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Ma H, Zhang S, Yuan G, Liu Y, Cao X, Kong X, Wang Y. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Prepared Using an Automated Loop Flow Reactor. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1163-1172. [PMID: 37654053 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231196907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study used automatic control methods to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the substrate and rhodamine 6G molecule as the probe to investigate the enhancement effect, stability, and consistency of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The gold nanosols were prepared via automatic control using loop flow-reactor technology, and the synthesis of nanoparticles with different sizes was precisely controlled by optimizing the ratio of the solution required for the reaction between sodium citrate and chloroauric acid during the preparation process. The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the prepared AuNPs were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. Using the proposed method, AuNPs with average particle sizes of 72, 85, 93, and 103 nm were synthesized in a precisely controlled manner. The 93 nm particles exhibited good SERS activity for rhodamine 6G under 785 nm excitation with a detection limit of 2.5 × 10-10 M. The relative standard deviation of the SERS spectra synthesized multiple times was <3.5%, indicating their good sensitivity and reproducibility. The results showed that the AuNPs prepared by the automatic control of the loop-flow method have high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility. Moreover, they exhibited notable potential for in situ measurement and quantitative analysis using SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuan Ma
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Yuan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Monitoring Instrument Equipment Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, Qingdao, China
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Huang H, Liu R, Yang J, Dai J, Fan S, Pi J, Wei Y, Guo X. Gold Nanoparticles: Construction for Drug Delivery and Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1868. [PMID: 37514054 PMCID: PMC10383270 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an innovative treatment strategy to enhance the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. However, dose limitations, low response rates, and adverse immune events pose significant challenges. To address these limitations, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been explored as immunotherapeutic drug carriers owing to their stability, surface versatility, and excellent optical properties. This review provides an overview of the advanced synthesis routes for AuNPs and their utilization as drug carriers to improve precision therapies. The review also emphasises various aspects of AuNP-based immunotherapy, including drug loading, targeting strategies, and drug release mechanisms. The application of AuNPs combined with cancer immunotherapy and their therapeutic efficacy are briefly discussed. Overall, we aimed to provide a recent understanding of the advances, challenges, and prospects of AuNPs for anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- School of Microelectronic, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yubo Wei
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xinrong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Hornsby TK, Jakhmola A, Kolios MC, Tavakkoli J. A Quantitative Study of Thermal and Non-thermal Mechanisms in Ultrasound-Induced Nano-drug Delivery. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1288-1298. [PMID: 36822894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to quantify the contributions to drug release for thermal and non-thermal mechanisms in ultrasound-induced release from gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for the first time. METHODS We studied doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin release from the surface of GNPs using two different methods to induce drug release in an ex vivo tissue model: (i) localized tissue heating with a water bath and (ii) low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure. Both methods have similar temperature profiles and can induce the release of both hydrophobic (curcumin) and hydrophilic (DOX) drugs from the surface of GNPs. Quantitative drug release in both cases was compared via fluorescence measurements. DISCUSSION The water bath heating method induced drug release using thermal effects only, whereas LIPUS exposure induced drug release used a combination of thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. It was found that there were increases of 70 ± 16% (curcumin) and 127 ± 20% (DOX) in drug release when LIPUS was used to induce drug release (both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms) as compared with the water bath (thermal mechanisms only) mediated release. CONCLUSION We determined that non-thermal mechanisms account for 41 ± 3% of curcumin release and 56 ± 4% of DOX release. It was concluded that in our ex vivo tissue model, the non-thermal mechanisms play a significant role in LIPUS-induced drug release from GNP drug carriers and that the contributions of non-thermal mechanisms to drug release depend on the type of anticancer drug loaded on the GNP surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K Hornsby
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anshuman Jakhmola
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jahangir Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Qiao Z, Wei X, Liu H, Liu K, Gao C. Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Thin Gold Nanoplates with Tunable Edge Lengths and Optical Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13040711. [PMID: 36839081 PMCID: PMC9961956 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thin Au nanoplates show intriguing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties with potential applications in various fields. The conventional synthesis of Au nanoplates usually involves the formation of spherical nanoparticles or produces nanoplates with large thicknesses. Herein, we demonstrate a synthesis of uniform thin Au nanoplates by using Au-Ag alloy nanoframes obtained by the galvanic replacement of Ag nanoplates with HAuCl4 as the seeds and a sulfite (SO32-) as a ligand. The SO32- ligand not only complexes with the Au salt for the controlled reduction kinetics but also strongly adsorbs on Au {111} facets for effectively constraining the crystal growth on both basal sides of the Au nanoplates for controlled shape and reduced thicknesses. This seed-mediated synthesis affords Au nanoplates with a thickness of only 7.5 nm, although the thickness increases with the edge length. The edge length can be customizable in a range of 48-167 nm, leading to tunable LSPR bands in the range of 600-1000 nm. These thin Au nanoplates are applicable not only to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with enhanced sensitivity and reliability but also to a broader range of LSPR-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kai Liu
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (C.G.)
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Multiphysics Modeling of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Induced Chemotherapeutic Drug Release from the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020523. [PMID: 36672471 PMCID: PMC9856557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, no numerical model for low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS)-triggered anticancer drug release from gold nanoparticle (GNP) drug carriers exists in the literature. In this work, LIPUS-induced doxorubicin (DOX) release from GNPs was achieved in an ex vivo tissue model. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) imaging was performed before and after LIPUS exposure, and significant aggregation of the GNPs was observed upon DOX release. Subsequently, GNP surface potential was determined before and after LIPUS-induced DOX release, using a Zetasizer. A numerical model was then created to predict GNP aggregation, and the subsequent DOX release, via combining a thermal field simulation by solving the bioheat transfer equation (in COMSOL) and the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) total interaction potential (in MATLAB). The DLVO model was applied to the colloidal DOX-loaded GNPs by summing the attractive van der Waals and electrostatic repulsion interaction potentials for any given GNP pair. DLVO total interaction potential was found before and after LIPUS exposure, and an energy barrier for aggregation was determined. The DLVO interaction potential peak amplitude was found to drop from 1.36 kBT to 0.24 kBT after LIPUS exposure, translating to an 82.4% decrease in peak amplitude value. It was concluded that the interaction potential energy threshold for GNP aggregation (and, as a result, DOX release) was equal to 0.24 kBT.
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Preparation, Structure, and Properties of PVA-AgNPs Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020379. [PMID: 36679259 PMCID: PMC9860772 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to prepare a polymer matrix composite doped by silver nanoparticles and analyze the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on polymers' optical and toxic properties. Two different colloids of AgNPs were prepared by chemical reduction. The first colloid, a blue one, contains stable triangular nanoparticles (the mean size of the nanoparticles was ~75 nm). UV-vis spectrophotometry showed that the second colloid, a yellow colloid, was very unstable. Originally formed spherical particles (~11 nm in diameter) after 25 days changed into a mix of differently shaped nanoparticles (irregular, triangular, rod-like, spherical, decahedrons, etc.), and the dichroic effect was observed. Pre-prepared AgNPs were added into the PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) polymer matrix and PVA-AgNPs composites (poly(vinyl alcohol) doped by Ag nanoparticles) were prepared. PVA-AgNPs thin layers (by a spin-coating technique) and fibers (by electrospinning and dip-coating techniques) were prepared. TEM and SEM techniques were used to analyze the prepared composites. It was found that the addition of AgNPs caused a change in the optical and antibiofilm properties of the non-toxic and colorless polymer. The PVA-AgNPs composites not only showed a change in color but a dichroic effect was also observed on the thin layer, and a good antibiofilm effect was also observed.
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Suárez-López R, Puntes VF, Bastús NG, Hervés C, Jaime C. Nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles in the presence of different surfactants. A dissipative particle dynamics study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13926. [PMID: 35977997 PMCID: PMC9385746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) show promising applications in biomedicine, catalysis, and energy harvesting. This applicability relies on controlling the material’s features at the nanometer scale. Surfactants, a unique class of surface-active molecules, have a remarkable ability to tune NPs activity; provide specific functions, avoid their aggregation, and create stable colloidal solutions. Surfactants also control nanoparticles’ nucleation and growth processes by modifying nuclei solubility and surface energy. While nucleation seems independent from the surfactant, NP’s growth depends on it. NP`s size is influenced by the type of functional group (C, O, S or N), length of its C chain and NP to surfactant ratio. In this paper, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are taken as model systems to study how nucleation and growth processes are affected by the choice of surfactants by Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulations. DPD has been mainly used for studying biochemical structures, like lipid bilayer models. However, the study of solid NPs, and their conjugates, needs the introduction of a new metallic component. To represent the collective phenomena of these large systems, their degrees of freedom are reduced by Coarse-Grained (CG) models. DPD behaved as a powerful tool for studying complex systems and shedding some light on some experimental observations, otherwise difficult to explain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Suárez-López
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor F Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), P. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus G Bastús
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Hervés
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Jaime
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Synthesis and Analysis of Polymorphic Silver Nanoparticles and Their Incorporation into the Polymer Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132666. [PMID: 35808712 PMCID: PMC9269157 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A chemical method was successfully used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with various shapes. The shape of the nanoparticles affects the color of the colloid (spherical—yellow solution, triangular—blue, a mixture of spherical and triangular—green). The NaBH4, which acts as the main reducing agent and H2O2 have a significant impact on the shape of AgNPs. It has also been shown that the ratio between precursor, reducing, and the stabilizing agent is crucial for the formation of the required nanoparticles. The light sensitivity of AgNPs and the presence of H2O2 lead to a significant change in AgNPs’ shape and size with time and to the formation of the dichroic effect. UV–vis spectrophotometry, TEM, SEM/FIB, and EDX methods were used to analyze the shape, size, and composition of the nanoparticles. Polymer matrix composite with AgNPs was prepared by the “ex-situ” method.
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Jo S, Woo JY, Oh JH, Song CW, Yang HM, Han CS. Asymmetric Dichroic Colors in Stretchable Film with Embedded Au/Ag Alloy Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23734-23742. [PMID: 35536180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a new type of stretchable dichroic film in which Au and Ag alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The alloy NPs are synthesized with different atomic compositions and sizes to modulate their plasmonic resonance frequencies and absorption and scattering cross sections. The PDMS dichroic film in which 100 nm alloy NPs with a Au/Ag ratio of 7:3 are dispersed shows exotic optical properties under tensile strain. When 40% tensile strain is applied, the film exhibits a strain-sensitive transmission and strain-insensitive reflection behavior in which the transmittance is increased up to 2.6 times, whereas the reflectance remains unchanged. Moreover, we demonstrate a stretchable anticounterfeiting film and a flexible dichroic sculpture fabricated with the PDMS composite. This work demonstrates a new type of plasmonic application that has great potential in various applications, such as special-purpose optical films, security patterns, and smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Jo
- Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Woo
- Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Han
- Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Ameen F, Al-Maary KS, Almansob A, AlNadhari S. Antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer efficacy of Alternaria chlamydospora-mediated gold nanoparticles. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wrigglesworth EG, Johnston JH. Mie theory and the dichroic effect for spherical gold nanoparticles: an experimental approach. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3530-3536. [PMID: 36133731 PMCID: PMC9417481 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The attractive optical properties of metallic nanoparticles include the optically interesting but surprisingly not well understood dichroic effect, defined in this research as when particle colloids display different colours in transmitted and reflected light. Here we use a systematic experimental approach supplemented by theoretical Mie theory analysis to study the origin of this effect. The CloudSpec spectrophotometer has been utilised to produce quantitative scattering and absorption spectra for monodisperse spherical gold nanoparticles, allowing precise links to be made between the optical spectra and the colours observed. The source of the dichroic effect has been conclusively linked to particle size with no special particle shapes or size distributions required. These results experimentally demonstrate the relationship between particle size and the ratio of scattering to absorption predicted by Mie theory, which has important implications for users of Mie theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Wrigglesworth
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6140 New Zealand
- NZ Product Accelerator, The University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James H Johnston
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6140 New Zealand
- NZ Product Accelerator, The University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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