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Orfali R, Alwatban AZ, Orfali RS, Lau L, Chea N, Alotaibi AM, Nam YW, Zhang M. Oxidative stress and ion channels in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1320086. [PMID: 38348223 PMCID: PMC10859863 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1320086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurodegenerative diseases result from altered ion channel function and mutations. The intracellular redox status can significantly alter the gating characteristics of ion channels. Abundant neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress have been documented, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, spinocerebellar ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species compounds trigger posttranslational alterations that target specific sites within the subunits responsible for channel assembly. These alterations include the adjustment of cysteine residues through redox reactions induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitration, and S-nitrosylation assisted by nitric oxide of tyrosine residues through peroxynitrite. Several ion channels have been directly investigated for their functional responses to oxidizing agents and oxidative stress. This review primarily explores the relationship and potential links between oxidative stress and ion channels in neurodegenerative conditions, such as cerebellar ataxias and Parkinson's disease. The potential correlation between oxidative stress and ion channels could hold promise for developing innovative therapies for common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Orfali
- Neuroscience Research Department, Research Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Z. Alwatban
- Neuroscience Research Department, Research Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Liz Lau
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Noble Chea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Abdullah M. Alotaibi
- Neuroscience Research Department, Research Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young-Woo Nam
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United States
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Puthillathu N, Moffett JR, Korotcov A, Bosomtwi A, Vengilote R, Krishnan JKS, Johnson EA, Arun P, Namboodiri AM. Brief isoflurane administration as an adjunct treatment to control organophosphate-induced convulsions and neuropathology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1293280. [PMID: 38230376 PMCID: PMC10790757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1293280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate-based chemical agents (OP), including nerve agents and certain pesticides such as paraoxon, are potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that cause severe convulsions and seizures, leading to permanent central nervous system (CNS) damage if not treated promptly. The current treatment regimen for OP poisoning is intramuscular injection of atropine sulfate with an oxime such as pralidoxime (2-PAM) to mitigate cholinergic over-activation of the somatic musculature and autonomic nervous system. This treatment does not provide protection against CNS cholinergic overactivation and therefore convulsions require additional medication. Benzodiazepines are the currently accepted treatment for OP-induced convulsions, but the convulsions become refractory to these GABAA agonists and repeated dosing has diminishing effectiveness. As such, adjunct anticonvulsant treatments are needed to provide improved protection against recurrent and prolonged convulsions and the associated excitotoxic CNS damage that results from them. Previously we have shown that brief, 4-min administration of 3%-5% isoflurane in 100% oxygen has profound anticonvulsant and CNS protective effects when administered 30 min after a lethal dose of paraoxon. In this report we provide an extended time course of the effectiveness of 5% isoflurane delivered for 5 min, ranging from 60 to 180 min after a lethal dose of paraoxon in rats. We observed substantial effectiveness in preventing neuronal loss as shown by Fluoro-Jade B staining when isoflurane was administered 1 h after paraoxon, with diminishing effectiveness at 90, 120 and 180 min. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived T2 and mean diffusivity (MD) values showed that 5-min isoflurane administration at a concentration of 5% prevents brain edema and tissue damage when administered 1 h after a lethal dose of paraoxon. We also observed reduced astrogliosis as shown by GFAP immunohistochemistry. Studies with continuous EEG monitoring are ongoing to demonstrate effectiveness in animal models of soman poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Puthillathu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Neuroscience Program and Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Neuroscience Program and Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexandru Korotcov
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Asamoah Bosomtwi
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ranjini Vengilote
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Neuroscience Program and Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jishnu K. S. Krishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Neuroscience Program and Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erik A. Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Neuroscience Program and Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Neuroscience Program and Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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