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Ivanova E, Osipova M, Vasilieva T, Eremkin A, Markova S, Zazhivihina E, Smirnova S, Mitrasov Y, Nasakin O. The Recycling of Substandard Rocket Fuel N,N-Dimethylhydrazine via the Involvement of Its Hydrazones Derived from Glyoxal, Acrolein, Metacrolein, Crotonaldehyde, and Formaldehyde in Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17196. [PMID: 38139025 PMCID: PMC10742919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
"Heptil" (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine-UDMH) is extensively employed worldwide as a propellant for rocket engines. However, UDMH constantly loses its properties as a result of its continuous and uncontrolled absorption of moisture, which cannot be rectified. This situation threatens its long-term usability. UDMH is an exceedingly toxic compound (Hazard Class 1), which complicates its transportation and disposal. Incineration is currently the only method used for its disposal, but this process generates oxidation by-products that are even more toxic than the original UDMH. A more benign approach involves its immediate reaction with a formalin solution to form 1,1-dimethyl-2-methylene hydrazone (MDH), which is significantly less toxic by an order of magnitude. MDH can then be polymerized under acidic conditions, and the resulting product can be burned, yielding substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides. This review seeks to shift the focus of MDH from incineration towards its application in the synthesis of relatively non-toxic and readily available analogs of various pharmaceutical substances. We aim to bring the attention of the international chemical community to the distinctive properties of MDH, as well as other hydrazones (such as glyoxal, acrolein, crotonal, and meta-crolyl), wherein each structural fragment can initiate unique transformations that have potential applications in molecular design, pharmaceutical research, and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Ivanova
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Margarita Osipova
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Tatyana Vasilieva
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexey Eremkin
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetlana Markova
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Zazhivihina
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetlana Smirnova
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Yurii Mitrasov
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University, K. Marx Street, 38, 428000 Cheboksary, Russia;
| | - Oleg Nasakin
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.); (S.M.); (E.Z.); (S.S.)
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Limantseva RM, Savchenko RG, Odinokov VN, Tolstikov AG. Povarov Reaction in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Compounds with a Tetrahydroquinoline Fragment. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Fedotov VV, Valieva MI, Taniya OS, Aminov SV, Kharitonov MA, Novikov AS, Kopchuk DS, Slepukhin PA, Zyryanov GV, Ulomsky EN, Rusinov VL, Charushin VN. 4-(Aryl)-Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidine-3-Carbonitrile-Based Fluorophores: Povarov Reaction-Based Synthesis, Photophysical Studies, and DFT Calculations. Molecules 2022; 27:8029. [PMID: 36432130 PMCID: PMC9698514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 4-(aryl)-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitriles were obtained through the Povarov (aza-Diels-Alder) and oxidation reactions, starting from benzimidazole-2-arylimines. Based on the literature data and X-ray diffraction analysis, it was discovered that during the Povarov reaction, [1,3] sigmatropic rearrangement leading to dihydrobenzimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines took place. The structures of all the obtained compounds were confirmed based on the data from 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. For all the obtained compounds, their photophysical properties were studied. In all the cases, a positive emission solvatochromism with Stokes shifts from 120 to 180 nm was recorded. Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) has been illustrated for compound 6c using different water fractions (fw) in THF. The compounds 6c and 6f demonstrated changes in emission maxima or/and intensities after mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Fedotov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria I. Valieva
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga S. Taniya
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Semen V. Aminov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Kharitonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Slepukhin
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N. Ulomsky
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Rusinov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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de Fátima Â, Fernandes SA, Ferreira de Paiva W, de Freitas Rego Y. The Povarov Reaction: A Versatile Method to Synthesize Tetrahydroquinolines, Quinolines and Julolidines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1794-8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe multicomponent Povarov reaction represents a powerful approach for the construction of substances containing N-heterocyclic frameworks. By using the Povarov reaction, in addition to accessing tetrahydroquinolines, quinolines and julolidines in a single step, it is possible to form the following new bonds: two Csp
3–Csp
3 and one Csp
3–Nsp
3, two Csp
2–Csp
2 and one Csp
2–Nsp
2, and four Csp
3–Csp
3 and two Csp
3–Nsp
1, respectively. This short review discusses the main features of the Povarov reaction, including its mechanism, the reaction scope by employing different catalysts and substrates, as well as stereoselective versions.1 Introduction2 Mechanism of the Povarov Reaction3 Tetrahydroquinolines4 Quinolines5 Julolidines6 Concluding Remarks
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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