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Mashkoor F, Shoeb M, Jeong C. Alginate Modified Magnetic Polypyrrole Nanocomposite for the Adsorptive Removal of Heavy Metal. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4285. [PMID: 37959965 PMCID: PMC10650565 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals with high acute toxicity in wastewater poses a substantial risk to both the environment and human health. To address this issue, we developed a nanocomposite of alginate-encapsulated polypyrrole (PPy) decorated with α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Alg@Mag/PPy NCs), fabricated for the removal of mercury(II) from synthetic wastewater. In the adsorption experiments, various parameters were examined to identify the ideal conditions. These parameters included temperature (ranging from 298 to 323 K), initial pH levels (ranging from two to nine), interaction time, amount of adsorbent (from 8 to 80 mg/40 mL), and initial concentrations (from 10 to 200 mg/L). The results of these studies demonstrated that the removal efficiency of mercury(II) was obtained to be 95.58% at the optimum pH of 7 and a temperature of 303 K. The analysis of adsorption kinetics demonstrated that the removal of mercury(II) adhered closely to the pseudo-second-order model. Additionally, it displayed a three-stage intraparticle diffusion model throughout the entire adsorption process. The Langmuir model most accurately represented equilibrium data. The Alg@Mag/PPy NCs exhibited an estimated maximum adsorption capacity of 213.72 mg/g at 303 K, surpassing the capacities of most of the other polymer-based adsorbents previously reported. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the removal of mercury(II) from the Alg@Mag/PPy NCs was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. In summary, this study suggests that Alg@Mag/PPy NCs could serve as a promising choice for confiscating toxic heavy metal ions from wastewater through adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changyoon Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (F.M.); (M.S.)
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Allwin Mabes Raj AFP, Bauman M, Dimitrušev N, Ali LMA, Onofre M, Gary-Bobo M, Durand JO, Lobnik A, Košak A. Superparamagnetic Spinel-Ferrite Nano-Adsorbents Adapted for Hg 2+, Dy 3+, Tb 3+ Removal/Recycling: Synthesis, Characterization, and Assessment of Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10072. [PMID: 37373219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, superparamagnetic adsorbents based on 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (APTMS)-coated maghemite (γFe2O3@SiO2-NH2) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4@SiO2-NH2) nanoparticles were prepared and characterized using transmission-electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM/EDXS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), specific surface-area measurements (BET), zeta potential (ζ) measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and magnetometry (VSM). The adsorption of Dy3+, Tb3+, and Hg2+ ions onto adsorbent surfaces in model salt solutions was tested. The adsorption was evaluated in terms of adsorption efficiency (%), adsorption capacity (mg/g), and desorption efficiency (%) based on the results of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Both adsorbents, γFe2O3@SiO2-NH2 and CoFe2O4@SiO2-NH2, showed high adsorption efficiency toward Dy3+, Tb3+, and Hg2+ ions, ranging from 83% to 98%, while the adsorption capacity reached the following values of Dy3+, Tb3+, and Hg2+, in descending order: Tb (4.7 mg/g) > Dy (4.0 mg/g) > Hg (2.1 mg/g) for γFe2O3@SiO2-NH2; and Tb (6.2 mg/g) > Dy (4.7 mg/g) > Hg (1.2 mg/g) for CoFe2O4@SiO2-NH2. The results of the desorption with 100% of the desorbed Dy3+, Tb3+, and Hg2+ ions in an acidic medium indicated the reusability of both adsorbents. A cytotoxicity assessment of the adsorbents on human-skeletal-muscle derived cells (SKMDCs), human fibroblasts, murine macrophage cells (RAW264.7), and human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was conducted. The survival, mortality, and hatching percentages of zebrafish embryos were monitored. All the nanoparticles showed no toxicity in the zebrafish embryos until 96 hpf, even at a high concentration of 500 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F P Allwin Mabes Raj
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Environmental Science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors (IOS) Ltd., Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Bauman
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors (IOS) Ltd., Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nena Dimitrušev
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors (IOS) Ltd., Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Onofre
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Lobnik
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors (IOS) Ltd., Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aljoša Košak
- Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Zhang S, Qian L, Zhou Y, Guo Y. High selective removal towards Hg(II) from aqueous solution with magnetic diatomite-based adsorbent functionalized by poly(3-aminothiophenol): conditional optimization, application, and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56121-56136. [PMID: 36913017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel diatomite-based (DMT) material was obtained by post-functionalization of DMT/CoFe2O4 with 3-aminothiophenol and applied to remove Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. The obtained adsorbent of DMT/CoFe2O4-p-ATP was detected by various characterization means. The optimization of response surface methodology reveals that magnetic diatomite-based material of DMT/CoFe2O4-p-ATP has an optimal adsorption capability of 213.2 mg/g towards Hg(II). The removal process of Hg(II) is fitted well to pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, indicating that the adsorption process is controlled by monolayer chemisorption. DMT/CoFe2O4-p-ATP exhibits superior affinity towards Hg(II) through electrostatic attraction and surface chelation, compared with other coexisting heavy metal ions. Meanwhile, the prepared adsorbent DMT/CoFe2O4-p-ATP displays excellent recyclability, good magnetic separation performance, and satisfying stability. The as-prepared diatomite-based DMT/CoFe2O4-p-ATP can be a promising adsorbent for mercury ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yongfu Guo
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China.
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Khorram Abadi V, Habibi D, Heydari S, Ariannezhad M. The effective removal of Ni 2+, Cd 2+, and Pb 2+ from aqueous solution by adenine-based nano-adsorbent. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5970-5982. [PMID: 36816085 PMCID: PMC9936600 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metal ions in drinking and wastewater generates environmental and human health concerns as they are known as cumulative poisons. Therefore, the purification of contaminated waters is an important ecological issue. Various techniques have been developed to address this issue, where adsorption has received widespread attention. The facile synthesis of effective adenine-based nano-adsorbents is reported and adsorptive removal of Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous media was investigated by inductively-coupled plasma analyses, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature were optimized. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved at pH = 7, an adsorbent dose of 25 mg, and an initial concentration of 50 mg L-1 at 25 °C. A thermodynamic study showed that adsorption is an endothermic process, and the Langmuir model fitted well to the ion adsorption data to reveal that the maximum adsorption capacities for Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ were 273.7, 252.4, and 249.8 mg g-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Khorram Abadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 81 38380709 +98 81 38380922
| | - Davood Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 81 38380709 +98 81 38380922
| | | | - Maryam Ariannezhad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 81 38380709 +98 81 38380922
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Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Guo Y, Zheng X. Selective adsorption of Hg(ii) with diatomite-based mesoporous materials functionalized by pyrrole-thiophene copolymers: condition optimization, application and mechanism. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33160-33174. [PMID: 36425157 PMCID: PMC9673902 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05938j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel diatomite-based mesoporous material of MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) was prepared with MCM-41 as carrier and functionalized with the copolymer of pyrrole and thiophene. The physicochemical characteristics of the as-prepared materials were characterized by various characterization means. The removal behaviour of Hg(ii) was adequately investigated via series of single factor experiments and some vital influence factors were optimized via response surface methodology method. The results exhibit that diatomite-based materials MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) has an optimal adsorption capability of 537.15 mg g-1 towards Hg(ii) at pH = 7.1. The removal process of Hg(ii) onto MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) is controlled by monolayer chemisorption based on the fitting results of pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models. In addition, the adsorption of Hg(ii) ions onto MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) is mainly completed through forming a stable complex with N or S atoms in MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) by electrostatic attraction and chelation. The as-developed MCM-41/co-(PPy-Tp) displays excellent recyclability and stabilization, has obviously selective adsorption for Hg(ii) in the treatment of actual electroplating wastewater. Diatomite-based mesoporous material functionalized by the copolymer of pyrrole and thiophene exhibits promising application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Yongfu Guo
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou 215009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Municipal Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
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Chen Q, Zhang L, Shan Y, Liu Y, Zhao D. Novel Magnetically Driven Superhydrophobic Sponges Coated with Asphaltene/Kaolin Nanoparticles for Effective Oil Spill Cleanup. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3527. [PMID: 36234658 PMCID: PMC9565408 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast and effective cleanup of oil spills remains a global challenge. A modified commercial sponge with superhydrophobicity, strong absorption capacity, outstanding magnetic response, and fire resistance were fabricated by a facile and inexpensive route of dip-coated melamine sponge carbonization. The low-cost petroleum asphaltene and kaolin nanoparticles were used as the dip-coating reagent. High absorption capacity of the fabricated sponges allowed rapid and continuous removal of oil contaminants. Taking advantage of the good refractory property, the sponges can be used in burning conditions and directly reused after burning out of the absorbed oil. Reusability tests showed that the modified sponges still maintained high absorption capacity (>85%) after six regeneration and reuse cycles. These characteristics make the fabricated sponge a promising aid to promote effective in situ burning cleanup of oil spills, contributing as a magnetic oil collector and a fire-resistant flexible boom. An example usage scenario of the sponges applied to in situ burning cleanup of oil spills is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yuanhang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yindong Liu
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Co., Ltd., Beijing 100195, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Pattnayak S, Sahoo U, Choudhury S, Hota G. Silver nanoparticles embedded sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots: A fluorescent nanosensor for detection of mercury ions in aqueous media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Xu Y, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Yang J, Shen S, Zhang G, Guo Y, Zheng X. Efficient removal of Hg2+ by L-cysteine and polypyrrole-functionalized magnetic kaolin: condition optimization, model fitting and mechanism. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposites for Water Treatment Applications: A Holistic Perspective. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122462. [PMID: 35746038 PMCID: PMC9231113 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution remains one of the greatest challenges in the modern era, and water treatment strategies have continually been improved to meet the increasing demand for safe water. In the last few decades, tremendous research has been carried out toward developing selective and efficient polymeric adsorbents and membranes. However, developing non-toxic, biocompatible, cost-effective, and efficient polymeric nanocomposites is still being explored. In polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and/or nanoparticles are dispersed in polymeric matrices such as dendrimer, cellulose, resins, etc., to improve their mechanical, thermophysical, and physicochemical properties. Several techniques can be used to develop polymer nanocomposites, and the most prevalent methods include mixing, melt-mixing, in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, and selective laser sintering techniques. Emerging technologies for polymer nanocomposite development include selective laser sintering and microwave-assisted techniques, proffering solutions to aggregation challenges and other morphological defects. Available and emerging techniques aim to produce efficient, durable, and cost-effective polymer nanocomposites with uniform dispersion and minimal defects. Polymer nanocomposites are utilized as filtering membranes and adsorbents to remove chemical contaminants from aqueous media. This study covers the synthesis and usage of various polymeric nanocomposites in water treatment, as well as the major criteria that influence their performance, and highlights challenges and considerations for future research.
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da Silva DJ, Rosa DS. Chromium removal capability, water resistance and mechanical behavior of foams based on cellulose nanofibrils with citric acid. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Xu X, Guo Q, Yang C, Hu Z, Chen Q, Hu J. Highly effective removal of Hg( ii) solution using corn bract@MoS 2 as a new biomass adsorbent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31792-31800. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05638k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As known, mercury contamination is one of the current environmental issues due to the high toxicity of mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Machinery, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118001, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Guo
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Chengyue Yang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Machinery, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, 118001, P. R. China
| | - Jianshe Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
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Niu HY, Li X, Li J. Dithiocarbamate modification of activated carbon for the efficient removal of Pb( ii), Cd( ii), and Cu( ii) from wastewater. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proposed adsorption mechanisms: ion exchange and chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xueting Li
- College of Environmental Science Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Shen J, Zhang S, Zeng Z, Huang J, Shen Y, Guo Y. Synthesis of Magnetic Short-Channel Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 Modified with a Polypyrrole/Polyaniline Copolymer for the Removal of Mercury Ions from Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25791-25806. [PMID: 34632235 PMCID: PMC8495851 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic short-channel mesoporous silica SBA-15 composite adsorbent was prepared by the copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline. The prepared novel nanoadsorbent polypyrrole-polyaniline/CoFe2O4-SBA-15 (PPy-PANI/M-SBA-15) has a significant adsorption effect on heavy metal mercury ions. The batch adsorption experiment was carried out to study the effects of various parameters including solution pH, initial concentration (C 0), adsorbent dose (dosage), temperature (T), and contact time on the adsorption effect. The analysis results of the response surface method (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) show that the importance for adsorption factors is pH > C 0 > T > dosage, and the maximum capacity of PPy-PANI/M-SBA-15 is 346.2 mg/g under the optimal conditions of pH = 6.7, T = 310 K, C 0 = 29.5 mg/L, and a dosage of 0.044 g/L. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model simulate the adsorption behavior of mercury ions. In addition, thermodynamic parameters indicate self-heating and reversible adsorption processes. A covalent bond is formed between the nitrogen-containing functional group and the mercury ions. Excellent magnetic properties and high reproducibility indicate that PPy-PANI/M-SBA-15 has excellent recyclability and environmentally friendly properties and can become a potential heavy metal ion adsorbent in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Shen
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jialun Huang
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yi Shen
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yongfu Guo
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water
Treatment, Suzhou University of Science
and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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