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Improving Antimicrobial Activity and Physico-Chemical Properties by Isosteric Replacement of 2-Aminothiazole with 2-Aminooxazole. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050580. [PMID: 35631406 PMCID: PMC9143880 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug resistance is currently one of the most critical health issues. Pathogens resistant to last-resort antibiotics are increasing, and very few effective antibacterial agents have been introduced in recent years. The promising drug candidates are often discontinued in the primary stages of the drug discovery pipeline due to their unspecific reactivity (PAINS), toxicity, insufficient stability, or low water solubility. In this work, we investigated a series of substituted N-oxazolyl- and N-thiazolylcarboxamides of various pyridinecarboxylic acids. Final compounds were tested against several microbial species. In general, oxazole-containing compounds showed high activity against mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis (best MICH37Ra = 3.13 µg/mL), including the multidrug-resistant strains. Promising activities against various bacterial and fungal strains were also observed. None of the compounds was significantly cytotoxic against the HepG2 cell line. Experimental measurement of lipophilicity parameter log k’w and water solubility (log S) confirmed significantly (typically two orders in logarithmic scale) increased hydrophilicity/water solubility of oxazole derivatives in comparison with their thiazole isosteres. Mycobacterial β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH) was suggested as a probable target by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pagacz-Kostrzewa M, Mucha K, Gul W, Wierzejewska M. FTIR spectroscopic evidence for new isomers of 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid formed in argon matrices upon UV irradiations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120158. [PMID: 34274637 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The UV-induced photochemistry and molecular structure of 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid were studied in argon matrices by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) calculations. Out of seventeen possible isomers of this molecule located on the singlet potential energy surface the most stable one, APA1 comprising intramolecular O-H···N and N-H···O hydrogen bonds, was detected experimentally in the matrix after deposition. Two new conformers APA2 and APA3 were generated upon irradiation with λ = 280 nm by trans/cis-COOH isomerization and at λ = 360 nm by COOH group rotamerization, respectively, whereas an amino-imino tautomerization leading to IPA1 and IPA2 structures occurred at λ = 305 nm. The reverse reactions were also observed upon irradiation of the matrices at 265, 230 and 400 nm. Simultaneously with the photoisomerizations, a cleavage of the pyrazine ring along with CO2 elimination was observed leading to the formation of carbodiimide and cyanamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pagacz-Kostrzewa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - K Mucha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - W Gul
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Wierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Juhás M, Pallabothula VSK, Grabrijan K, Šimovičová M, Janďourek O, Konečná K, Bárta P, Paterová P, Gobec S, Sosič I, Zitko J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted 3-amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides as inhibitors of mycobacterial methionine aminopeptidase 1. Bioorg Chem 2021; 118:105489. [PMID: 34826708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the number one cause of deaths due to a single infectious agent worldwide. The treatment of TB is lengthy and often complicated by the increasing drug resistance. New compounds with new mechanisms of action are therefore needed. We present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrazine-based inhibitors of a prominent antimycobacterial drug target - mycobacterial methionine aminopeptidase 1 (MtMetAP1). The inhibitory activities of the presented compounds were evaluated against the MtMetAP1a isoform, and all derivatives were tested against a broad spectrum of myco(bacteria) and fungi. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was also investigated using Hep G2 cell lines. Overall, high inhibition of the isolated enzyme was observed for 3-substituted N-(thiazol-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides, particularly when the substituent was represented by 2-substituted benzamide. The extent of inhibition was strongly dependent on the used metal cofactor. The highest inhibition was seen in the presence of Ni2+. Several compounds also showed mediocre in vitro potency against Mtb (both Mtb H37Ra and H37Rv). Despite the structural similarities of bacterial and fungal MetAP1 to mycobacterial MtMetAP1, title compounds did not exert antibacterial nor antifungal activity. The reasons behind the higher activity of 2-substituted benzamido derivatives, as well as the correlation of enzyme inhibition with the in vitro growth inhibition activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Juhás
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vinod S K Pallabothula
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Katarina Grabrijan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martina Šimovičová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Janďourek
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Konečná
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Bárta
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Paterová
- University Hospital Hradec Králové, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Izidor Sosič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jan Zitko
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Bouz G, Bouz S, Janďourek O, Konečná K, Bárta P, Vinšová J, Doležal M, Zitko J. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Modeling of N-Substituted Quinoxaline-2-Carboxamides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080768. [PMID: 34451864 PMCID: PMC8399443 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the established treatment regimens, tuberculosis remains an alarming threat to public health according to WHO. Novel agents are needed to overcome the increasing rate of resistance and perhaps achieve eradication. As part of our long-term research on pyrazine derived compounds, we prepared a series of their ortho fused derivatives, N-phenyl- and N-benzyl quinoxaline-2-carboxamides, and evaluated their in vitro antimycobacterial activity. In vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (represented by minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) ranged between 3.91–500 µg/mL, with most compounds having moderate to good activities (MIC < 15.625 µg/mL). The majority of the active compounds belonged to the N-benzyl group. In addition to antimycobacterial activity assessment, final compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity. N-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxamide (compound 29) was identified as a potential antineoplastic agent with selective cytotoxicity against hepatic (HepG2), ovarian (SK-OV-3), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells lines. Molecular docking showed that human DNA topoisomerase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor could be potential targets for 29.
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