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Maurya KK, Tripathi AD, Kumar D, Ramyaa TS, Paul V, Agarwal A. Growth Kinetics of Prodigiosin (Food Color) Produced by Novel Serratia marcescens bhu prodig Under Submerged Fermentation (SMF). Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00925-6. [PMID: 37907812 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Prodigiosin is a promising food color due to its antibacterial, antimalarial, antimycotic characteristics, immunomodulating, and antitumor activities. Novel prodigiosin producing strain isolated from sugarcane field soil of Banaras Hindu University, India, characterized as Serratia marcescens bhu prodig by 16 sRNA. The effect of carbon, nitrogen source, and physical parameters (pH and temperature) on pigment yield was studied. The highest amount of pigment produced, which was 800.95 ± 0.05 mg/L, was detected when sorbitol and peptone were used as nitrogen and carbon source with pH 7 at 30 °C. The optimized condition scale-up in a bioreactor with a working capacity of 3.0 L, gave maximum pigment yield of 825 ± 0.05 mg/L with µ (Maximum specific growth rate), Yp/x, which represents the product yield coefficient, and Yp/s, which signifies the specific product yield coefficient and productivity of 0.3/h, 0.62, 0.80, and 0.02 g/L/h, respectively, after 72 h of cultivation in submerged fermentation (SMF). The isolated pigment was characterized as prodigiosin by the analysis of spectral data and GC-MS. The mass spectrophotometry investigation characterized pigment as 4-methoxy-5(5 methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)- 2,2-bipyrrole ring structure. The GC-MS chromatogram showed m/z of 323, representing prodigiosin. The prodigiosin yield and productivity obtained in the current finding were higher than in previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Microbiology Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T S Ramyaa
- Department of Microbiology, Thiagrajar College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Veena Paul
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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Nie H, Li Y, Lu XL, Yan J, Liu XR, Yin Q. Prodigiosin derived from chromium-resistant Serratia sp. prevents inflammation and modulates gut microbiota homeostasis in DSS-induced colitis mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109800. [PMID: 36780827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) is a secondary metabolite of microorganisms with anticancer, antimalarial, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. However, the modulatory effects on gut microbiome and intestinal immune microenvironment have never been explored in the ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model. In this study, 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC mice model was constructed to investigate the effects of PG derived from a chromium-resistant Serratia sp. on the intestinal flora and inflammatory response. The results showed that prodigiosin administration attenuated the DSS-induced UC symptoms, including preventing the reduction of colonic length and DSS-induced mortality. Furthermore, prodigiosin ameliorated the DSS-induced gut microbiota community dysbiosis by restoring the abundance of Bacteroidota. At the genus level, the declined abundance of Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum and Akkermannia in UC mice was elevated by the treatment of PG. Pathological results by H&E staining showed that PG prevented the appearance of distortion and atrophy of crypt and neutrophil infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR revealed that the expression levels of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly suppressed, and the expression of the intestinal tight junction protein Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1 were upregulted in PG-treated UC mice. Conclusively, our results revealed that prodigiosin effectively prevented inflammatory response and protected intestinal barrier integrity of DSS-induced colitis mice via modulating gut microbiota community structure, suppressing inflammatory factors' expression, and accelerating the expression of intestinal tight junction protein. These results will provide new insights into the interaction of prodigiosin with intestinal microbiota homeostasis and its application in clinical against inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Nie
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401334, PR China
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401334, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401334, PR China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401334, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ru Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401334, PR China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401334, PR China.
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Huang J, Xu P, Shao M, Wei B, Zhang C, Zhang J. Humic acids alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by positively modulating gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1147110. [PMID: 37125181 PMCID: PMC10132312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) are natural polymers with diverse functional groups that have been documented and utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis has been used as a model to study inflammatory bowel disease. In this research, we investigate the effect of HAs on ameliorating DSS-induced colitis in mice. Our aim here was to investigate if HAs could be a remedy against colitis and the mechanisms involved. The results show that HAs facilitated a regain of body weight and restoration of intestinal morphology after DSS-induced colitis. HAs treatment alters the community of gut microbiota with more Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Changes in bacterial community result in lower amounts of lipopolysaccharides in mouse sera, as well as lower levels of inflammatory cytokines through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB pathway. HAs also promoted the expression of tight junction proteins, which protect the intestinal barrier from DSS damage. Cell experiments show that HAs display an inhibitory effect on DSS growth as well. These results suggest that HAs can alleviate colitis by regulating intestinal microbiota, reducing inflammation, maintaining mucosal barriers, and inhibiting pathogen growth. Thus, HAs offer great potential for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Shao
- Ultrasound Department of Zhucheng People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Islan GA, Rodenak-Kladniew B, Noacco N, Duran N, Castro GR. Prodigiosin: a promising biomolecule with many potential biomedical applications. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14227-14258. [PMID: 35734783 PMCID: PMC9342244 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2084498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments are among the most fascinating molecules found in nature and used by human civilizations since the prehistoric ages. Although most of the bio-dyes reported in the literature were discovered around the eighties, the necessity to explore novel compounds for new biological applications has made them resurface as potential alternatives. Prodigiosin (PG) is an alkaloid red bio-dye produced by diverse microorganisms and composed of a linear tripyrrole chemical structure. PG emerges as a really interesting tool since it shows a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, algicidal, anti-Chagas, anti-amoebic, antimalarial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral, and/or immunosuppressive. However, PG vehiculation into different delivery systems has been proposed since possesses low bioavailability because of its high hydrophobic character (XLogP3-AA = 4.5). In the present review, the general aspects of the PG correlated with synthesis, production process, and biological activities are reported. Besides, some of the most relevant PG delivery systems described in the literature, as well as novel unexplored applications to potentiate its biological activity in biomedical applications, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- German A Islan
- Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata)Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Centro de Investigación y , La Plata, Argentina
| | - Boris Rodenak-Kladniew
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, La Plata, Pcia de Bueos aires, Argentina
| | - Nehuen Noacco
- Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata)Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Centro de Investigación y , La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nelson Duran
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Biological Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of Abc (Ufabc), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Biological Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,. Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG). Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de RosarioMax Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Rosario, Argentina
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