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Milala J, Kosmala M, Sójka M, Kołodziejczyk K, Klewicki R, Król M, Karlińska E, Rój E. Rosa rugosa Low Caloric Fiber Protein Preparations Rich in Antioxidant Flavanols and Ellagitannins. Molecules 2023; 28:8021. [PMID: 38138511 PMCID: PMC10745736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Defatted seed residues after the extraction of rose oil have their potential not fully described in the existing literature. The aim of this study was to determine and characterize the components important for the human body that are found in Rosa rugosa defatted seeds, including dietary fibers, proteins, selected minerals, polyphenols and antioxidant activity. Rosa rugosa seeds defatted with CO2 in supercritical conditions are a rich source of dietary fibers (approx. 65%) and proteins (15%); their macronutrients include the following: Ca (175.9), Mg (83.9), K (199.2) and Na (3.5 mg/100 g). They also contain polyphenols, including flavanols (0.9%) and total ellagic acid (0.5%), and they exhibit antioxidant activity (143.8 µM TAEC/g). Tellimagrandin I and II and rugosin A were found in the extracts, and ellagitannins with a yet-indeterminate structure were also present. The seeds also contained ellagitannin derivatives-galloyl-HHDP-glucose and bis-HHDP-glucose-at the same time, and they are characterized by a low-fat content-0.4%. The energy value of defatted rose seeds is about half the energy value of popular seeds used in the food industry. The findings of the present study suggest that defatted rosehip seeds, the by-product of rosehip processing, could be an important source of bioactive components like dietary fibers, flavanols, ellagitannins and mineral compounds. Therefore, defatted rose seeds are very promising and require further research, because they can potentially be used as a natural source of chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Milala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.); (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.); (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.); (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Sugar Industry and Food Safety Management, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Robert Klewicki
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.); (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Magdalena Król
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.); (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Elżbieta Karlińska
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, B. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.); (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Edward Rój
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
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Guo C, Huang Q, Wang Y, Yao Y, Li J, Chen J, Wu M, Zhang Z, E M, Qi H, Ji P, Liu Q, Zhao D, Su H, Qi W, Li X. Therapeutic application of natural products: NAD + metabolism as potential target. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154768. [PMID: 36948143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism is involved in the entire physiopathological process and is critical to human health. Long-term imbalance in NAD+ homeostasis is associated with various diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and cancer, making it a potential target for effective therapeutic strategies. Currently, several natural products that target NAD+ metabolism have been widely reported to have significant therapeutic effects, but systematic summaries are lacking. PURPOSE To summarize the latest findings on the prevention and treatment of various diseases through the regulation of NAD+ metabolism by various natural products in vivo and in vitro models, and evaluate the toxicities of the natural products. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched using the keywords "natural products sources," "toxicology," "NAD+ clinical trials," and "NAD+," and/or paired with "natural products" and "diseases" for studies published within the last decade until January 2023. RESULTS We found that the natural products mainly include phenols (curcumin, cyclocurcumin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, salvianolic acid B, pterostilbene, EGCG), flavonoids (pinostrobin, apigenin, acacetin, tilianin, kaempferol, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, luteolin, silybin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, scutellarin), glycosides (salidroside), quinones (emodin, embelin, β-LAPachone, shikonin), terpenoids (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside F2, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg3, thymoquinone, genipin), pyrazines (tetramethylpyrazine), alkaloids (evodiamine, berberine), and phenylpropanoids (ferulic acid). These natural products have antioxidant, energy-producing, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-aging effects, which mainly influence the NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, Nrf2/HO-1, PKCs/PARPs/NF-κB, and AMPK/Nrf2/mTOR signaling pathways, thereby regulating NAD+ metabolism to prevent and treat various diseases. These natural products have been shown to be safe, tolerable and have fewer adverse effects in various in vivo and in vitro studies and clinical trials. CONCLUSION We evaluated the toxic effects of natural products and summarized the available clinical trials on NAD+ metabolism, as well as the recent advances in the therapeutic application of natural products targeting NAD+ metabolism, with the aim to provide new insights into the treatment of multiple disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yisa Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jing Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hang Su
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
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Tsirigotis-Maniecka M, Zaczyńska E, Czarny A, Jadczyk P, Umińska-Wasiluk B, Gancarz R, Pawlaczyk-Graja I. Antioxidant and Protective Effects of the Polyphenolic Glycoconjugate from Agrimonia eupatoria L. Herb in the Prevention of Inflammation in Human Cells. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040182. [PMID: 37103272 PMCID: PMC10142550 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, structural and biological studies of a complex biopolymer (polyphenolic glycoconjugate) isolated from the flowering parts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. (AE) are presented. Spectroscopic analyses (UV–Vis and 1H NMR) of the aglycone component of AE confirmed that it consists mainly of aromatic and aliphatic structures characteristic of polyphenols. AE showed significant free radical elimination activity, i.e., ABTS+ and DPPH·, and was an effective copper reducing agent in the CUPRAC test, eventually proving that AE is a powerful antioxidant. AE was nontoxic to human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) and was nongenotoxic to S. typhimurium bacterial strains TA98 and TA100. Moreover, AE did not induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) by human pulmonary vein (HPVE-26) endothelial cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These findings correlated with the low activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in these cells, which plays an important role in the regulation of the expression of genes responsible for inflammatory mediator synthesis. The AE properties described here suggest that it may be useful for protecting cells from the adverse consequences of oxidative stress and could be valuable as a biomaterial for surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tsirigotis-Maniecka
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-713203849
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Immunobiology, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Czarny
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Immunobiology, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Jadczyk
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Umińska-Wasiluk
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roman Gancarz
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Izabela Pawlaczyk-Graja
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Nutritional and Polyphenolic Composition of Agrimonia procera Wallr. from Experimental Cultivation with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217597. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Agrimonia, including fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr., mainly used as pharmaceutical raw material, perfectly fit into the current trends in nutrition and food technology that are searching for organic raw materials with high contents of bioactive compounds, such as dietary polyphenols and fiber. The aim of the research was to determine the nutritional and polyphenolic composition of fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr. from experimental cultivation with varying levels of nitrogen fertilization in the nitrate, ammonium, or amide forms. In the experimental cultivation of fragrant agrimony in a seeding medium with a moderately high level of mineral content, the aerial parts, especially the leaves, were characterized by contents protein, dietary fiber, fat, and polyphenols at levels of 11.5, 58.0, 3.0, and 10.5% of dry matter, respectively, and an energy value of about 260 kcal/100 g of dry matter. The effect of additional nitrogen fertilization, in the form of ammonium nitrate and urea, on the content and yield of nutrients and polyphenol in fragrant agrimony depends both on the dose and the form of nitrogen, as well as the morphological part, of the plant.
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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research in Agrimonia eupatoria L. Herb Extract with Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Properties. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182371. [PMID: 36145771 PMCID: PMC9502318 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The most promising plant from the genus Agrimony (Agrimonia L.) of the Rosaceae family for use in medical practice is Agrimonia eupatoria L. Phytochemical and pharmacological research in Agrimonia eupatoria L. herb extract, obtained with using 40% ethanol solution as an extractant were carried out. A total of 11 free and 17 bound monosaccharides, 17 amino acids were found in the studied extract, 9 of which are essential. Gallic and ellagic acids, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate were identified in the extract of A. eupatoria by the HPLC method; as well as hydroxycinnamic acids: hydroxyphenylacetate, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, cinnamic and quinic acid; flavonoids: quercetin-3-D-glucoside (isoquercitrin), neohesperidin, naringenin, luteolin were found, and their quantitative content was determined, as well by spectrophotometric methods. The herb extract of A. eupatoria belongs to practically non-toxic substances and has pronounced anti-inflammatory (at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg anti-exudative activity reached a maximum in 5 h (88.17%)) and hepatoprotective activity (at a dose of 25 mg/kg it reduce AlAt level by 1.1 and 1.2 times, respectively; AsAt by 1.2 and 1.1 times, respectively), reduces the level of lipid peroxidation and stabilizes the membrane structures of liver cells. Thus, the herb extract of A. eupatoria is a promising substance for the creation of phytomedicines with anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity.
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