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Malekan M, Haass NK, Rokni GR, Gholizadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Kazeminejad A. VEGF/VEGFR axis and its signaling in melanoma: Current knowledge toward therapeutic targeting agents and future perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 345:122563. [PMID: 38508233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer-associated deaths globally. The progression of melanoma is influenced by a number of pathogenic processes. Understanding the VEGF/VEGFR axis, which includes VEGF-A, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D and their receptors, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, is of great importance in melanoma due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. This axis generates multifactorial and complex cellular signaling, engaging the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, PKC, PLC-γ, and FAK signaling pathways. Melanoma cell growth and proliferation, migration and metastasis, survival, and acquired resistance to therapy are influenced by this axis. The VEGF/VEGFR axis was extensively examined for their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in melanoma patients and results showed that VEGF overexpression can be associated with unfavorable prognosis, higher level of tumor invasion and poor response to therapy. MicroRNAs linking to the VEGF/VEGFR axis were identified and, in this review, divided into two categories according to their functions, some of them promote melanoma angiogenesis (promotive group) and some restrict melanoma angiogenesis (protective group). In addition, the approach of treating melanoma by targeting the VEGF/VEGFR axis has garnered significant interest among researchers. These agents can be divided into two main groups: anti-VEGF and VEGFR inhibitors. These therapeutic options may be a prominent step along with the modern targeting and immune therapies for better coverage of pathological processes leading to melanoma progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | | | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armaghan Kazeminejad
- Department of Dermatology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari, Iran
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Cai L, Zuo X, Ma L, Zhang Y, Xu F, Lu B. Associations of MMP9 polymorphism with the risk of severe pneumonia in a Southern Chinese children population. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38166679 PMCID: PMC10763005 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pneumonia frequently causes irreversible sequelae and represents a major health burden for children under the age of 5. Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is involved in various cellular processes. The correlation between MMP9 and the risk of severe childhood pneumonia remains unclear. METHODS Here we assemble a case-control cohort to study the association of genetic variants in MMP9 gene with severe childhood pneumonia susceptibility in a Southern Chinese population (1034 cases and 8426 controls). RESULTS Our results indicate that the allele G in rs3918262 SNP was significantly associated with an increased risk of severe pneumonia. Bioinformatic analyses by expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), RegulomeDB and FORGEdb database analysis showed that rs3918262 SNP has potential regulatory effect on translational efficiency and protein level of MMP9 gene. Furthermore, MMP9 concentrations were significantly up-regulated in the bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) of children with severe pneumonia. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggest that MMP9 is a novel predisposing gene for childhood pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Liuheyi Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Falin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
| | - Bingtai Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Sanie-Jahromi F, Zia Z, Afarid M. A review on the effect of garlic on diabetes, BDNF, and VEGF as a potential treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Chin Med 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36803536 PMCID: PMC9936729 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic is one of the favorite herbs in traditional medicine that has been reported to have many medicinal features. The aim of the current study is to review the latest documents on the effect of garlic on diabetes, VEGF, and BDNF and, finally, to review the existing studies on the effect of garlic on diabetic retinopathy. MAIN TEXT The therapeutic effect of garlic on diabetes has been investigated in various studies. Diabetes, especially in advanced stages, is associated with complications such as diabetic retinopathy, which is caused by the alteration in the expression of molecular factors involved in angiogenesis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation in the retina. There are different in-vitro and in-vivo reports on the effect of garlic on each of these processes. Considering the present concept, we extracted the most related English articles from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus English databases from 1980 to 2022. All in-vitro and animal studies, clinical trials, research studies, and review articles in this area were assessed and classified. RESULT AND CONCLUSION According to previous studies, garlic has been confirmed to have beneficial antidiabetic, antiangiogenesis, and neuroprotective effects. Along with the available clinical evidence, it seems that garlic can be suggested as a complementary treatment option alongside common treatments for patients with diabetic retinopathy. However, more detailed clinical studies are needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Zia
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Afarid
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
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Inhibition Effect of Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis via Activation of AMPK in Preadipocytes Treated with Canavalia gladiata Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032108. [PMID: 36768430 PMCID: PMC9916869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Canavalia gladiata extract (CGE) on the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and evaluate the adipogenesis and lipogenesis mechanisms. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, lipid accumulation and differentiation were suppressed by 1.1, 1.3, and 1.4 times under the CGE treatment at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The expression of the main genes involved in the inhibition of adipogenesis was evaluated at the mRNA level via a transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The extract at 1.0 mg/mL increased the mRNA expressions of AMPK and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) by 1.9 and 1.2 times, respectively, while it decreased the expression of sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) by 1.1, 1.2, 1.8, and 1.5 times, respectively, indicating inhibition of the adipogenesis and lipogenesis potential of CGE. Gallic acid (4.02 mg/g) was identified as the main component of the CGE via LC-MS/MS and HPLC analysis. The results of this study suggested that CGE can be utilized as an anti-obesity food additive or medication by activating the AMPK-induced regulation and suppressing adipogenesis transcription factors.
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PARK JH, KIM JH, OH YS, LEE EJ, HONG JW, KIM JW. Effects of Cirsium setidens extract on gene expression related to apoptosis induction and metastasis inhibition in human breast cancer. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.127722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Woo KIM
- Sun Moon University, Korea; Sun Moon University, Korea; Tangjeong-myeon, Korea
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Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract against Different Bacteria Such as Streptococcus mutans and Poryphormonas gingivalis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to discover innovative and effective alternative antibacterial agents. Garlic has been recommended as a medicinal plant with antibacterial qualities. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ultrasonicated garlic extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus sub. aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Poryphyromonas gingivalis. Aqueous ultrasonicated garlic extract was tested against these strains, and their antibacterial activity quantified using both agar disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods; the plate count technique was used to estimate the total viable count. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microplate spectrophotometry were used to characterize garlic nanoparticles. The results confirmed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to both sonicated and non-sonicated garlic extracts. Streptococcus mutans was the most susceptible bacteria; on the other hand, Escherichia coli was the most resistant bacteria. Furthermore, characterization of the prepared garlic nanoparticles, showed the presence of organosulfur and phenolic compounds, carboxyl groups, and protein particles. Based on the obtained results, ultrasonicated garlic extract is a potent antibacterial agent. It can come in handy while developing novel antibiotics against bacteria that have developed resistance.
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