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Bojarska Z, Goławska W, Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka M, Makowski Ł. Reducing particulate emissions by using advanced engine oil nanoadditives based on molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13621. [PMID: 37604839 PMCID: PMC10442445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoadditives can be used to enhance lubricating properties of engine oils. Although many additives have been developed, molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes have attracted significant attention. In this study, we demonstrate that hybrid nanostructures based on these unique materials (MoS2/CNTs) positively affect engine oil lubricating properties. Hybrid nanostructures were produced via wet chemical synthesis in impinging jet reactor. This method is characterized by easy scalability and possible continuous operation, which are crucial in material commercialization. The application of 0.5 wt% suspension exhibited the best results, reducing the friction coefficient at the engine operating temperature by up to 26%. Nanoadditives protected the lubricated parts, causing their wear to be considerably lower than the base oil. The effect of nanoadditives on the quality of exhaust gases was also investigated, which has not yet been researched. The application of the oil with MoS2/CNT reduced the emissions of solid particles in the gasoline engine exhaust gas. The total volume of particles in the exhaust gas was reduced by 91% and 49% under idling and load-running conditions. This research showed that MoS2/CNTs can be successfully used as nanoadditives in engine oils for improving tribological properties, enhancing anti-wear performance, and reducing particle emissions in exhaust gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Goławska
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland.
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Birdsong BK, Hoogendoorn BW, Nilsson F, Andersson RL, Capezza AJ, Hedenqvist MS, Farris S, Guerrero A, Olsson RT. Large-scale synthesis of 2D-silica (SiO x) nanosheets using graphene oxide (GO) as a template material. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13037-13048. [PMID: 37492887 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was used in this study as a template to successfully synthesize silicon oxide (SiOx) based 2D-nanomaterials, adapting the same morphological features as the GO sheets. By performing a controlled condensation reaction using low concentrations of GO (<0.5 wt%), the study shows how to obtain 2D-nanoflakes, consisting of GO-flakes coated with a silica precursor that were ca. 500 nm in lateral diameter and ca. 1.5 nm in thickness. XPS revealed that the silanes had linked covalently with the GO sheets at the expense of the oxygen groups present on the GO surface. The GO template was shown to be fully removable through thermal treatment without affecting the nanoflake morphology of the pure SiOx-material, providing a methodology for large-scale preparation of SiOx-based 2D nanosheets with nearly identical dimensions as the GO template. The formation of SiOx sheets using a GO template was investigated for two different silane precursors, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), showing that both precursors were capable of accurately templating the graphene oxide template. Molecular modeling revealed that the choice of silane affected the number of layers coated on the GO sheets. Furthermore, rheological measurements showed that the relative viscosity was significantly affected by the specific surface area of the synthesized particles. The protocol used showed the ability to synthesize these types of nanoparticles using a common aqueous alcohol solvent, and yield larger amounts (∼1 g) of SiOx-sheets than what has been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn K Birdsong
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Billy W Hoogendoorn
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fritjof Nilsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Richard L Andersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Antonio J Capezza
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael S Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefano Farris
- DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Food Packaging Laboratory, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Richard T Olsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 11428, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rheological Properties of Engine Oil with Nano-Additives Based on MoS2 Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040581. [PMID: 35214910 PMCID: PMC8878157 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To enhance oil’s tribological and rheological properties, various nano-additives are used. An example of such a nano-additive is nanosized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Due to its unique properties, MoS2-based materials used as lubricants have attracted significant attention. In our previous work, we developed a novel, scalable, and low-cost method for MoS2-based materials production using an impinging jet reactor. Hybrid nanostructures based on MoS2 and carbon nanomaterials (MoS2/CNMs) decreased the friction factor of the base oil. In the present study, a mathematical model that accounts for the viscous heating effects in rheograms was formulated. The model was used to interpret the results of rheological measurements conducted for the base oil 10W40 and its mixtures with different nanosized lubricant additives. The model of the non-isothermal Couette flow allowed us to correct the rheograms of the engine oils in the region of high shear rates where viscous heating effects become significant. The temperature correlations for the consistency and flow behavior indexes were proposed. The nanohybrid suspensions of MoS2 in the base oil were found to have the lowest apparent viscosity at low temperatures, typical for the cold engine startup.
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Horst DJ, Duvoisin CA, De Almeida Vieira R, Arizpe JA, Segovia EAH, García-García A. Synthesis of 2D Heterostructures: MOS2/GO and MOS2/Graphene via Microdrop and CVD Deposition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x21500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to study the synthesis and characteristics of two-dimensional heterostructures (2D/2D) using pure molybdenum disulfide (MoS[Formula: see text] and doped with phosphorus at 5% and 15% combined with graphene oxide (GO) and graphene monolayer. These were deposited on silicon and copper substrates using two different deposition methods: Microdrop casting and chemical vapor deposition. Chemical and structural information of the samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Energy Dispersion X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). The results prove the synergy between the materials resulting in electronic coupling, making this system potential for applications in electronic devices such as sensors, resistors and capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo José Horst
- Laboratory of Materials and Mechanical, Manufacturing — LMMM, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 5th Floor, ZIP 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Adriano Duvoisin
- Laboratory of Materials and Mechanical, Manufacturing — LMMM, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 5th Floor, ZIP 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério De Almeida Vieira
- Laboratory of Materials and Mechanical, Manufacturing — LMMM, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 5th Floor, ZIP 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesús Alejandro Arizpe
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Modification of Nanostructures and M2D, Center for Investigation of Advanced Materials — CIMAV, S.C, Area of Polymeric Nanostructures and Nanocomputes, PIIT Park, ZIP 66628, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Esther Alejandra Huitrón Segovia
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Modification of Nanostructures and M2D, Center for Investigation of Advanced Materials — CIMAV, S.C, Area of Polymeric Nanostructures and Nanocomputes, PIIT Park, ZIP 66628, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandra García-García
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Modification of Nanostructures and M2D, Center for Investigation of Advanced Materials — CIMAV, S.C, Area of Polymeric Nanostructures and Nanocomputes, PIIT Park, ZIP 66628, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
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