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Abushawish A, Chatla A, Almanassra IW, Ihsanullah I, Shanableh A, Laoui T, Atieh MA. Novel composites of activated carbon and layered double oxide for the removal of sulfate from synthetic and brackish groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139740. [PMID: 37544521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate (SO42-) is a major water and environmental concern that causes severe diarrhea, death of invertebrates and plant species, and clogging of industrial pipes. In the current work, treatment of SO42- from synthetic and real groundwater having 3901 mg(SO42-)/L was investigated for the first time using Zn-Al and Mg-Al layered double oxides doped granular activated carbon (GAC/Mg-Al LDO and GAC/Zn-Al LDO). The co-precipitation method was followed to synthesize the GAC/LDO composites using an Mg or Zn to Al molar ratio of 3:1. The GAC/Mg-Al LDO possessed a higher specific surface area (323.9 m2/g) compared to GAC/Zn-Al LDO (195.1 m2/g). The GAC/Mg-Al LDO demonstrated more than 99% removal of SO42- from synthetic water, while it was 50.9% for GAC/Zn-Al LDO and less than 1% for raw GAC at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L. The GAC/Mg-Al LDO was selected for further batch experiments and modeling investigation. The equilibrium data followed the Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir models with determination coefficients of 0.943 and 0.935, respectively. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was 143.5 mg/g. In the real groundwater adsorption study, the screening experiment revealed high selectivity towards SO42- with 62% removal efficiency. The optimum dosage was found to be 50 g/L with an uptake capacity of 61.5 mg/g. The kinetic data of SO42- removal from synthetic and brackish water were in excellent agreement with the pseudo-second order model, and the equilibrium was attained in 5 h. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the GAC/Mg-Al LDO is an efficient material for treating SO42- from real groundwater and can be utilized as a pretreatment unit for high sulfate water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abushawish
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjaneyulu Chatla
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ismail W Almanassra
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - I Ihsanullah
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahar Laoui
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muataz Ali Atieh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Al-Hashimi O, Hashim K, Loffill E, Nakouti I, Faisal AAH, Čebašek TM. Eco-friendly remediation of tetracycline antibiotic from polluted water using waste-derived surface re-engineered silica sand. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13148. [PMID: 37573363 PMCID: PMC10423248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A new green reactive adsorbent (calcium ferric oxide silica sand (CFO-SS)) made from wastepaper sludge ash and ferric ions was synthesised and shown to remove tetracycline antibiotics (TC) from contaminated water effectively. The synthesised sand was dried at 95 °C, and a series of batch and fixed bed experiments were performed to determine the optimum operating conditions. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of the CFO-SS increases with the concentration gradient between the solid and liquid phases. 0.3 g of the new adsorbent was proven sufficient to remove more than 90% of the TC at a pollutant dose of 50 mg/L in 50 mL of simulated groundwater with an agitation speed of 200 rpm for 3 h. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm model, with a loading capacity of 21.96 mg/g at pH 7, while the Pseudo second-order model best described the absorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanisms proposed included electrostatic interaction, intraparticle diffusion, hydrogen bonding, and cation-π interactions. Characterisation investigations revealed that the newly precipitated oxides on silica sand play an essential role in TC adsorption support. In fixed-bed experiments, it was discovered that reducing the flow rate and inflow concentration of TC and increasing the sorbent mass significantly extended the lifetime of the produced sorbent in the packed column. The measured breakthrough curves were best fit with the Adams-Bohart and the Clark models, as they provided the highest square root number (R2) values. Finally, considering the efficacy of CFO-SS in TC adsorption performance, it can be noted that the novel synthesised reactive material is an efficient and environmentally friendly material for TC removal, and it presents a potential solution to resolving the challenge of TC-rich groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah Al-Hashimi
- Babylon Water Directorate, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Khalid Hashim
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Edward Loffill
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ismini Nakouti
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technology Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ayad A H Faisal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Tina Marolt Čebašek
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Faisal AAH, Al-Ridah ZA, Al-Ansari N, Hassan WH, Al-Hashimi O, Ghfar AA, Hashim K. Controlling metal ion migration in contaminated groundwater with Iraqi clay barriers for water resource protection. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16196-16205. [PMID: 37260710 PMCID: PMC10228638 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of using Iraqi clay as a low-permeability layer to prevent the migration of lead and nickel ions in groundwater-aquifers. Tests of batch operation have been conducted to determine the optimal conditions for removing Pb2+ ions, which were found to be 120 minutes of contact time, a pH of 5, 0.12 g of clay per 100 mL of solution, and an agitation of 250 rpm. These conditions resulted in a 90% removal efficiency for a 50 mg L-1 initial concentration of lead ions. To remove nickel ions with an efficiency of 80%, the optimal conditions were 60 minutes of contact time, a pH of 6, 12 g of clay per 100 mL of solution, and an agitation of 250 rpm. Several sorption models were evaluated, and the Langmuir formula was found to be the most effective. The highest sorption capacities were 1.75 and 137 mg g-1 for nickel and lead ions, respectively. The spread of metal ions was simulated using finite element analysis in the COMSOL multiphysics simulation software, taking into account the presence of a clay barrier. The results showed that the barrier creates low-discharge zones along the down-gradient of the barrier, reducing the rate of pollutant migration to protect the water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad A H Faisal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq
| | | | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology 97187 Lulea Sweden
| | - Waqed H Hassan
- College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa Kerbala Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala Kerbala 56001 Iraq
| | - Osamah Al-Hashimi
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Ayman A Ghfar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hashim
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 3AF UK
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Zhao J, Liu H, Chen W, Jian Y, Zeng G, Wang Z. Hydrogel of HEMA, NVP, and Morpholine-Derivative Copolymer for Sulfate Ion Adsorption: Behaviors and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030984. [PMID: 36770649 PMCID: PMC9923838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SO42--containing compounds are widely present in wastewater generated from various industries and mining industries, such as slag leachate, pulp and paper wastewater, modified starch wastewater, etc. When the concentration of SO42- is too high, it will not only be corrosive to metal equipment but also accumulate in the environmental media. Based on this, a novel cationic hydrogel HNM was synthesized in this study by introducing morpholine groups into the conventional hydrogel HEMA-NVP system for the adsorption of SO42- in aqueous solutions. Characterizations by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that morpholine groups had been introduced into the as-synthesizedhydrogels. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization results show that the introduction of morpholine groups changed the surface of the hydrogel from micron-scale wrinkles to nanoscale gaps, increasing the contact area with the solution. The results of static water contact angle (WCA), equilibrium water content (EWC), and SO42- adsorption capacity show that the introduction of morpholine groups not only further improved the equilibrium water content and hydrophilicity of the hydrogel but also greatly improved the SO42- adsorption capacity of the hydrogel, with the maximum SO42- adsorption amount of 21.59 mg/g, which was much higher than that of the hydrogel without morpholine groups of 5.15 mg/g. Further studies found that the adsorption of SO42- on the hydrogel HNM was pH-dependent, and acidic conditions were favorable for the adsorption. Therefore, the introduction of morpholine groups greatly enhanced the ability of conventional HEMA-NVP hydrogels to remove SO42- from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Organic Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yu Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.)
| | - Guoyong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.)
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Faisal AAH, Ramadhan ZK, Al-Ansari N, Sharma G, Naushad M, Bathula C. Precipitation of (Mg/Fe-CTAB) - Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles onto sewage sludge for producing novel sorbent to remove Congo red and methylene blue dyes from aqueous environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132693. [PMID: 34715111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of new sorbent from precipitation of nano-sized (Mg/Fe-CTAB)- layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the surfaces of sewage sludge byproduct to remove the anionic and cationic dyes was the focal point of this work. The presence of nanoparticles and enlarged of interlayers by CTAB intercalation have increased the sludge surface area from 5.34 to 10.32 m2/g. The CTAB mass 0.03 g/50 mL, sludge dosage 1 g/50 mL and (Mg/Fe) molar ratio 2 were the best preparation conditions required to obtain effective sorbent with efficiencies exceeded 93% for MB and CR dyes. These efficiencies were obtained under operational conditions for batch study of 0.5 g coated sludge per 50 mL colored dye solution, initial pH 3 (for CR) and 12 (for MB), and time 3 h for 10 mg/L dyes at 200 rpm. Models of Langmuir and pseudo second-order have a high capability in the representation of sorption records with maximum capacities of adsorption 163.6 and 132.6 mg/g for CR and MB dye, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis proved that the calcite occurred mainly at 2θ = 29.8° while quartz corresponded to the 21, 26.6, 36.4, 36.9, 50.1, 60.01 and 68.4°. Characterization tests showed that nano-sized particles of magnesium/iron were precipitated on the sludge due to the formation of hydrotalcite-like compounds with an increase in the percentages of Mg and Fe from 0.87 and 1.36 to 4.25 and 3.03%, respectively. The results showed that the electrostatic attraction, intra-particle diffusion and hydrogen bonding were predominant mechanisms for removal of CR and MB onto coated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad A H Faisal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Zahraa Khalid Ramadhan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India; School of Science & Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chinna Bathula
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
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Al-Hashimi O, Hashim K, Loffill E, Marolt Čebašek T, Nakouti I, Faisal AAH, Al-Ansari N. A Comprehensive Review for Groundwater Contamination and Remediation: Occurrence, Migration and Adsorption Modelling. Molecules 2021; 26:5913. [PMID: 34641456 PMCID: PMC8512142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The provision of safe water for people is a human right; historically, a major number of people depend on groundwater as a source of water for their needs, such as agricultural, industrial or human activities. Water resources have recently been affected by organic and/or inorganic contaminants as a result of population growth and increased anthropogenic activity, soil leaching and pollution. Water resource remediation has become a serious environmental concern, since it has a direct impact on many aspects of people's lives. For decades, the pump-and-treat method has been considered the predominant treatment process for the remediation of contaminated groundwater with organic and inorganic contaminants. On the other side, this technique missed sustainability and the new concept of using renewable energy. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have been implemented as an alternative to conventional pump-and-treat systems for remediating polluted groundwater because of their effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this paper, a review of the importance of groundwater, contamination and biological, physical as well as chemical remediation techniques have been discussed. In this review, the principles of the permeable reactive barrier's use as a remediation technique have been introduced along with commonly used reactive materials and the recent applications of the permeable reactive barrier in the remediation of different contaminants, such as heavy metals, chlorinated solvents and pesticides. This paper also discusses the characteristics of reactive media and contaminants' uptake mechanisms. Finally, remediation isotherms, the breakthrough curves and kinetic sorption models are also being presented. It has been found that groundwater could be contaminated by different pollutants and must be remediated to fit human, agricultural and industrial needs. The PRB technique is an efficient treatment process that is an inexpensive alternative for the pump-and-treat procedure and represents a promising technique to treat groundwater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah Al-Hashimi
- Babylon Water Directorate, Babylon 51001, Iraq
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
| | - Khalid Hashim
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Edward Loffill
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
| | - Tina Marolt Čebašek
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
| | - Ismini Nakouti
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technology Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Ayad A. H. Faisal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10001, Iraq;
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden;
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