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Jafari M, Botte GG. Sustainable Green Route for Activated Carbon Synthesis from Biomass Waste for High-Performance Supercapacitors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13134-13147. [PMID: 38524414 PMCID: PMC10955698 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Supercapacitors are high-power energy storage devices due to their charge storage capability and long cyclic stability. These devices rely on highly porous materials for electrodes providing a substantial surface area per mass, such as highly porous carbon. Developing high-performance porous carbon from biomass wastes such as waste-activated sludge and spent coffee is a sustainable way to reduce adverse environmental effects, contributing toward a carbon circular economy. In this study, hierarchically porous carbon with a high surface area of 1198 ± 60 m2 g-1 was synthesized through a green route. Sodium acetate was utilized as an environmentally friendly electrolyte. The long-term stability test at a high current density was conducted, providing valuable insights into the viability of sodium acetate as a robust electrolyte in supercapacitor application. The supercapacitor demonstrated an excellent cycle stability of 98.4% after 20,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g-1 in sodium acetate. Further assessment revealed dominant fast surface kinetics. Moreover, a maximum energy density of 15.9 Wh kg-1 at 0.2 A g-1 was achieved. By utilizing highly porous carbon in conjunction with a water-based binder, a substantial improvement of 76% in capacity with respect to a nonaqueous-based binder was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maasoomeh Jafari
- Chemical and Electrochemical
Technology and Innovation Laboratory, Institute for Sustainability
and Circular Economy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Edward E.
Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering, Texas
Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Gerardine G. Botte
- Chemical and Electrochemical
Technology and Innovation Laboratory, Institute for Sustainability
and Circular Economy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Edward E.
Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering, Texas
Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Hristea G, Iordoc M, Lungulescu EM, Bejenari I, Volf I. A sustainable bio-based char as emerging electrode material for energy storage applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1095. [PMID: 38212385 PMCID: PMC10784506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, extensive research efforts have been made to develop novel bio-char-based electrodes using different strategies starting from a variety of biomass precursors as well as applying different thermochemical conversion paths. In this regard, hydrothermal carbonization method is becoming a more prevalent option among conversion procedures even if pyrolysis remains crucial in converting biomass into carbonaceous materials. The main aim of this study is to develop an innovative supercapacitor electrode from spruce bark waste through a unique low-temperature technique approach, which proved to effectively eliminate the pyrolysis step. Consequently, a hybrid spruce-bark-graphene oxide compound (HySB) was obtained as electrode material for supercapacitors. When compared to a regularly used commercial electrode material, SLC1512P graphite (reference) with 150.3 µF cm-2 capacitance, the HySB has a substantially higher capacitive performance of 530.5 µF cm-2. In contrast to the reference, the HySB polarization resistance increases by two orders of magnitude at the stationary potential and by three orders of magnitude at the optimum potential, underlying that the superior performances of HySB extend beyond static conditions. The synthesis strategy provides an appropriate energy-efficient option for converting biomass into carbonaceous materials with meaningful properties suitable for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hristea
- National Research and Development Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, Bucuresti, Romania.
| | - Mihai Iordoc
- National Research and Development Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Eduard-Marius Lungulescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Iuliana Bejenari
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Street, 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Volf
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Street, 700050, Iasi, Romania.
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You Y, Hua X, Cui Y, Wu G, Qiu S, Xia Y, Luo Y, Xu F, Sun L, Chu H. Momordica Grosvenori Shell-Derived Porous Carbon Materials for High-Efficiency Symmetric Supercapacitors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4204. [PMID: 36500827 PMCID: PMC9738515 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon materials derived from waste biomass have received broad interest in supercapacitor research due to their high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and excellent electrochemical performance. In this work, Momordica grosvenori shell-derived porous carbons (MGCs) were synthesized by high-temperature carbonization and subsequent activation by potassium hydroxide (KOH). As a supercapacitor electrode, the optimized MGCs-2 sample exhibits superior electrochemical performance. For example, a high specific capacitance of 367 F∙g-1 is achieved at 0.5 A∙g-1. Even at 20 A∙g-1, more than 260 F∙g-1 can be retained. Moreover, it also reveals favorable cycling stability (more than 96% of capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A∙g-1). These results demonstrate that porous carbon materials derived from Momordica grosvenori shells are one of the most promising electrode candidate materials for practical use in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
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Liu J, Zhang K, Wang H, Lin L, Zhang J, Li P, Zhang Q, Shi J, Cui H. Advances in Micro-/Mesopore Regulation Methods for Plant-Derived Carbon Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204261. [PMID: 36297839 PMCID: PMC9611847 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, renewable and clean energy has become increasingly important due to energy shortage and environmental pollution. Selecting plants as the carbon precursors to replace costly non-renewable energy sources causing severe pollution is a good choice. In addition, owing to their diverse microstructure and the rich chemical composition, plant-based carbon materials are widely used in many fields. However, some of the plant-based carbon materials have the disadvantage of possessing a large percentage of macroporosity, limiting their functionality. In this paper, we first introduce two characteristics of plant-derived carbon materials: diverse microstructure and rich chemical composition. Then, we propose improvement measures to cope with a high proportion of macropores of plant-derived carbon materials. Emphatically, size regulation methods are summarized for micropores (KOH activation, foam activation, physical activation, freezing treatment, and fungal treatment) and mesopores (H3PO4 activation, enzymolysis, molten salt activation, and template method). Their advantages and disadvantages are also compared and analyzed. Finally, the paper makes suggestions on the pore structure improvement of plant-derived carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Beijing Spacecraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100094, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Junyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Hang Cui
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Simões dos Reis G, Bergna D, Tuomikoski S, Grimm A, Lima EC, Thyrel M, Skoglund N, Lassi U, Larsson SH. Preparation and Characterization of Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge-Activated Biochars Using Alkaline Activation: A Box-Behnken Design Approach. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32620-32630. [PMID: 36119983 PMCID: PMC9476204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized pulp and paper mill sludge as a carbon source to produce activated biochar adsorbents. The response surface methodology (RSM) application for predicting and optimizing the activated biochar preparation conditions was investigated. Biochars were prepared based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach with three independent factors (i.e., pyrolysis temperature, holding time, and KOH:biomass ratio), and the responses evaluated were specific surface area (SSA), micropore area (S micro), and mesopore area (S meso). According to the RSM and BBD analysis, a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C for 3 h of holding and an impregnation ratio of 1:1 (biomass:KOH) are the optimum conditions for obtaining the highest SSA (885 m2 g-1). Maximized S micro was reached at 800 °C, 1 h and the ratio of 1:1, and for maximizing S meso (569.16 m2 g-1), 800 °C, 2 h and ratio 1:1.5 (445-473 m2 g-1) were employed. The biochars presented different micro- and mesoporosity characteristics depending on pyrolysis conditions. Elemental analysis showed that biochars exhibited high carbon and oxygen content. Raman analysis indicated that all biochars had disordered carbon structures with structural defects, which can boost their properties, e.g., by improving their adsorption performances. The hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity experiments showed very hydrophobic biochar surfaces. The biochars were used as adsorbents for diclofenac and amoxicillin. They presented very high adsorption performances, which could be explained by the pore filling, hydrophobic surface, and π-π electron-donor-acceptor interactions between aromatic rings of both adsorbent and adsorbate. The biochar with the highest surface area (and highest uptake performance) was subjected to regeneration tests, showing that it can be reused multiple times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaydson Simões dos Reis
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomass Technology Centre, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Davide Bergna
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, PO Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Unit
of Applied Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla,
Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Sari Tuomikoski
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, PO Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Alejandro Grimm
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomass Technology Centre, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eder Claudio Lima
- Institute
of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio
Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Mikael Thyrel
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomass Technology Centre, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Skoglund
- Thermochemical
Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, PO Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Unit
of Applied Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla,
Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Sylvia H. Larsson
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomass Technology Centre, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Heteroatom-Doped Hierarchically Porous Biochar for Supercapacitor Application and Phenol Pollutant Remediation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152586. [PMID: 35957017 PMCID: PMC9370815 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are considered as promising materials in energy storage and environmental remediation because of their unique physicochemical properties and low cost. However, the fabrication of multifunctional biochar materials with a well-developed hierarchical porous structure as well as self-doped functionalities via a facile strategy remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a heteroatom-doped porous biochar, prepared by a hydrothermal pretreatment followed by a molten salt activation route. With the creation of a high specific surface area (1501.9 m2/g), a hierarchical porous structure, and the incorporation of oxygen-/nitrogen-functional groups, the as-prepared biochar (BC-24) exhibits great potential for supercapacitor application and organic pollutant elimination. The assembled biochar electrode delivers a specific capacitance of 378 F/g at 0.2 A/g with a good rate capability of 198 F/g at 10 A/g, and excellent cycling stability with 94.5% capacitance retention after 10,000 recycles. Moreover, BC-24 also exhibits superior catalytic activity for phenol degradation through peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The phenol (0.2 mM) can be effectively absorbed and then completely degraded within only 25 min over a wide pH range with low catalyst and PDS dosages. More importantly, TOC analysis indicates 81.7% of the phenol is mineralized within 60 min, confirming the effectiveness of the BC-24/PDS system. Quenching experiments and EPR measurements reveal that SO4·− and ·OH as well as 1O2 are involved in the phenol degradation, while the non-radical pathway plays the dominant role. This study provides valuable insights into the preparation of cost-effective carbon materials for supercapacitor application and organic contaminant remediation.
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Organic Crosslinked Polymer-Derived N/O-Doped Porous Carbons for High-Performance Supercapacitor. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132186. [PMID: 35808022 PMCID: PMC9268302 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Supercapacitors, as a new type of green electrical energy storage device, are a potential solution to environmental problems created by economic development and the excessive use of fossil energy resources. In this work, nitrogen/oxygen (N/O)-doped porous carbon materials for high-performance supercapacitors are fabricated by calcining and activating an organic crosslinked polymer prepared using polyethylene glycol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The porous carbon exhibits a large specific surface area (1589 m2·g−1) and high electrochemical performance, thanks to the network structure and rich N/O content in the organic crosslinked polymer. The optimized porous carbon material (COCLP-4.5), obtained by adjusting the raw material ratio of the organic crosslinked polymer, exhibits a high specific capacitance (522 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1), good rate capability (319 F·g−1 at 20 A·g−1), and outstanding stability (83% retention after 5000 cycles) in a three-electrode system. Furthermore, an energy density of 18.04 Wh·kg−1 is obtained at a power density of 200.0 W·kg−1 in a two-electrode system. This study demonstrates that organic crosslinked polymer-derived porous carbon electrode materials have good energy storage potential.
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