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Senthooran V, Weng Z, Wu L. Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed Samples Using Mica-Epoxy Acrylate Resin Composites-Via Digital Light Processing (DLP). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1148. [PMID: 38675067 PMCID: PMC11054620 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) techniques are widely employed in various engineering and design fields, particularly additive manufacturing. Acrylate resins utilized in DLP processes are well known for their versatility, which enables the production of defect-free 3D-printed products with excellent mechanical properties. This study aims to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed samples by incorporating mica as an inorganic filler at different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and optimizing the dispersion by adding a KH570 silane coupling agent. In this study, mica was introduced as a filler and combined with epoxy acrylate resin to fabricate a 3D-printed sample. Varying concentrations of mica (5%, 10%, and 15% w/w) were mixed with the epoxy acrylate resin at a concentration of 10%, demonstrating a tensile strength increase of 85% and a flexural strength increase of 132%. Additionally, thermal characteristics were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and successful morphological investigations were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Digital light-processing technology was selected for its printing accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The results encompass comprehensive studies of the mechanical, thermal, and morphological aspects that contribute to the advancement of additive manufacturing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velmurugan Senthooran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (V.S.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixiang Weng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (V.S.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (V.S.); (Z.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Alam MA, Uddin MT, Tasnim KT, Sarker SS, Razzaq MA, Kabir MA, Sujan SMA, Mondal AK. Comparative evaluation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of rubber seed oil from different regions of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25544. [PMID: 38384561 PMCID: PMC10878869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In Bangladesh, the annual production of rubber seeds is typically left untapped although the seeds contained a high percentage of oil but underutilized without any value-added utilization. This study aims to evaluate the geographical effect on physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and the antimicrobial activity of oil extracted from rubber seeds. Seeds were collected from three different regions of Bangladesh and the oil was extracted by the soxhlet method using n-hexane as a solvent. Results demonstrated that the geographical regions have some significant effect on the properties of rubber seed oil (RSO). The physicochemical properties of RSO varied from region to region. For example, the percent of yield, higher heating value, and flash point varied from 50.0 to 50.8 %, 31.8-33.3 kJ/g, and 237-245 °C, respectively. The chemical parameters, such as acid value, iodine value, and hydroxyl value varied from 13.3 to 18.2 mg KOH/g, 132-137 g I2/100g, and 47.7-55.8 mg KOH/g, respectively. Chromatographic analysis showed that RSO mainly contains palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, and stearic acid. Regional variations were also seen in the composition of these fatty acids. Most notably, regardless of the rubber seeds collected from various locations, RSO exhibited inhibitory activity against only gram positive bacteria. The zone of inhibition range for different tested gram positive bacteria was 2.33-11.17 mm irrespective of different RSO samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashraful Alam
- Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka 1350, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tushar Uddin
- Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka 1350, Bangladesh
| | - Khandokar Tahmina Tasnim
- Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka 1350, Bangladesh
| | - Shashanka Shekhar Sarker
- Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka 1350, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Razzaq
- Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka 1350, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Alamgir Kabir
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - SM Asaduzzaman Sujan
- Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka 1350, Bangladesh
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
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Baronins J, Antonov M, Abramovskis V, Rautmane A, Lapkovskis V, Bockovs I, Goel S, Thakur VK, Shishkin A. The Effect of Zinc Oxide on DLP Hybrid Composite Manufacturability and Mechanical-Chemical Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4679. [PMID: 38139933 PMCID: PMC10747173 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of epoxy resin (ER) in industry, owing to its excellent properties, aligns with the global shift toward greener resources and energy-efficient solutions, where utilizing metal oxides in 3D printed polymer parts can offer extended functionalities across various industries. ZnO concentrations in polyurethane acrylate composites impacted adhesion and thickness of DLP samples, with 1 wt.% achieving a thickness of 3.99 ± 0.16 mm, closest to the target thickness of 4 mm, while 0.5 wt.% ZnO samples exhibited the lowest deviation in average thickness (±0.03 mm). Tensile stress in digital light processed (DLP) composites with ZnO remained consistent, ranging from 23.29 MPa (1 wt.%) to 25.93 MPa (0.5 wt.%), with an increase in ZnO concentration causing a reduction in tensile stress to 24.04 MPa and a decrease in the elastic modulus to 2001 MPa at 2 wt.% ZnO. The produced DLP samples, with their good corrosion resistance in alkaline environments, are well-suited for applications as protective coatings on tank walls. Customized DLP techniques can enable their effective use as structural or functional elements, such as in Portland cement concrete walls, floors and ceilings for enhanced durability and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Baronins
- Laboratory of Ecological Solutions and Sustainable Development of Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (V.A.); (A.R.); (V.L.); (A.S.)
- Latvian Maritime Academy of Riga Technical University, Riga Technical University, Flotes Str. 12 K-1, LV-1016 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maksim Antonov
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Vitalijs Abramovskis
- Laboratory of Ecological Solutions and Sustainable Development of Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (V.A.); (A.R.); (V.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Aija Rautmane
- Laboratory of Ecological Solutions and Sustainable Development of Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (V.A.); (A.R.); (V.L.); (A.S.)
- Latvian Maritime Academy of Riga Technical University, Riga Technical University, Flotes Str. 12 K-1, LV-1016 Riga, Latvia
| | - Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis
- Laboratory of Ecological Solutions and Sustainable Development of Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (V.A.); (A.R.); (V.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivans Bockovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, 3/7 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Saurav Goel
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
| | - Andrei Shishkin
- Laboratory of Ecological Solutions and Sustainable Development of Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, K-3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (V.A.); (A.R.); (V.L.); (A.S.)
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Fei J, Rong Y, Zhu L, Li H, Zhang X, Lu Y, An J, Bao Q, Huang X. Progress in Photocurable 3D Printing of Photosensitive Polyurethane: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300211. [PMID: 37294875 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as a class of advanced additive manufacturing (AM) technology, photocurable 3D printing has gained increasing attention. Based on its outstanding printing efficiency and molding accuracy, it is employed in various fields, such as industrial manufacturing, biomedical, soft robotics, electronic sensors. Photocurable 3D printing is a molding technology based on the principle of area-selective curing of photopolymerization reaction. At present, the main printing material suitable for this technology is the photosensitive resin, a composite mixture consisting of a photosensitive prepolymer, reactive monomer, photoinitiator, and other additives. As the technique research deepens and its application gets more developed, the design of printing materials suitable for different applications is becoming the hotspot. Specifically, these materials not only can be photocured but also have excellent properties, such as elasticity, tear resistance, fatigue resistance. Photosensitive polyurethanes can endow photocured resin with desirable performance due to their unique molecular structure including the inherent alternating soft and hard segments, and microphase separation. For this reason, this review summarizes and comments on the research and application progress of photocurable 3D printing of photosensitive polyurethanes, analyzing the advantages and shortcomings of this technology, also offering an outlook on this rapid development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Fei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Youjie Rong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Jian An
- Shanxi Coal Center Hospital, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Qingbo Bao
- Shanxi Coal Center Hospital, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
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Huang X, Peng S, Zheng L, Zhuo D, Wu L, Weng Z. 3D Printing of High Viscosity UV-Curable Resin for Highly Stretchable and Resilient Elastomer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304430. [PMID: 37527974 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Elastomers prepared via vat photopolymerizationus ually exhibit unsatisfied mechanical properties owing to their insufficient growth of molecular weight upon UV exposure. Increasing the weight ratio of oligomer in the resin system is an effective approach to enhance the mechanical properties, yet the viscosity of the UV-curable resin increases dramatically; this hinders its printing. In this study, a linear scan-based vat photopolymerization (LSVP) system which can print high-viscosity resins is implemented to 3D print the oligomer-dominated UV-curable resin via a dual-curing mechanism. A polyurethane methacrylate blocking oligomer is first synthesized and then mixed with a commercialized bifunctional oligomer, photoinitiator, and primary amine as a chain extender to prepare high-viscosity UV-curable resin for the LSVP system. The deblocked isocyanate is further crosslinked with a chain extender via thermal treatment to construct a highly entangled polymer chain network. The optimal thermal treatment parameters are investigated, and the resilience of the 3D-printed elastomer is evaluated through continuous tensile loading and unloading tests. Subsequently, complex structured elastomers are printed, exhibiting favorable mechanical durability without defects. The results obtained from this work will provide a reference for preparing elastomeric devices with excellent physical properties and expand the application scope of vat photopolymerization to new fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuqiang Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, China
| | - Longhui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongxian Zhuo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zixiang Weng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Bhanushali H, Mestry S, Mhaske ST. Castor oil‐based
UV
‐curable polyurethane acrylate resins for digital light processing (
DLP
)
3D
printing technology. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Bhanushali
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Siddhesh Mestry
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - S. T. Mhaske
- Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
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