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Bernal-Millán MDJ, Carrasco-Portugal MDC, Heredia JB, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, León-Félix J, Angulo-Escalante MÁ. Green Extracts and UPLC-TQS-MS/MS Profiling of Flavonoids from Mexican Oregano ( Lippia graveolens) Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents/Ultrasound-Assisted and Supercritical Fluids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1692. [PMID: 37111915 PMCID: PMC10145289 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids. These have presented different therapeutic properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory; however, their functionality is related to the quantity and type of compounds, and these characteristics depend on the extraction method used. This study aimed to compare different extraction procedures to identify and quantify flavonoids from oregano (Lippia graveolens). Emerging and conventional technologies include maceration with methanol and water, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using deep eutectic solvents (DES) such as choline chloride-ethylene glycol, choline chloride-glycerol, and choline chloride-lactic acid. Supercritical fluid extraction using CO2 as a solvent was also studied. Six different extracts were obtained and the total reducing capacity, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity by ABTS•+, DPPH•, FRAP, and ORAC were evaluated. In addition, flavonoids were identified and quantified by UPLC-TQS-MS/MS. Results showed that UAE-DES had the best extraction effect and antioxidant capacity using colorimetric methods. However, maceration-methanol was superior in compound content, and highlighting naringenin and phloridzin were the major compounds. In addition, this extract was microencapsulated by spray drying, which provided a protection feature of their antioxidant potential. Oregano extracts are rich in flavonoids and the microcapsules present promising results for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam del Carmen Carrasco-Portugal
- Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - J. Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Culiacán 80110, Mexico; (M.d.J.B.-M.)
| | | | | | - Josefina León-Félix
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Culiacán 80110, Mexico; (M.d.J.B.-M.)
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Natural Polyphenol Recovery from Apple-, Cereal-, and Tomato-Processing By-Products and Related Health-Promoting Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227977. [PMID: 36432076 PMCID: PMC9697562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols of plant origin are a broad family of secondary metabolites that range from basic phenolic acids to more complex compounds such as stilbenes, flavonoids, and tannins, all of which have several phenol units in their structure. Considerable health benefits, such as having prebiotic potential and cardio-protective and weight control effects, have been linked to diets based on polyphenol-enriched foods and plant-based products, indicating the potential role of these substances in the prevention or treatment of numerous pathologies. The most representative phenolic compounds in apple pomace are phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin, with major health implications in diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases. The cereal byproducts are rich in flavonoids (cyanidin 3-glucoside) and phenolic acids (ferulic acid), all with significant results in reducing the incidence of noncommunicable diseases. Quercetin, naringenin, and rutin are the predominant phenolic molecules in tomato by-products, having important antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The present understanding of the functionality of polyphenols in health outcomes, specifically, noncommunicable illnesses, is summarized in this review, focusing on the applicability of this evidence in three extensive agrifood industries (apple, cereal, and tomato processing). Moreover, the reintegration of by-products into the food chain via functional food products and personalized nutrition (e.g., 3D food printing) is detailed, supporting a novel direction to be explored within the circular economy concept.
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Golubkina N, Plotnikova U, Lapchenko V, Lapchenko H, Sheshnitsan S, Amagova Z, Matsadze V, Naumenko T, Bagrikova N, Logvinenko L, Sakhno T, Shevchuk O, Pirogov N, Caruso G. Evaluation of Factors Affecting Tree and Shrub Bark's Antioxidant Status. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2609. [PMID: 36235475 PMCID: PMC9571727 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The importance of using the barks of trees and shrubs as powerful natural antioxidants suggests the necessity to evaluate the effect of different environmental factors on bark extracts’ quality. The determination of total antioxidant activity (AOA) and polyphenol content (TP) in the bark of 58 tree and shrub species from 7 regions differing in mean annual temperature, insolation, humidity, salinity level, and altitude was performed. The above stress factors positively affected bark AOA but did not have a statistically significant effect on TP. The bark of trees grown in the seashore proximity was characterized by significantly higher AOA than samples gathered in other areas, similarly to the trees grown at high altitude. The bark antioxidant status of 18 species was described for the first time. New sources of powerful antioxidants were represented by the ornamental shrubs Cornus sanguinea and Cornus alba, which showed the highest AOA (169−171 mg GAE g−1 d.w.). Among the typical halophytes, Calligonum and Tamarix had high AOA (172 and 85 mg GAE g−1 d.w.), while in the bark of tamarisk, an Se accumulator, an Se concentration of about 900 µg kg−1 d.w. was recorded. A significant positive correlation was found between leaves and bark AOA in the Karadag Nature Reserve’s deciduous trees (r = 0.898, p < 0.01). The relationship between bark AOA and TP was highly significant (r = 0.809; p < 0.001) for all samples except the mountainous ones. The results of the present research revealed new opportunities in successive bark utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Golubkina
- Analytical Laboratory Department, Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ulyana Plotnikova
- Analytical Laboratory Department, Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, 143072 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lapchenko
- T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station, Nature Reserve of RAS, 298188 Feodosia, Russia
| | - Helene Lapchenko
- T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station, Nature Reserve of RAS, 298188 Feodosia, Russia
| | - Sergey Sheshnitsan
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Soil Science, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Zarema Amagova
- Chechen Scientific Institute of Agriculture, 366021 Gikalo, Grozny Region, Russia
| | - Visita Matsadze
- Chechen Scientific Institute of Agriculture, 366021 Gikalo, Grozny Region, Russia
| | - Tatiana Naumenko
- Nikitsky Botanic Gardens, National Scientific Center of RAS, 298648 Yalta, Russia
| | - Natalia Bagrikova
- Nikitsky Botanic Gardens, National Scientific Center of RAS, 298648 Yalta, Russia
| | - Lidia Logvinenko
- Nikitsky Botanic Gardens, National Scientific Center of RAS, 298648 Yalta, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sakhno
- Nikitsky Botanic Gardens, National Scientific Center of RAS, 298648 Yalta, Russia
| | - Oksana Shevchuk
- Nikitsky Botanic Gardens, National Scientific Center of RAS, 298648 Yalta, Russia
| | - Nikolay Pirogov
- Bogdinsko-Baskunchak Nature Reserve, 416532 Akhtubinsk, Russia
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot-Brazil. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082382. [PMID: 35458580 PMCID: PMC9028924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado that has shown important characteristics such as a significant phenolic compound content and biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity in taperebá peel extract, as well as microencapsulating the extract with chitosan and evaluating the stability of the microparticles. The evaluation of the profile of phenolic compounds was carried out by UPLC-MS/MS. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. The microparticles were obtained by spray drying and were submitted to a stability study under different temperatures. In general, the results showed a significant content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The results of UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated a significant content of polyphenols in taperebá peel, highlighting the high content of ellagic acid and quercetin compounds. There was significant retention of phenolic compounds when microencapsulated, demonstrating high retention at all evaluated temperatures. This study is the first to microencapsulate the extract of taperebá peel, in addition to identifying and quantifying some compounds in this fruit.
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Determination of Phloridzin and Other Phenolic Compounds in Apple Tree Leaves, Bark, and Buds Using Liquid Chromatography with Multilayered Column Technology and Evaluation of the Total Antioxidant Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020244. [PMID: 35215355 PMCID: PMC8880626 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples are known to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, however detailed studies about their content in the individual parts of apple trees are reported rarely. For this purpose, we tested various stationary phases for the determination of phenolic compounds in leaves, bark, and buds. Phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercitrin were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. A YMC Triart C18-ExRS 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size analytical column with multilayered particle technology was used. The separation was performed with a mobile phase that consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid, according to the gradient program, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for 12.50 min. The concentration of phenolic compounds from 13 cultivars was in the range of 64.89–106.01 mg/g of dry weight (DW) in leaves, 70.81–113.18 mg/g DW in bark, and 100.68–139.61 mg/g DW in buds. Phloridzin was a major compound. The total antioxidant activity was measured using flow analysis and the correlation with the total amount of phenolic compounds was found. This finding can lead to the re-use of apple tree material to isolate substances that can be utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics industries.
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Rudrapal M, Khan J, Dukhyil AAB, Alarousy RMII, Attah EI, Sharma T, Khairnar SJ, Bendale AR. Chalcone Scaffolds, Bioprecursors of Flavonoids: Chemistry, Bioactivities, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2021; 26:7177. [PMID: 34885754 PMCID: PMC8659147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid (C6-C3-C6 system) family that are ubiquitous in edible and medicinal plants, and they are bioprecursors of plant flavonoids. Chalcones and their natural derivatives are important intermediates of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Plants containing chalcones have been used in traditional medicines since antiquity. Chalcones are basically α,β-unsaturated ketones that exert great diversity in pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and so on. This review provides an insight into the chemistry, biosynthesis, and occurrence of chalcones from natural sources, particularly dietary and medicinal plants. Furthermore, the pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological aspects of naturally occurring chalcone derivatives are also discussed herein. In view of having tremendous pharmacological potential, chalcone scaffolds/chalcone derivatives and bioflavonoids after subtle chemical modification could serve as a reliable platform for natural products-based drug discovery toward promising drug lead molecules/drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Pune 411019, India
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.I.A.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.I.A.)
| | - Randa Mohammed Ibrahim Ismail Alarousy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (R.M.I.I.A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Veterinary Researches, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Emmanuel Ifeanyi Attah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
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