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Wang Z, Xie S, Li L, Liu Z, Zhou W. Schisandrin C inhibits AKT1-regulated cell proliferation in A549 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113110. [PMID: 39260306 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Cancer poses a significant challenge to human health and remains a persistent and pressing issue. Schisandrin C is one of the active ingredients of Schisandra chinensis and has various biological and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Schisandrin C on lung cancer and the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS A network pharmacology strategy was used to screen the target genes and pathways involved in the relationship between Schisandrin and lung cancer. Next, a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) assay revealed the expression of genes specifically expressed in lung cancer epithelial cells. A549 cells were subsequently treated with Schisandrin C for 24 h or 48 h, cell viability was assessed via MTT and EdU staining experiments, and target gene expression was measured via RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, lung cancer patient tissues were observed via multiplex immunofluroscence staining. RESULTS AKT1, CA9, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2 and PIK3CA were overlapping target genes for network pharmacology and the scRNA-seq strategy. In vitro, the RT-qPCR results indicated that Schisandrin C inhibited the mRNA expression of the AKT1, CA9, FASN, MMP1, EGFR and BRAF genes. In clinical samples from patients with lung cancer, the expression levels of CA9 and AKT1 were found to be significantly higher in lung tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal (TAN) tissues. Moreover, the administration of an AKT kinase inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of Schisandrin C on A549 cells proliferation, whereas the administration of a CA9 inhibitor failed to have a similar effect. CONCLUSIONS Schisandrin C effectively suppressed the proliferation and viability of A549 cells. Its mechanism was related to the inhibition of the AKT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengyang Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhengcheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Wencheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Xu HN, Wang W, Li XZ, Sun Y, Li YZ, Deng C, Song XM, Zhang DD. A Review of Extraction and Purification, Biological Properties, Structure-Activity Relationships and Future Prospects of Schisandrin C: A Major Active Constituent of Schisandra Chinensis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301298. [PMID: 37990607 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, China has used natural medicine as the primary way to combat diseases and has a rich arsenal of natural medicines. With the progress of the times, the extraction of bioactive molecules from natural drugs has become the new development direction for natural medicines. Among the numerous natural drugs, Schisandrin C (Sch C), derived from Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. It has excellent potential for development and has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties, including hepatoprotective, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Based on the biological properties of hepatoprotection, scholars have explored Sch C and its synthetic products in depth; some studies have shown that pentosidine has the effect of improving the symptoms of liver fibrosis and reducing the concentration of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum of rats, which is an essential inspiration for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. But more in vivo and ex vivo studies still need to be included. This paper focuses on Sch C's extraction and synthesis, biological activities and drug development progress. The future application prospects of Sch C are discussed to perfect its development work further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Lodato M, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Kwapich M, Barras A, Buissart E, Dalle S, Szunerits S, Vicogne J, Boukherroub R, Abderrahmani A. Venom Peptides, Polyphenols and Alkaloids: Are They the Next Antidiabetics That Will Preserve β-Cell Mass and Function in Type 2 Diabetes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12060940. [PMID: 36980281 PMCID: PMC10047094 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and preservation of their mass are the current challenges that future antidiabetic drugs should meet for achieving efficient and long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The successful development of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues, derived from the saliva of a lizard from the Helodermatidae family, has provided the proof of concept that antidiabetic drugs directly targeting pancreatic β-cells can emerge from venomous animals. The literature reporting on the antidiabetic effects of medicinal plants suggests that they contain some promising active substances such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which could be active as insulin secretagogues and β-cell protectors. In this review, we discuss the potential of several polyphenols, alkaloids and venom peptides from snake, frogs, scorpions and cone snails. These molecules could contribute to the development of new efficient antidiabetic medicines targeting β-cells, which would tackle the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lodato
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxime Kwapich
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Service de Diabétologie et d’Endocrinologie, CH Dunkerque, 59385 Dunkirk, France
| | - Alexandre Barras
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeline Buissart
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-362531704
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Qizhi Kebitong Formula Ameliorates Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Osteoporosis through Regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4469766. [PMID: 36046447 PMCID: PMC9420605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4469766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a progressive osteoblast dysfunction induced by high glucose, which has negative impacts on bone homeostasis. Qizhi Kebitong formula (QKF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for treating DOP. However, its role in the protection of DOP has not been clarified yet. Here, we aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of QKF on DOP development via in vivo experiment. Methods Network pharmacology was used to detect the key targets and signaling pathways of QKF on DOP. The effects of QKF on DOP were examined by the phenotypic characteristics, micro-CT, and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The predicted targets and pathways were validated by a streptozocin- (STZ-) induced mouse model. Subsequently, the levels of the selected genes and proteins were analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, AutoDock and PyMOL were used for molecular docking. Results In this study, 90 active compounds and 2970 related disease targets have been found through network pharmacology. And QKF could improve the microstructures of femur bone mass, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, and downregulate the levels of TNF-α, IKBKB, IL-6, and IL-1β. Moreover, the underlying effect of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathways was also recommended in the treatment. Conclusion Altogether, our findings suggested that QKF could markedly alleviate osteoblast dysfunction by modulating the key targets and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Kim MR, Cho SY, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Nguyen UTT, Ha NM, Choi KY, Cha KH, Kim JH, Kim WK, Kang K. Schisandrin C improves leaky gut conditions in intestinal cell monolayer, organoid, and nematode models by increasing tight junction protein expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154209. [PMID: 35689901 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaky gut symptoms and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with damaged intestinal mucosa, intestinal permeability dysfunction by epithelial cell cytoskeleton contraction, disrupted intercellular tight junction (TJ) protein expression, and abnormal immune responses and are intractable diseases. PURPOSE We evaluated the effects of schisandrin C, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan from Schisandra chinensis, on intestinal inflammation and permeability dysfunction in gut mimetic systems: cultured intestinal cells, intestinal organoids, and a Caenorhabditis elegans model. METHODS Schisandrin C was selected from 9 lignan compounds from S. chinensis based on its anti-inflammatory effects in HT-29 human intestinal cells. IL-1β and Pseudomonas aeruginosa supernatants were used to disrupt intestinal barrier formation in vitro and in C. elegans, respectively. The effects of schisandrin C on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and intestinal permeability were evaluated in intestinal cell monolayers, and its effect on intestinal permeability dysfunction was tested in mouse intestinal organoids and C. elegans by measuring fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran efflux. The effect of schisandrin C on TJ protein expression was investigated by western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. The signaling pathway underlying these effects was also elucidated. RESULTS Schisandrin C ameliorated intestinal permeability dysfunction in three IBD model systems and enhanced epithelial barrier formation via upregulation of ZO-1 and occludin in intestinal cell monolayers and intestinal organoids. In Caco-2 cells, schisandrin C restored IL-1β-mediated increases in MLCK and p-MLC expression, in turn blocking cytoskeletal contraction and subsequent intestinal permeabilization. Schisandrin C inhibited NF-ĸB and p38 MAPK signaling, which regulates MLCK expression and structural reorganization of the TJ complex in Caco-2 cells. Schisandrin C significantly improved abnormal FITC-dextran permeabilization in both intestinal organoids and C. elegans. CONCLUSION Schisandrin C significantly improves abnormal intestinal permeability and regulates the expression of TJ proteins, long MLCK, p-MLC, and inflammation-related proteins, which are closely related to leaky gut symptoms and IBD development. Therefore, schisandrin C is a candidate to treat leaky gut symptoms and IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ri Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25457, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Uyen Tran Tu Nguyen
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Ngoc Minh Ha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25457, South Korea
| | - Won Kyu Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea.
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea.
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