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Karmakar RS, Huang JF, Chu CP, Mai MH, Chao JI, Liao YC, Lu YW. Origami-Inspired Conductive Paper-Based Folded Pressure Sensor with Interconnection Scaling at the Crease for Novel Wearable Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4231-4241. [PMID: 38151015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from origami structures, a pressure sensor was developed with unique interconnection scaling at its creases crafted on a conductive paper substrate, paving the way for advanced wearable technology. Two screen-printed conductive paper substrates were combined face-to-face, and specific folds were introduced to optimize the sensor structure. The Electrical Contact Resistance (ECR) was systematically analyzed across different fold numbers and crease gaps, revealing a notable trade-off: while increasing the number of folds expanded the sensing area, it also influenced the ECR, reaching a performance plateau. Strategic modifications in the sensor's design, including refining interconnections at the crease, enhanced its sensitivity and stability, culminating in a remarkable sensitivity of 3.75 kPa-1 at subtle pressure levels (0-0.05 kPa). This sensor's real-world applications proved to be transformative, from detecting bruxism and aiding in neck posture correction to remotely sensing trigger finger locking phenomena, highlighting its potential as a pivotal tool in upcoming medical diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Subhra Karmakar
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Fong Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Mai
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Lu
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Tian W, Zhang S, Li W, Chen Y, Zhao J, Xin F, Qian Y, Li W. Study on Cavitation, Warpage Deformation, and Moisture Diffusion of Sop-8 Devices during Molding Process. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2175. [PMID: 38138343 PMCID: PMC10745373 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastic packaging has shown its advantages over ceramic packaging and metal packaging in lightweight, thin, and high-density electronic devices. In this paper, the reliability and moisture diffusion of Sop-8 (Small Out-Line Package-8) plastic packaging devices are studied, and we put forward a set of complete optimization methods. Firstly, we propose to improve the reliability of plastic packaging devices by reducing the amount of cavitation and warpage deformation. Structural and process factors were investigated in the injection molding process. An orthogonal experiment design was used to create 25 groups of simulation experiments, and Moldflow software was used to simulate the flow mode analysis. Then, the simulation results are subjected to range analysis and comprehensive weighted score analysis. Finally, different optimization methods are proposed according to different production conditions, and each optimization method can reduce cavitation or warpage by more than 9%. The moisture diffusion of the Sop-8 plastic packing devices was also investigated at the same time. It was determined that the contact surface between the lead frame and the plastic packaging material was more likely to exhibit delamination under the condition of MSL2 moisture diffusion because the humidity gradient was easily produced at the crucial points of different materials. The diffusion of moisture is related to the type of plastic packaging material and the diffusion path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (S.Z.); (W.L.); (F.X.); (Y.Q.); (W.L.)
| | - Shuaiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (S.Z.); (W.L.); (F.X.); (Y.Q.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (S.Z.); (W.L.); (F.X.); (Y.Q.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuanming Chen
- Sharetek Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China; (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingrong Zhao
- Sharetek Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China; (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (S.Z.); (W.L.); (F.X.); (Y.Q.); (W.L.)
| | - Yingying Qian
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (S.Z.); (W.L.); (F.X.); (Y.Q.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (S.Z.); (W.L.); (F.X.); (Y.Q.); (W.L.)
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Smocot S, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Guo S, Cao C. Printed flexible mechanical sensors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17134-17156. [PMID: 36385388 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible mechanical sensors (e.g., strain, pressure, and force) fabricated primarily by printing technologies have emerged and evolved promptly in the past several years. 2D and 3D printing approaches enabled rapid prototyping of various flexible mechanical sensors that have demonstrated their unique applications in fields including robotics, human-machine interfaces, and biomedicine. Research efforts have primarily been focused on experimenting with different materials, device configurations, and sensing mechanisms to achieve better sensing performance. While great progress has been made, this field is still in its infancy where most research is exploratory; and even the performance standards and long-term objective/vision of these sensors are not clear. In this review, the state-of-the-art of three types of printed flexible mechanical sensors will be discussed and analyzed in terms of their fabrication methods, types of sensing materials and mechanisms, and challenges for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smocot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Shu Guo
- School of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China.
| | - Changhong Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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