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Augustynowicz D, Lemieszek MK, Strawa JW, Wiater A, Tomczyk M. Phytochemical Profiling of Extracts from Rare Potentilla Species and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054836. [PMID: 36902263 PMCID: PMC10002591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the common use of Potentilla L. species (Rosaceae) as herbal medicines, a number of species still remain unexplored. Thus, the present study is a continuation of a study evaluating the phytochemical and biological profiles of aqueous acetone extracts from selected Potentilla species. Altogether, 10 aqueous acetone extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of P. aurea (PAU7), P. erecta (PER7), P. hyparctica (PHY7), P. megalantha (PME7), P. nepalensis (PNE7), P. pensylvanica (PPE7), P. pulcherrima (PPU7), P. rigoi (PRI7), and P. thuringiaca (PTH7), leaves of P. fruticosa (PFR7), as well as from the underground parts of P. alba (PAL7r) and P. erecta (PER7r). The phytochemical evaluation consisted of selected colourimetric methods, including total phenolic (TPC), tannin (TTC), proanthocyanidin (TPrC), phenolic acid (TPAC), and flavonoid (TFC) contents, as well as determination of the qualitative secondary metabolite composition by the employment of LC-HRMS (liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis. The biological assessment included an evaluation of the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative properties of the extracts against human colon epithelial cell line CCD841 CoN and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180. The highest TPC, TTC, and TPAC were found in PER7r (326.28 and 269.79 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract and 263.54 mg caffeic acid equivalents (CAE)/g extract, respectively). The highest TPrC was found in PAL7r (72.63 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g extract), and the highest TFC was found in PHY7 (113.29 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g extract). The LC-HRMS analysis showed the presence of a total of 198 compounds, including agrimoniin, pedunculagin, astragalin, ellagic acid, and tiliroside. An examination of the anticancer properties revealed the highest decrease in colon cancer cell viability in response to PAL7r (IC50 = 82 µg/mL), while the strongest antiproliferative effect was observed in LS180 treated with PFR7 (IC50 = 50 µg/mL) and PAL7r (IC50 = 52 µg/mL). An LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay revealed that most of the extracts were not cytotoxic against colon epithelial cells. At the same time, the tested extracts for the whole range of concentrations damaged the membranes of colon cancer cells. The highest cytotoxicity was observed for PAL7r, which in concentrations from 25 to 250 µg/mL increased LDH levels by 145.7% and 479.0%, respectively. The previously and currently obtained results indicated that some aqueous acetone extracts from Potentilla species have anticancer potential and thus encourage further studies in order to develop a new efficient and safe therapeutic strategy for people who have been threatened by or suffered from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Augustynowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Kinga Lemieszek
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, ul. Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Władysław Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-94
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Sandhu PK, Leonard E, Nandula V, Tharayil N. Global Metabolome of Palmer Amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri) Populations Highlights the Specificity and Inducibility of Phytochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3518-3530. [PMID: 36780332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Commonalities in adaptive responses to abiotic stressors could contribute to the development of cross-resistance in weeds. The degree to which herbicide-induced changes in weeds parallel those induced by other abiotic stress remains unknown. We investigated the specificity of metabolic perturbations induced by glyphosate and drought across three glyphosate-resistant (GR) and two glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotypes of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) using global metabolomics approaches. Compared to GS-biotypes, in the absence of stress, the GR-biotypes had a higher abundance of primary metabolites, including sugars, nonaromatic amino acids, and organic acids. However, despite having a higher 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene copy number that could upregulate the phenylpropanoid metabolism, the nonstressed GR-biotypes were less abundant in specialized (secondary) metabolites. Under glyphosate stress, 80% of metabolites, including shikimate, that accumulated in GS-biotypes also increased in the GR-biotypes. However, glyphosate triggered the preferential accumulation of glycosides of dihydroxylated and methoxylated flavanols with higher antioxidant potential, and ferulic acid derivatives, specifically in GR-biotypes. The disruption of the shikimate pathway and the accumulation of phenylpropanoids upon glyphosate exposure suggest that the stress response of GR-biotypes could be partly induced. This differential response was less evident in other phytochemical classes and under drought, highlighting that the phytochemical responses are stress-specific rather than biotype-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanjit Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Elizabeth Leonard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Vijay Nandula
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Kansas City, Missouri 64105, United States
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Augustynowicz D, Lemieszek MK, Strawa JW, Wiater A, Tomczyk M. Anticancer potential of acetone extracts from selected Potentilla species against human colorectal cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027315. [PMID: 36249795 PMCID: PMC9556846 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinquefoils have been widely used in local folk medicine in Europe and Asia to manage various gastrointestinal inflammations and/or infections, certain forms of cancer, thyroid gland disorders, and wound healing. In the present paper, acetone extracts from aerial parts of selected Potentilla species, namely P. alba (PAL7), P. argentea (PAR7), P. grandiflora (PGR7), P. norvegica (PN7), P. recta (PRE7), and the closely related Drymocalis rupestris (syn. P. rupestris) (PRU7), were analysed for their cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities against human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180 and human colon epithelial cell line CCD841 CoN. Moreover, quantitative assessments of the total polyphenolic (TPC), total tannin (TTC), total proanthocyanidins (TPrC), total flavonoid (TFC), and total phenolic acid (TPAC) were conducted. The analysis of secondary metabolite composition was carried out by LC-PDA-HRMS. The highest TPC and TTC were found in PAR7 (339.72 and 246.92 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract, respectively) and PN7 (332.11 and 252.3 mg GAE/g extract, respectively). The highest TPrC, TFC, and TPAC levels were found for PAL7 (21.28 mg catechin equivalents (CAT)/g extract, 71.85 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g extract, and 124.18 mg caffeic acid equivalents (CAE)/g extract, respectively). LC-PDA-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 83 compounds, including brevifolincarboxylic acid, ellagic acid, pedunculagin, agrimoniin, chlorogenic acid, astragalin, and tiliroside. Moreover, the presence of tri-coumaroyl spermidine was demonstrated for the first time in the genus Potentilla. Results of the MTT assay revealed that all tested extracts decreased the viability of both cell lines; however, a markedly stronger effect was observed in the colon cancer cells. The highest selectivity was demonstrated by PAR7, which effectively inhibited the metabolic activity of LS180 cells (IC50 = 38 μg/ml), while at the same time causing the lowest unwanted effects in CCD841 CoN cells (IC50 = 1,134 μg/ml). BrdU assay revealed a significant decrease in DNA synthesis in both examined cell lines in response to all investigated extracts. It should be emphasized that the tested extracts had a stronger effect on colon cancer cells than normal colon cells, and the most significant antiproliferative properties were observed in the case of PAR7 (IC50 LS180 = 174 μg/ml) and PN7 (IC50 LS180 = 169 μg/ml). The results of LDH assay revealed that all tested extracts were not cytotoxic against normal colon epithelial cells, whereas in the cancer cells, all compounds significantly damaged cell membranes, and the observed effect was dose-dependent. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in LS180 cells in response to PAR7, which, in concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 μg/ml, increased LDH release by 110%–1,062%, respectively. Performed studies have revealed that all Potentilla species may be useful sources for anti-colorectal cancer agents; however, additional research is required to prove this definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michał Tomczyk,
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Prunus lusitanica L. Fruits as a Novel Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Potential: Exploring the Unknown. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091738. [PMID: 36139810 PMCID: PMC9495831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus lusitanica L., also known as Portuguese laurel or locally known as ‘azereiro’, is a rare species with ornamental and ecological value. Only two studies regarding the bioactivity and chemical composition of its leaves were reported to date. Thus, the present study aims to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the phenolic profile, through HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry), as well as the radical scavenging capacity, through ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl), and the reducing power (FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays, of P. lusitanica fruits during a 4-year study. In total, 28 compounds were identified and quantified in the fruits, including 21 hydroxycinnamic acids (60.3%); 2 flavan-3-ols (27.9%), 2 anthocyanins (10.5%), 2 flavonols (1.0%), and 1 secoiridoid (0.3%). High antioxidant capacity was observed, with ABTS values ranging from 7.88 to 10.69 mmol TE (Trolox equivalents)/100 g fw (fresh weight), DPPH values from 5.18 to 8.17 mmol TE/100 g fw, and FRAP values from 8.76 to 11.76 mmol TE/100 g fw. According to these results, it can be concluded that these are rich sources of phenolic compounds with very promising antioxidant capacity and, therefore, with potential applications in the food and/or phytopharmaceutical sectors.
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Kongdang P, Dukaew N, Pruksakorn D, Koonrungsesomboon N. Biochemistry of Amaranthus polyphenols and their potential benefits on gut ecosystem: A comprehensive review of the literature. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114547. [PMID: 34425138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Amaranthus is phytonutrients-rich plant distributed worldwide and has been recognized as having medicinal value in traditional use against several diseases and conditions. There are a large amount of research data on the polyphenol profiles of Amaranthus plants and their links with potential benefits against gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review article aims to provide a comprehensive review of Amaranthus phenolic compounds and their microbial metabolites, as well as the biological and/or pharmacological effects of those compounds/metabolites. METHODOLOGY The relevant information about the genus Amaranthus was collected from various sources and databases, including Google Scholar, Google Books, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and other internet sources. The World Flora Online (2021) database was used to verify the scientific names of the plants. RESULTS Comprehensive review of identified compounds in Amaranthus plants revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins in each part of the plants. The biotransformation by gut microbiota enzymes prominently produces diverse bioactive metabolites that are potentially active than their precursors. Lines of the evidence support the beneficial roles of Amaranthus extracts in several gastrointestinal diseases, particularly with the polar extracts of several plant parts. Dietary fibers in Amaranthus plants also coordinate the alteration of gut microbiota-related metabolisms and may be beneficial to certain gastrointestinal disorders in particular, such as constipation. CONCLUSIONS Amaranthus plants are rich in polyphenols and dietary fibers. Several microbial metabolites are biologically active, so alteration of gut microbiota is largely linked to the metabolic feature of the plants. Based on the evidence available to date, several Amaranthus plants containing a combination of phytonutrients, particularly polyphenols and dietary fibers, may be a promising candidate that is of interest to be further developed for use in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal conditions/disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patiwat Kongdang
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Nahathai Dukaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Mashitoa FM, Shoko T, Shai JL, Slabbert RM, Sivakumar D. Changes in Phenolic Metabolites and Biological Activities of Pumpkin Leaves ( Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.) During Blanching. Front Nutr 2021; 8:641939. [PMID: 33791332 PMCID: PMC8005549 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.641939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.) are popularly consumed in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Blanching the leaves before drying is a method of preservation during off-season. In this study, different blanching treatments and media are used to test the changes in non-targeted phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS activity), in vitro α-glucosidase activity and cell cytotoxicity of pumpkin leaves. Steam blanching in plain water led to the highest retention of total phenolic content and reduced the loss of quercetin 3-glucoside 7-rhamnoside (Rutin), kaempferol 7-neohesperidoside, isoorientin 2″-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, coumaroyl glucaric acid, isorhamnetin-3-galactoside-6″-rhamnoside, 2-caffeoylisocitric acid, quercetin 3-galactoside 7-rhamnoside by (3.04%), (7.37%), (10.65%), (10.97%), (14.88%), (16.1%), (16.73%), (18.88%), and (23.15%), respectively, and coumaroyl isocitrate increased by 14.92%. Candidate markers, 2-O-caffeoylglucaric acid, 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactaric acid, quercetin 3-galactoside 7-rhamnoside (rutin) and unidentified compounds ([(M-H) 677.28 and at RT 21.78] were responsible for the separation of the steam blanched samples in plain water from the other blanching treatments. Steam blanching in plain water increased the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS activity). There were no cytotoxic effect or inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase activity detected in the raw or blanched pumpkin leaves. Thus, this study recommends steam blanching in plain water for African cuisine, and confirms it is safe to consume pumpkin leaves frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence M Mashitoa
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tinotenda Shoko
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerry L Shai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Retha M Slabbert
- Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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