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Boateng ID. Recent advances incombined Avant-garde technologies (thermal-thermal, non-thermal-non-thermal, and thermal-non-thermal matrix) to extract polyphenols from agro byproducts. J Food Drug Anal 2023; 31:552-582. [PMID: 38526817 PMCID: PMC10962677 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Because food byproducts (waste) are rich in phytoconstituents, valorizing them is crucial for global food security. However, conventional extraction (CE), including decoction, maceration, Soxhlet, etc., for agro byproducts' polyphenol extraction are time-consuming and rely significantly on vast volumes of potentially aggressive solvents. Hence, Avantgarde extraction technologies, including non-thermal (high hydrostatic pressure (HHPE), pulsed-electric field (PEF), high voltage electrical discharges (HVED), etc.) and thermal extraction (supercritical fluid (SCF), subcritical water extraction (SWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), etc.), as well as their thermal combinations (SCF-PLE, SCCO2-SWE, SCCO2-MAE, etc.), non-thermal combinations (HHPE + UAE, PEF + UAE, HVED + UAE, etc.) and combined thermalnon-thermal (MAE-UAE, etc.) are increasingly replacing CE. However, a review of combined Avant-garde extraction escalation technologies (non-thermal/thermal extraction matrix) for extracting polyphenols from agro-byproducts is limited. Hence, this manuscript reviewed Avant-garde extraction technologies (non-thermal/thermal extraction matrix) for extracting phenolics from agro-byproducts in the last 5 years. The key factors affecting polyphenols' extraction from the byproduct, the recent applications of Avant-garde technologies, and their principle were reviewed using databases from Web of Science and Lens.org. The results demonstrated that combined Avant-garde extraction escalation technologies increase extractability, resulting in polyphenols with higher extraction rates, fewer contaminants, and preservation of thermosensitive components. Therefore, combined Avant-garde extraction technologies should be explored over the next five years. Implementing an integrated process and the strategic sequencing of diverse Avant-garde extraction technologies are important. Thus, further investigation is required to explore the sequencing process and its potential impact on the extraction of phenolics from agro-byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Duah Boateng
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211,
USA
- Certified Group, 199 W Rhapsody Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78216,
USA
- Kumasi Cheshire Home, Off Edwenase Road, Kumasi,
Ghana
- Organization of African Academic Doctors, PO Box 25305-00100, Nairobi,
Kenya
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Fletes-Vargas G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Pacheco N, Pérez-Larios A, Espinosa-Andrews H. Evaluation of the Biological Properties of an Optimized Extract of Polygonum cuspidatum Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104079. [PMID: 37241822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants that have potential health benefits such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and immune reinforcement. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. is a source rich in resveratrol, traditionally consumed as an infusion. In this study, P. cuspidatum root extraction conditions were optimized to increase antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS+), extraction yield, resveratrol concentration, and total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) via ultrasonic-assisted extraction using a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The biological activities of the optimized extract and the infusion were compared. The optimized extract was obtained using a solvent/root powder ratio of 4, 60% ethanol concentration, and 60% ultrasonic power. The optimized extract showed higher biological activities than the infusion. The optimized extract contained 16.6 mg mL-1 resveratrol, high antioxidant activities (135.1 µg TE mL-1 for DPPH, and 230.4 µg TE mL-1 for ABTS+), TPC (33.2 mg GAE mL-1), and extraction yield of 12.4%. The EC50 value (effective concentration 50) of the optimized extract was 0.194 µg mL-1, which revealed high cytotoxic activity against the Caco-2 cell line. The optimized extract could be used to develop functional beverages with high antioxidant capacity, antioxidants for edible oils, functional foods, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fletes-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingenierías, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Mexico
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 45019, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 45019, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUVALLES), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca 46600, Mexico
| | - Neith Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco CIATEJ, A.C. Subsede Sureste, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida 97302, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Larios
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingenierías, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Mexico
| | - Hugo Espinosa-Andrews
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 45019, Mexico
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Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of the Biosorption Process from Copper-Containing Wastewater. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010444. [PMID: 36615635 PMCID: PMC9823698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper-containing wastewater is a significant problem in the water industry. In this work, biosorption of copper ions on alginate beads have been considered as a promising solution. The effective diffusion coefficient De is the parameter describing the diffusion of copper ions in calcium alginate granules. Granules with a wide spectrum of alginate content from several to several dozen percent (0.6-20%) were tested. The granules with an alginate content of 20% were produced by a new method. The conductometric method was used to determine De. The study determined the De values depending on the process parameters (temperature and pH of copper solutions) and the alginate content in the granules. The RSM method was used to analyze the obtained results. The conducted research proved that all analyzed factors significantly affect the value of the diffusion coefficient (R2 = 0.98). The optimum operating conditions for biosorption of copper ions from CuCl2 salt, on alginate beads obtained by RSM were as follows: 0.57% of alginate content in the granules, temperature of 60.2 °C, and pH of 2. The maximum value of De was found to be 2.42·10-9 m2/s.
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Senila L, Scurtu DA, Kovacs E, Levei EA, Cadar O, Becze A, Varaticeanu C. High-Pressure Supercritical CO 2 Pretreatment of Apple Orchard Waste for Carbohydrates Production Using Response Surface Methodology and Method Uncertainty Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227783. [PMID: 36431882 PMCID: PMC9692898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin after high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide pretreatment for further valorization. The study investigated the supercritical carbon dioxide pretreatment of apple orchard waste at temperatures of 160-200 °C, for 15-45 min, at a pressure of 10 MPa. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the supercritical process and to improve its efficiency. The change of functional groups during different pretreatment conditions was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structural changes in the biomass structure before and after pretreatment. A new ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) method was developed and validated for the determination of carbohydrates in the liquid fraction that resulted after pretreatment. The estimated uncertainty of the method ranged from 16.9 to 20.8%. The pre-treatment of high-pressure supercritical CO2 appears to be an effective and promising technique for the recovery of sugars and secondary by-products without the use of toxic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420-590
| | - Daniela Alexandra Scurtu
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Becze
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cerasel Varaticeanu
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development for Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Gil-Martín E, Forbes-Hernández T, Romero A, Cianciosi D, Giampieri F, Battino M. Influence of the extraction method on the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from food industry by-products. Food Chem 2021; 378:131918. [PMID: 35085901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agro-foodindustries generate colossal amounts of non-edible waste and by-products, easily accessible as raw materials for up-cycling active phytochemicals. Phenolic compounds are particularly relevant in this field given their abundance in plant residues and the market interest of their functionalities (e.g. natural antioxidant activity) as part of nutraceutical, cosmetological and biomedical formulations. In "bench-to-bedside" achievements, sample extraction is essential because valorization benefits from matrix desorption and solubilization of targeted phytocompounds. Specifically, the composition and polarity of the extractant, the optimal sample particle size and sample:solvent ratio, as well as pH, pressure and temperature are strategic for the release and stability of mobilized species. On the other hand, current green chemistry environmental rules require extraction approaches that eliminate polluting consumables and reduce energy needs. Thus, the following pages provide an update on advanced technologies for the sustainable and efficient recovery of phenolics from plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Tamara Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-product Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Research group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Fadjare Frempong T, Owusu Boadi N, Badu M. Optimization of extraction conditions for polyphenols from the stem bark of Funtumia elastica (Funtum) utilizing response surface methodology. AAS Open Res 2021; 4:46. [PMID: 34632271 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13284.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recovery of phenolic compounds is seen as an arduous task because phenolic compounds are available as free aglycones, as sugar or ester conjugates, or as polymers with several monomeric components. This study looks at the optimization of factors that affect the efficiency for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the stem-bark of Funtumia elastica. METHODS Five independent variables (solvent concentration, time, the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and pH) of the extraction process were selected. Single factor analysis as well as the response surface method was used to evaluate the impact of the selected factors on the total phenolic content. The effect of the extraction factors on the phenolic content was tested for its statistical significant (p <0.05). For the response surface method, a five/factor, five/level central composite design was used, and a fitted second-order polynomial regression model equation was used to show how the extraction parameters affected the total phenolic recovery. RESULTS The predicted value (R² of 0.5917) agreed with the adjusted value (R² of 0.7707). The residuals for response predictions were less than 5%. The optimal factors for the extraction were ethanol concentration of 75.99% v/v, extraction time of 193.86 minutes, temperature of 63.66°C, pH of 5.62, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:21.12 g/mL. Actual overall content of the phenolic compounds was validated at 82.83 ± 3.335 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /g weight of extract, which agreed with the predicted response of 89.467 mg GAE/g of the dried extract under the optimal factors. CONCLUSIONS The rich phenolic content of stem-bark of Funtumia elastica points to its potential as a functional medicinal product to alleviate diseases caused by oxidative stress such as asthma, breathing disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. The results obtained indicate that, the studied optimal conditions support effective phenolics extraction of Funtumia elastica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus Fadjare Frempong
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Nathaniel Owusu Boadi
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Mercy Badu
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
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Fadjare Frempong T, Owusu Boadi N, Badu M. Optimization of extraction conditions for polyphenols from the stem bark of Funtumia elastica (Funtum) utilizing response surface methodology. AAS Open Res 2021; 4:46. [PMID: 34632271 PMCID: PMC8479850 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13284.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The recovery of phenolic compounds is seen as an arduous task because phenolic compounds are available as free aglycones, as sugar or ester conjugates, or as polymers with several monomeric components. This study looks at the optimization of factors that affect the efficiency for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the stem-bark of Funtumia elastica. Methods: Five independent variables (solvent concentration, time, the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and pH) of the extraction process were selected. Single factor analysis as well as the response surface method was used to evaluate the impact of the selected factors on the total phenolic content. The effect of the extraction factors on the phenolic content was tested for its statistical significant (p <0.05). For the response surface method, a five/factor, five/level central composite design was used, and a fitted second-order polynomial regression model equation was used to show how the extraction parameters affected the total phenolic recovery. Results: The predicted value (R² of 0.5917) agreed with the adjusted value (R² of 0.7707). The residuals for response predictions were less than 5%. The optimal factors for the extraction were ethanol concentration of 75.99% v/v, extraction time of 193.86 minutes, temperature of 63.66°C, pH of 5.62, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:21.12 g/mL. Actual overall content of the phenolic compounds was validated at 82.83 ± 3.335 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /g weight of extract, which agreed with the predicted response of 89.467 mg GAE/g of the dried extract under the optimal factors. Conclusions: The rich phenolic content of stem-bark of Funtumia elastica points to its potential as a functional medicinal product to alleviate diseases caused by oxidative stress such as asthma, breathing disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. The results obtained indicate that, the studied optimal conditions support effective phenolics extraction of Funtumia elastica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus Fadjare Frempong
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Nathaniel Owusu Boadi
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Mercy Badu
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
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Gam DH, Hong JW, Kim JH, Kim JW. Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051231. [PMID: 33669031 PMCID: PMC7956768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for simultaneous optimization of dependent variables, including DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) of peanut shell extracts. The effects of the main variables including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min, X1), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C, X2), and ethanol concentration (0.0%~99.5%, X3) were optimized. Based on experimental values from each condition, quadratic regression models were derived for the prediction of optimum conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variable was in the range of 0.89~0.96, which demonstrates that the regression model is suitable for the prediction. In predicting optimal UAE conditions based on the superimposing method, extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 36.6 °C, and ethanol concentration of 93.2% were identified. Under these conditions, RSA of 74.9%, TAI of 50.6%, and CAI of 86.8% were predicted, showing good agreement with the experimental values. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that peanut shell extract decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genes in B16-F0 cell. Therefore, we identified the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of peanut shell extracts at protein as well as gene expression levels, and the results show that peanut shell is an effective cosmetic material for skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Based on this study, peanut shell, which was considered a byproduct, can be used for the development of healthy foods, medicines, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Gam
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ji Woo Hong
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jun Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea; (D.H.G.); (J.W.H.); (J.H.K.)
- FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea
- Center for Next-Generation Semiconductor Technology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2226
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