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Asghar H, Khalid US, Sohail M, Alrebdi TA, Umar ZA, Alshehri AM, Ahmed R, Baig MA. Passively Q-Switched Er-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Bentonite Clay (Al 2H 2O 6Si) Saturable Absorber. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:267. [PMID: 38398995 PMCID: PMC10892214 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the investigations toward the direct use of bentonite clay (Al2H2O6Si) nanoparticles to act like a saturable absorber (SA) for the Q-switched pulse operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). The measured results reveal that with the incorporation of bentonite clay nanopowder as a SA, an EDFL is realized with a Q-switching mechanism starting at a pump power of 30.8 mW, and a Q-switched emission wavelength was noticed at 1562.94 nm at 142 mW pump power. With an increased pump from 30.8 mW to 278.96 mW, the temporal pulse parameters including minimum pulse duration and maximum pulse repetition rates were reported as 2.6 µs and 103.6 kHz, respectively. The highest peak power, signal-to-noise ratio, output power and pulse energy were noticed to be 16.56 mW, 51 dB, 4.6 mW, and 47 nJ, respectively, at a highest pump power of 278.96 mW. This study highlights the significance of bentonite clay (Al2H2O6Si) nanoparticles as a potential candidate for a saturable absorber for achieving nonlinear photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Asghar
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Umer Sayyab Khalid
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tahani A. Alrebdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeshan A. Umar
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - A. M. Alshehri
- Department of Physics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - M. Aslam Baig
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Xu N, Shang X, Sun S, Yang F, Fan W, Zhang H, Li D. Low-Threshold, Multiple High-Order Harmonics Fiber Laser Employing Cr 2Si 2Te 6 Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1038. [PMID: 36985932 PMCID: PMC10052700 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Abundant research findings have proved the value of two-dimensional (2D) materials in the study of nonlinear optics in fiber lasers. However, there remains two problems: how to reduce the start-up threshold, and how to improve the damage threshold, of fiber lasers based on 2D materials. A 15.1 mW low-threshold mode-locked fiber laser, based on a Cr2Si2Te6 saturable absorber (SA) prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method, is demonstrated successfully in this work. This provides a useful and economical method to produce SAs with low insertion loss and low saturation intensity. Besides, multiple high-order harmonics, from the fundamental frequency (12.6 MHz) to the 49th-order harmonic (617.6 MHz), mode-locked operations are recorded. The experimental results indicate the excellent potential of Cr2Si2Te6 as an optical modulator in exploring the soliton dynamics, harmonic mode locking, and other nonlinear effects in fiber lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Xu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xinxin Shang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Fuhao Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Weiyu Fan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Huanian Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Dengwang Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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