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Monzote L, Machín L, González A, Scull R, Gutiérrez YI, Satyal P, Gille L, Setzer WN. Eugenol-Rich Essential Oil from Pimenta dioica: In Vitro and In Vivo Potentialities against Leishmania amazonensis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:64. [PMID: 38256897 PMCID: PMC10819736 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pimenta dioica L. is one the most recognized species with diverse biological activities. In this study, in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of essential oil from P. dioica (EO-Pd) was evaluated. The main compound was also included in the animal studies and its in silico prediction related to biological activities, molecular ligands, drug likeness, and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties are listed. The chemical composition analyzed by GC-MS retrieved 45 components, which the most abundant compound was the eugenol (80.1%). The EO-Pd was able to inhibit the growth of L. amazonensis (IC50 = 9.7 ± 0.7 and 11.3 ± 2.1 µg/mL, promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively). The cytotoxicity assay showed a CC50 of 104.5 ± 0.9 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 9. In the model of cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice, the effect of EO-Pd and eugenol was observed after treatment at 30 mg/kg by intralesional route with 5 administrations every 4 days. In the in silico predictions, some targets that justified the antileishmanial activity of eugenol and good drug like properties for this compound, were obtained. This study showed for first time the potential of EO-Pd to inhibit L. amazonensis, which could be linked to the activity of major compound eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Center of Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, Havana 17100, Cuba
- Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND), 48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Laura Machín
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Adiel González
- Parasitology Department, Center of Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Yamilet I. Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA;
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND), 48149 Munster, Germany
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Wu CY, Huang CK, Hong WS, Liu YH, Shih MC, Lin JC. Influence of Symbiotic Fermentation Broth on Regulating Metabolism with Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles Is Estimated Using a Third-Generation Sequencing Platform. Metabolites 2023; 13:999. [PMID: 37755279 PMCID: PMC10535509 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition with a high-fat or high-sugar diet is widely considered to be the risk factor for various metabolic, chronic, or malignant diseases that are accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota, metabolites, and downstream pathways. In this study, we investigated supplementation with soybean fermentation broth containing saponin (SFBS, also called SAPOZYME) in male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat-fructose diet or normal chaw. In addition to the lessening of weight gain, the influence of SFBS on reducing hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia associated with a high-fat-fructose diet was estimated using the results of related biological tests. The results of gut microbial profiling indicated that the high-fat-fructose diet mediated increases in opportunistic pathogens. In contrast, SFBS supplementation reprogrammed the high-fat-fructose diet-related microbial community with a relatively high abundance of potential probiotics, including Akkermansia and Lactobacillus genera. The metagenomic functions of differential microbial composition in a mouse model and enrolled participants were assessed using the PICRUSt2 algorithm coupled with the MetaCyc and the KEGG Orthology databases. SFBS supplementation exerted a similar influence on an increase in the level of 4-aminobutanoate (also called GABA) through the L-glutamate degradation pathway in the mouse model and the enrolled healthy population. These results suggest the beneficial influence of SFBS supplementation on metabolic disorders associated with a high-fat-fructose diet, and SFBS may function as a nutritional supplement for people with diverse requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yin Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 116, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Kai Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Sheng Hong
- Sagittarius Life Science Corporations, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-S.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (M.-C.S.)
| | - Yin-Hsiu Liu
- Sagittarius Life Science Corporations, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-S.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (M.-C.S.)
| | - Ming-Chi Shih
- Sagittarius Life Science Corporations, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-S.H.); (Y.-H.L.); (M.-C.S.)
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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