glycoside-6″-O-malonate and formononetin-7-O-glycoside-6″-O-malonate) coupled with related glycosides (calycosin-7-O-glycoside and formononetin-7-O-glycoside) and aglycones (calycosin and formononetin) were detected by a comprehensive HPLC-UV method. Results showed that MIGs could convert into related glycosides under elevated temperature conditions, which was further confirmed by the conversion experiment of MIGs reference compounds. Moreover, the total contents of MIGs and related glycosides displayed no obvious change during the long-duration extraction. These findings indicated that the quality of Astragali Radix could be evaluated efficiently and accurately by using the total content of MIGs and related glycosides as the quality index.
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Multi-Evaluating Strategy for Siji-kangbingdu Mixture: Chemical Profiling, Fingerprint Characterization, and Quantitative Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193545. [PMID: 31574981 PMCID: PMC6804210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Siji-kangbingdu mixture is an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral herbal mixture which is frequently used by doctors to treat upper respiratory infections. It's important to establish an efficient and economical quality-control method to ensure the quality consistency and efficacy stability of Siji-kangbingdu mixture. In this study, an integrated multi-evaluation method was established, sequentially involving UPLC-TripleTOF-MS analysis, UPLC fingerprint analysis, and the quantitative analysis of multi-components using the single-marker (QAMS) method. With one chromatographic condition, a total of 71 compounds were identified by MS and MS/MS information, with a mass error of less than 5 ppm; 49 peaks detected in 254 nm were selected to establish the fingerprint similarity model, and 7 chemical compounds were simultaneously determined, namely, chlorogenic acid, liquiritin, rutin, isochlorogenic acid A, forsythin, forsythoside A, and glycyrrhizic acid, with forsythoside A as the reference standard. There was no significant difference in the content of the seven compounds between the QAMS method and the external standard method (ESM). The established multi-evaluation method will largely promote the quality control and standardization process of Siji-kangbingdu mixture. It also provides a reference workflow for the overall evaluation of TCM patent medicines, from chemical profiling to fingerprint and quantitative analysis.
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