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Dobó M, Dombi G, Köteles I, Fiser B, Kis C, Szabó ZI, Tóth G. Simultaneous Determination of Enantiomeric Purity and Organic Impurities of Dexketoprofen Using Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Enhancing Enantioselectivity through Hysteretic Behavior and Temperature-Dependent Enantiomer Elution Order Reversal on Polysaccharide Chiral Stationary Phases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2697. [PMID: 38473945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the potential impurities of dexketoprofen, including the distomer R-ketoprofen. After screening the separation capability of four polysaccharide columns (Lux Amylose-1, Lux Amylose-2, Lux Cellulose-1 and Lux Cellulose-2) in polar organic and in reversed-phase modes, appropriate enantioseparation was observed only on the Lux Amylose-2 column in an acidified acetonitrile/water mixture. A detailed investigation of the mobile phase composition and temperature for enantio- and chemoselectivity showed many unexpected observations. It was observed that both the resolution and the enantiomer elution order can be fine-tuned by varying the temperature and mobile phase composition. Moreover, hysteresis of the retention times and enantioselectivity was also observed in reversed-phase mode using methanol/water mixtures on amylose-type columns. This could indicate that the three-dimensional structure of the amylose column can change by transitioning from a polar organic to a reversed-phase mode, which affects the enantioseparation process. Temperature-dependent enantiomer elution order and rare enthalpic/entropic controlled enantioseparation in the operative temperature range were also observed in reversed-phase mode. To find the best methodological conditions for the determination of dexketoprofen impurities, a full factorial optimization design was performed. Using the optimized parameters (Lux Amylose-2 column with water/acetonitrile/acetic acid 50/50/0.1 (v/v/v) at a 1 mL/min flow rate at 20 °C), baseline separations were achieved between all compounds within 15 min. Our newly developed HPLC method was validated according to the current guidelines, and its application was tested on commercially available pharmaceutical formulations. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to report hysteretic behavior on polysaccharide columns in reversed-phase mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Dobó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hogyes 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Dombi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hogyes 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Köteles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hogyes 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 19, 41390 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Béla Fiser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Ferenc Rakoczi II. Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, 90200 Beregszasz, Ukraine
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-149 Lodz, Poland
| | - Csenge Kis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Sz-imfidum Ltd., Lunga nr. 504, 525401 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hogyes 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
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Cao S, Zhou Y, Ma Q, Zhang J, Wang Z. Experimental and computational studies of enantioseparation of three profen enantiomers with a focus on quantification of the enantiomeric impurities present in the corresponding enantiopure S-profen drugs. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tai HC, Lin Z, Fabiano A, Zhou Y, Saurer EM, Ye YK, He BL. Evaluation of Chiral Normal-Phase Liquid Chromatography as a Secondary Tier in Pharmaceutical Chiral Screening Strategy. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Comparative Chiral Separation of Thalidomide Class of Drugs Using Polysaccharide-Type Stationary Phases with Emphasis on Elution Order and Hysteresis in Polar Organic Mode. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010111. [PMID: 35011343 PMCID: PMC8746373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioseparation of four phthalimide derivatives (thalidomide, pomalidomide, lenalidomide and apremilast) was investigated on five different polysaccharide-type stationary phases (Chiralpak AD, Chiralpak AS, Lux Amylose-2, Chiralcel OD and Chiralcel OJ-H) using neat methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 1-propanol (PROP), 2-propanol (IPA) and acetonitrile (ACN) as polar organic mobile phases and also in combination. Along with the separation capacity of the applied systems, our study also focuses on the elution sequences, the effect of mobile phase mixtures and the hysteresis of retention and selectivity. Although on several cases extremely high resolutions (Rs > 10) were observed for certain compounds, among the tested conditions only Chiralcel OJ-H column with MeOH was successful for baseline-separation of all investigated drugs. Chiral selector- and mobile-phase-dependent reversals of elution order were observed. Reversal of elution order and hysteresis of retention and enantioselectivity were further investigated using different eluent mixtures on Chiralpak AD, Chiralcel OD and Lux Amylose-2 column. In an IPA/MeOH mixture, enantiomer elution-order reversal was observed depending on the eluent composition. Furthermore, in eluent mixtures, enantioselectivity depends on the direction from which the composition of the eluent is approached, regardless of the eluent pair used on amylose-based columns. Using a mixture of polar alcohols not only the selectivities but the enantiomer elution order can also be fine-tuned on Chiralpak AD column, which opens up the possibility of a new type of chiral screening strategy.
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Dallocchio R, Sechi B, Dessì A, Chankvetadze B, Cossu S, Mamane V, Weiss R, Pale P, Peluso P. Enantioseparations of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases and molecular dynamics simulations of selector-selectand interactions. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1853-1863. [PMID: 33742705 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2'-(4-Pyridyl)- and 2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-TCIBPs (TCIBP = 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridyl) are chiral compounds that showed interesting inhibition activity against transthyretin fibrillation in vitro. We became interested in their enantioseparation since we noticed that the M-stereoisomer is more effective than the P-enantiomer. Based thereon, we recently reported the enantioseparation of 2'-substituted TCIBP derivatives with amylose-based chiral columns. Following this study, herein we describe the comparative enantioseparation of both 2'-(4-pyridyl)- and 2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-TCIBPs on four cellulose phenylcarbamate-based chiral columns aiming to explore the effect of the polymer backbone, as well as the nature and position of substituents on the side groups on the enantioseparability of these compounds. In the frame of this project, the impact of subtle variations of analyte and polysaccharide structures, and mobile phase (MP) polarity on retention and selectivity was evaluated. The effect of temperature on retention and selectivity was also considered, and overall thermodynamic parameters associated with the analyte adsorption onto the CSP surface were derived from van 't Hoff plots. Interesting cases of enantiomer elution order (EEO) reversal were observed. In particular, the EEO was shown to be dependent on polysaccharide backbone, the elution sequence of the two analytes being P-M and M-P on cellulose and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), respectively. In this regard, a theoretical investigation based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was performed by using amylose and cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) nonamers as virtual models of the polysaccharide-based selectors. This exploration at the molecular level shed light on the origin of the enantiodiscrimination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Barbara Sechi
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sergio Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Robin Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Pale
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Nguyen BT, Le TAT, Mai XL, Nguyen TNV, Phan TD, Kang JS, Kim KH. Determination of enantiomeric impurity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on a cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenyl-carbamate) chiral stationary phase and the characterization of its related substances. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2029-2036. [PMID: 33682357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to determine the enantiomeric impurity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, an orally bioavailable prodrug of tenofovir, commonly used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B. Tenofovir disoproxil and its enantiomer, were completely separated on a Chiralpak IC column (3 μm, 100 × 4.6 mm, i.d.). The chiral separation was achieved using a mobile phase containing n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, and triethylamine 65/25/10/0.1 (v/v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Ideally, the reversal of enantiomer elution order was achieved on the Chiralpak IC column, to allow the elution of the minor enantiomeric impurity before the major component. Moreover, the proposed method was able to discriminate the active ingredient from the related substances available in the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate raw materials. These compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated by MS and nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on the spectral data, the structures of related substances were confirmed as tenofovir isoproxil monoester and fumaric acid. The high-performance liquid chromatography method was optimized by the design of experiment approach and successfully validated following the International Conference on Harmonization guideline. Proposed method was effectively applied for the quantification of enantiomeric impurity in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Tan Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Thi-Anh-Tuyet Le
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Xuan-Lan Mai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH, ), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Dung Phan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jong-Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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