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Liu M, Liu J, Wang Q, Song P, Li H, Sun Z, Shi C, Dong W. Quantitative analysis of low-content impurity crystal forms in canagliflozin tablets by NIR solid-state analysis technique. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 311:124000. [PMID: 38350412 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Canagliflozin (CFZ) tablets was a commercially new class of anti-diabetic drug, CFZ had various anhydrate crystal forms and two hydrate crystal forms (Canagliflozin hemihydrate (Hemi-CFZ) and Canagliflozin monohydrate (Mono-CFZ) crystal form). The active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of commercially available CFZ tablets were Hemi-CFZ, was easily convert to CFZ or Mono-CFZ under the influence of temperature, pressure, humidity and other factors in tablets processing, storage, and transportation, thus affected bioavailability and efficacy of tablets. Therefore, quantitative analysis of low-content CFZ and Mono-CFZ in tablets was essential to control tablets' quality. The main objective of this study was to explore the feasibility and in-depth explain its quantitative analysis mechanism of NIR for quantitative analysis of low-content CFZ/Mono-CFZ in CFZ tablets. PLSR models for low-content CFZ/Mono-CFZ were established by NIR solid-state analysis technique in different resolutions with different wavenumber regions combined with various pretreatments methods (such as Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay First Derivative (SG1st), Savitzky-Golay Second Derivative (SG2nd) and Wavelet Transform (WT)), and the PLSR models were verified. The feasibility of NIR spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of low-content CFZ and Mono-CFZ in CFZ tablets was discussed and analyzed from multiple perspectives, which included the distribution of effective information on the spectrum, the influence of resolution on PLSR models performance, the variance contribution/cumulative variance contribution of PLSR model principal components (PCs), the relation of PCI loadings, scores of the spectra and CFZ/Mono-CFZ content, and the mechanism of quantitative analysis was in-depth explained simultaneously. Eventually the most suitable PLSR models in 0.0000-10.0000 % w/w % obtained. That can provide theoretical support for quantitative analysis of low-content impurity crystal during the production, storage and transportation of CFZ tablets, thus provide reference methods for quality control of CFZ tablets and a reliable reference method for quantitative analysis of impurity crystal forms and quality control of similar drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China.
| | - Jichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Haichao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Zan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Chenglong Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Weibing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
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Fathy Elhabal S, El-Nabarawi MA, Abdelaal N, Elrefai MFM, Ghaffar SA, Khalifa MM, Mohie PM, Waggas DS, Hamdan AME, Alshawwa SZ, Saied EM, Elzohairy NA, Elnawawy T, Gad RA, Elfar N, Mohammed H, Khasawneh MA. Development of canagliflozin nanocrystals sublingual tablets in the presence of sodium caprate permeability enhancer: formulation optimization, characterization, in-vitro, in silico, and in-vivo study. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2241665. [PMID: 37537858 PMCID: PMC10946264 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2241665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin (CFZ) is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2) that lowers albuminuria in type-2 diabetic patients, cardiovascular, kidney, and liver disease. CFZ is classified as class IV in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) and is characterized by low permeability, solubility, and bioavailability, most likely attributed to hepatic first-pass metabolism. Nanocrystal-based sublingual formulations were developed in the presence of sodium caprate, as a wetting agent, and as a permeability enhancer. This formulation is suitable for children and adults and could enhance solubility, permeability, and avoid enterohepatic circulation due to absorption through the sublingual mucosa. In the present study, formulations containing various surfactants (P237, P338, PVA, and PVP K30) were prepared by the Sono-homo-assisted precipitation ion technique. The optimized formula prepared with PVP-K30 showed the smallest particle size (157 ± 0.32 nm), Zeta-potential (-18 ± 0.01), and morphology by TEM analysis. The optimized formula was subsequently formulated into a sublingual tablet containing Pharma burst-V® with a shorter disintegration time (51s) for the in-vivo study. The selected sublingual tablet improved histological and biochemical markers (blood glucose, liver, and kidney function), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase B (AKT) pathway compared to the market formula, increased CFZ's antidiabetic potency in diabetic rabbits, boosted bioavailability by five-fold, and produced faster onset of action. These findings suggest successful treatment of diabetes with CFZ nanocrystal-sublingual tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammar Fathy Elhabal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abdelaal
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamed Fathi Mohamed Elrefai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shrouk A. Ghaffar
- Medical Affairs Department, Caduceus Lane Healthcare, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dania S. Waggas
- Department of Pathological Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahla A. Elzohairy
- Air Force Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tayseer Elnawawy
- Department of pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania A. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elfar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mohammed
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Liu M, Liu J, Wang Q, Song P, Li H, Wu S, Gong J. Quantitative analysis of low content polymorphic impurities in canagliflozin tablets by PXRD, NIR, ATR-FITR and Raman solid-state analysis techniques combined with stoichiometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122458. [PMID: 36801728 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Canagliflozin (CFZ) was a commercially new class of anti-diabetic drug, which had various anhydrate crystal forms and two hydrate crystal forms (Canagliflozin hemihydrate (Hemi-CFZ) and Canagliflozin monohydrate (Mono-CFZ) crystal form). Commercially available CFZ tablets' active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was Hemi-CFZ, which was easy conversion to CFZ or Mono-CFZ under the influence of temperature, pressure, humidity and other factors in tablets processing, storage, and transportation, thus affected bioavailability and efficacy of tablets. Therefore, quantitative analysis low content of CFZ and Mono-CFZ in tablets was essential to control tablets' quality. The main objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Raman for quantitative analysis the low content of CFZ or Mono-CFZ in ternary mixtures. PLSR calibration models for low content of CFZ and Mono-CFZ were established by the solid analysis techniques of PXRD, NIR, ATR-FTIR and Raman combined with various pretreatments (such as Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay First Derivative (SG1st), Savitzky-Golay Second Derivative (SG2nd) and Wavelet Transform (WT)), and the correction models were verified. However, compared with PXRD, ATR-FTIR and Raman, NIR due to its water sensitivity was the most suitable for the quantitative analysis low content of CFZ or Mono-CFZ in tablets. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model for quantitative analysis low content of CFZ in tablets was as follow: Y = 0.0480 + 0.9928 X, R2 = 0.9986, LOD = 0.1596 %, LOQ = 0.4838 %, SG1st + WT pretreated. And that of Mono-CFZ were Y = 0.0050 + 0.9996 X, R2 = 0.9996, LOD = 0.0164 %, LOQ = 0.0498 %, MSC + WT pretreated and Y = 0.0051 + 0.9996 X, R2 = 0.9996, LOD = 0.0167 %, LOQ = 0.0505 %, SNV + WT pretreated, respectively. That can be used for quantitative analysis of impurity crystal content in drug production to ensure drug quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Jichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Haichao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Eco-environmental Protection in Tibetan Plateau, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Xining 810007, PR China
| | - Songgu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China.
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, PR China
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Lotfy NM, Ahmed MA, El Hoffy NM, Bendas ER, Morsi NM. Development and optimization of amphiphilic self-assembly into nanostructured liquid crystals for transdermal delivery of an antidiabetic SGLT2 inhibitor. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3340-3357. [PMID: 36377493 PMCID: PMC9848419 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2144546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-hyperglycemic sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor Canagliflozin (CFZ) represents a recent antihyperglycemic modality, yet it suffers from low oral bioavailability. The current work aims to formulate CFZ-loaded transdermal nanostructured liquid crystal gel matrix (NLCG) to improve its therapeutic efficiency. Pre-formulation study included the construction of pseudoternary phase diagrams to explore the effect of two conventional amphiphiles against amphiphilic tri-block copolymer in the formulation of NLCG. The influence of different co-solvents was also investigated with the use of monooleine as the oil. Physical characterization, morphological examination and skin permeation were performed for the optimized formulations. The formula of choice was further investigated for skin irritation and chemical stability. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the successful formula was conducted on hyperglycemic as well as normoglycemic mice. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test was conducted. Results revealed the supremacy of Poloxamer for stabilizing and maximizing liquid crystal gel (LCG) area percentage that reached up to 12.6%. CFZ-NLCG2 isotropic formula showed the highest permeation parameters; maximum flux value of 7460 μg/cm2 h and Q24 of 5327 μg/cm2. Pharmacodynamic evaluation revealed the superiority of the antihyperglycemic activity of CFZ-NLCG2 in fasting mice and its equivalence in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) compared to the oral one. The obtained results confirmed the success of CFZ-NLCG2 in the transdermal delivery of CFZ in therapeutically effective concentration compared to the oral route, bypassing first pass effect; in addition, eliminates the possible gastrointestinal side effects related to the inhibition of intestinal sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) and maximizes its selectivity to the desired inhibition of renal SGLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Lotfy
- Future Factory for Industrial Training, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdallah Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nada M. El Hoffy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt,CONTACT Nada Mohamed El Hoffy Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab R. Bendas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M. Morsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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