1
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Analysis of the In Vitro Toxicity of Nanocelluloses in Human Lung Cells as Compared to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091432. [PMID: 35564141 PMCID: PMC9104944 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNM), comprising cellulose microfibrils (CMF), nanofibrils (CNF), and nanocrystals (CNC), are being recognized as promising bio-nanomaterials due to their natural and renewable source, attractive properties, and potential for applications with industrial and economical value. Thus, it is crucial to investigate their potential toxicity before starting their production at a larger scale. The present study aimed at evaluating the cell internalization and in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CMNM as compared to two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), NM-401 and NM-402, in A549 cells. The exposure to all studied NM, with the exception of CNC, resulted in evident cellular uptake, as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. However, none of the CMNM induced cytotoxic effects, in contrast to the cytotoxicity observed for the MWCNT. Furthermore, no genotoxicity was observed for CNF, CNC, and NM-402 (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay), while CMF and NM-401 were able to significantly raise micronucleus frequency. Only NM-402 was able to induce ROS formation, although it did not induce micronuclei. Thus, it is unlikely that the observed CMF and NM-401 genotoxicity is mediated by oxidative DNA damage. More studies targeting other genotoxicity endpoints and cellular and molecular events are underway to allow for a more comprehensive safety assessment of these nanocelluloses.
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2
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Keshavan S, Gupta G, Martin S, Fadeel B. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes trigger lysosome-dependent cell death (pyroptosis) in macrophages but not in neutrophils. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:1125-1150. [PMID: 34657549 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1988171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated, and several studies have shown that multi-walled CNTs can trigger inflammation and fibrosis in animal models. However, while neutrophils are involved in inflammation, most in vitro studies have addressed macrophages. Here we explored the impact of three MWCNTs with varying morphology (i.e. long and rigid versus short and/or tangled) on primary human macrophages and macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells versus primary human neutrophils and neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. We found that long and rigid MWCNTs triggered caspase-dependent cell death in macrophages, accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated release of pro-inflammatory IL-1β. The release of IL-1β was suppressed by disulfiram, an FDA-approved drug known to act as an inhibitor of membrane pore formation by GSDMD. Evidence of autophagic cell death was noted in macrophages exposed to higher concentrations of the long and rigid MWCNTs. Furthermore, lysosomal damage with cytosolic release of cathepsin B was observed in macrophages exposed to the latter MWCNTs. On the other hand, there was little evidence of uptake of MWCNTs in neutrophils and the cells failed to undergo MWCNT-triggered cell death. Our studies have demonstrated that long and rigid MWCNTs trigger pyroptosis in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Keshavan
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govind Gupta
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastin Martin
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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de Godoy KF, de Almeida Rodolpho JM, Brassolatti P, de Lima Fragelli BD, de Castro CA, Assis M, Cancino Bernardi J, de Oliveira Correia R, Albuquerque YR, Speglich C, Longo E, de Freitas Anibal F. New Multi-Walled carbon nanotube of industrial interest induce cell death in murine fibroblast cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:517-530. [PMID: 33998363 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1930311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for new nanomaterials has brought to the multifactorial industry several opportunities for use and applications for existing materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), for example, present excellent properties which allow us to assume a series of applications, however there is concern in the industrial scope about possible adverse health effects related to constant exposure for inhalation or direct skin contact. Thus, using cell models is the fastest and safest way to assess the effects of a new material. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic profile in LA9 murine fibroblast lineage, of a new multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) that was functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to obtain better physical-chemical characteristics for industrial use. The modifications presented in the CNT cause concern, as they can change its initial characteristics, making this nanomaterial harmful. HR-TEM, FE-SEM and zeta potential were used for the characterization. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests, oxidative and nitrosative stress analyzes and inflammatory cytokine assay (TNF-α) were performed. The main findings demonstrated a reduction in cell viability, increased release of intracellular ROS, accompanied by an increase in TNF-α, indicating an important inflammatory profile. Confirmation of the data was performed by flow cytometry and ImageXpress with apoptosis/necrosis markers. These data provide initial evidence that OCNT-TEPA has a cytotoxic profile dependent on the concentration of LA9 fibroblasts, since there was an increase in free radicals, inflammation induction and cell death, suggesting that continuous exposure to this nanoparticle can cause damage to different tissues in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissia Franco de Godoy
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brassolatti
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Assis
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Desenvolvimento de Materiais Funcionais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cancino Bernardi
- Grupo de Nanomedicina e Nanotoxicologia, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Correia
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Yulli Roxenne Albuquerque
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Speglich
- Centro de Pesquisa Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello CENPES/Petróbras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elson Longo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Desenvolvimento de Materiais Funcionais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Inflamação e Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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4
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Keshavan S, Andón FT, Gallud A, Chen W, Reinert K, Tran L, Fadeel B. Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:883. [PMID: 33808372 PMCID: PMC8067081 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials are potentially very useful for a variety of applications, but studies are needed to ascertain whether these materials pose a risk to human health. Here, we studied three benchmark nanomaterials (Ag nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) procured from the nanomaterial repository at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Having established a sub-lethal concentration of these materials using two human cell lines representative of the immune system and the lungs, respectively, we performed RNA sequencing of the macrophage-like cell line after exposure for 6, 12, and 24 h. Downstream analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed significant effects on chemokine signaling pathways. CCR2 was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in MWCNT-exposed cells. Using multiplex assays to evaluate cytokine and chemokine secretion, we could show significant effects of MWCNTs on several chemokines, including CCL2, a ligand of CCR2. The results demonstrate the importance of evaluating sub-lethal concentrations of nanomaterials in relevant target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Keshavan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Fernando Torres Andón
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Audrey Gallud
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Wei Chen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Knut Reinert
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lang Tran
- Statistics and Toxicology Section, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK;
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
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5
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Occupational Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibres: More Than a Cobweb. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030745. [PMID: 33809629 PMCID: PMC8002294 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are erroneously considered as singular material entities. Instead, they should be regarded as a heterogeneous class of materials bearing different properties eliciting particular biological outcomes both in vitro and in vivo. Given the pace at which the industrial production of CNTs/CNFs is increasing, it is becoming of utmost importance to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding their biological activity and their hazardous effects in humans. Animal studies carried out by inhalation showed that some CNTs/CNFs species can cause deleterious effects such as inflammation and lung tissue remodeling. Their physico-chemical properties, biological behavior and biopersistence make them similar to asbestos fibers. Human studies suggest some mild effects in workers handling CNTs/CNFs. However, owing to their cross-sectional design, researchers have been as yet unable to firmly demonstrate a causal relationship between such an exposure and the observed effects. Estimation of acceptable exposure levels should warrant a proper risk management. The aim of this review is to challenge the conception of CNTs/CNFs as a single, unified material entity and prompt the establishment of standardized hazard and exposure assessment methodologies able to properly feed risk assessment and management frameworks.
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6
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Barbarino M, Giordano A. Assessment of the Carcinogenicity of Carbon Nanotubes in the Respiratory System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061318. [PMID: 33804168 PMCID: PMC7998467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified the first type of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as possibly carcinogenic to humans, while in the case of other CNTs, it was not possible to ascertain their toxicity due to lack of evidence. Moreover, the physicochemical heterogeneity of this group of substances hamper any generalization on their toxicity. Here, we review the recent relevant toxicity studies produced after the IARC meeting in 2014 on an homogeneous group of CNTs, highlighting the molecular alterations that are relevant for the onset of mesothelioma. Methods: The literature was searched on PubMed and Web of Science for the period 2015-2020, using different combinations keywords. Only data on normal cells of the respiratory system after exposure to fully characterized CNTs for their physico-chemical characteristics were included. Recent studies indicate that CNTs induce a sustained inflammatory response, oxidative stress, fibrosis and histological alterations. The development of mesothelial hyperplasia, mesothelioma, and lungs tumors have been also described in vivo. The data support a strong inflammatory potential of CNTs, similar to that of asbestos, and provide evidence that CNTs exposure led to molecular alterations known to have a key role in mesothelioma onset. These evidences call for an urgent improvement of studies on exposed human populations and adequate systems for monitoring the health of workers exposed to this putative carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Barbarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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7
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Kokot H, Kokot B, Sebastijanović A, Voss C, Podlipec R, Zawilska P, Berthing T, Ballester-López C, Danielsen PH, Contini C, Ivanov M, Krišelj A, Čotar P, Zhou Q, Ponti J, Zhernovkov V, Schneemilch M, Doumandji Z, Pušnik M, Umek P, Pajk S, Joubert O, Schmid O, Urbančič I, Irmler M, Beckers J, Lobaskin V, Halappanavar S, Quirke N, Lyubartsev AP, Vogel U, Koklič T, Stoeger T, Štrancar J. Prediction of Chronic Inflammation for Inhaled Particles: the Impact of Material Cycling and Quarantining in the Lung Epithelium. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003913. [PMID: 33073368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On a daily basis, people are exposed to a multitude of health-hazardous airborne particulate matter with notable deposition in the fragile alveolar region of the lungs. Hence, there is a great need for identification and prediction of material-associated diseases, currently hindered due to the lack of in-depth understanding of causal relationships, in particular between acute exposures and chronic symptoms. By applying advanced microscopies and omics to in vitro and in vivo systems, together with in silico molecular modeling, it is determined herein that the long-lasting response to a single exposure can originate from the interplay between the newly discovered nanomaterial quarantining and nanomaterial cycling between different lung cell types. This new insight finally allows prediction of the spectrum of lung inflammation associated with materials of interest using only in vitro measurements and in silico modeling, potentially relating outcomes to material properties for a large number of materials, and thus boosting safe-by-design-based material development. Because of its profound implications for animal-free predictive toxicology, this work paves the way to a more efficient and hazard-free introduction of numerous new advanced materials into our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kokot
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Kokot
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandar Sebastijanović
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Carola Voss
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rok Podlipec
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Ion Beam Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrycja Zawilska
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Claudia Contini
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Ana Krišelj
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Petra Čotar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Matthew Schneemilch
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zahra Doumandji
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Mojca Pušnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Polona Umek
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Nick Quirke
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alexander P Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Tilen Koklič
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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Yang T, Chen J, Gao L, Huang Y, Liao G, Cao Y. Induction of lipid droplets in THP-1 macrophages by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a diameter-dependent manner: A transcriptomic study. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Deline AR, Frank BP, Smith CL, Sigmon LR, Wallace AN, Gallagher MJ, Goodwin DG, Durkin DP, Fairbrother DH. Influence of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on the Environmental Properties, Transformations, and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11651-11697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Deline
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Casey L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Leslie R. Sigmon
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alexa N. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Miranda J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - David G. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P. Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - D. Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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10
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Di Cristo L, Boccuni F, Iavicoli S, Sabella S. A Human-Relevant 3D In Vitro Platform for an Effective and Rapid Simulation of Workplace Exposure to Nanoparticles: Silica Nanoparticles as Case Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1761. [PMID: 32899988 PMCID: PMC7557931 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we show the suitability of a 3D airway model, when coupled with a nebulizer system, for simulating workplace exposure to nanoparticles. As a proof of concept, workplace exposure to silica nanoparticles was experimentally measured in an occupational facility where nanoparticles are produced weekly, and compared with the official limit value for bulk silica materials. These values of potential exposure were simulated in a 3D airway model by nebulizing low doses (from 0.90 to 55 µg/cm2) of silica nanoparticles over a prolonged period (12 weeks of repeated exposure, 5 days per week). Overall, the results suggest the efficiency of the defense mechanisms of the respiratory system and the clearance of the breathed silica nanoparticles by the mucociliary apparatus in accordance with the recent in vivo data. This in vitro platform shows that the doses tested may correlate with the occupational exposure limit values. Such relationship could provide regulatory-oriented data useful for risk classification of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanoregulatory Platform, Drug Discovery and Development Department, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Fabio Boccuni
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (S.I.)
| | - Stefania Sabella
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanoregulatory Platform, Drug Discovery and Development Department, 16163 Genova, Italy;
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11
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Carbon Nanotubes under Scrutiny: Their Toxicity and Utility in Mesothelioma Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on the toxicity of engineered carbon nanotubes (CNT) was initiated by Belgian academic chemists and toxicologists more than 15 years ago. It is now undisputed that some of these attractive nanomaterials induce serious illness such as fibrosis and cancer. The physico-chemical determinants of CNT-induced adverse effects are now elucidated and include shape, nanoscale diameter, and structural defects. Generated in vitro and in vivo data on their inflammogenic and fibrogenic activities were combined and translated in AOP (adverse outcome pathways) available for risk assessment and regulatory policies. The asbestos-like carcinogenic effect of CNT, notably their capacity to induce malignant mesothelioma (MM), remain, however, a cause of concern for public health and strongly curb the craze for CNT in industries. MM still represents a real challenge for clinicians and a highly refractory cancer to existing therapeutic strategies. By comparing mesotheliomagenic CNT (needle-like CNT-N) to non mesotheliomagenic CNT (tangled-like CNT-T), our group generated a relevant animal model that highlights immune pathways specifically associated to the carcinogenic process. Evidence indicates that only CNT-N possess the intrinsic capacity to induce a preferential, rapid, and sustained accumulation of host immunosuppressive cells that subvert immune surveillance and suppress anti-mesothelioma immunity. This new concept offers novel horizons for the clinical management of mesothelioma and represents an additional tool for predicting the mesotheliomagenic activity of newly elaborated CNT or nanoparticles.
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12
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Michalkova H, Skubalova Z, Sopha H, Strmiska V, Tesarova B, Dostalova S, Svec P, Hromadko L, Motola M, Macak JM, Adam V, Heger Z. Complex cytotoxicity mechanism of bundles formed from self-organised 1-D anodic TiO 2 nanotubes layers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122054. [PMID: 31954312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on a comprehensive investigation of mechanisms of in vitro cytotoxicity of high aspect ratio (HAR) bundles formed from anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers. Comparative cytotoxicity studies were performed using two types of HAR TNTs (diameter of ∼110 nm), differing in initial thickness of the nanotubular layer (∼35 μm for TNTs-1 vs. ∼10 μm for TNTs-2). Using two types of epithelial cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HEK-293), it was found that nanotoxicity is highly cell-type dependent and plausibly associates with higher membrane fluidity and decreased rigidity of cancer cells enabling penetration of TNTs to the cell membrane towards disruption of membrane integrity and reorganization of cytoskeletal network. Upon penetration, TNTs dysregulated redox homeostasis followed by DNA fragmentation and apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Both TNTs exhibited haemolytic activity and rapidly activated polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Throughout the whole study, TNTs-2 possessing a lower aspect ratio manifested significantly higher cytotoxic effects. Taken together, this is the first report comprehensively investigating the mechanisms underlying the nanotoxicity of bundles formed from self-organised 1-D anodic TNT layers. Except for description of nanotoxicity of industrially-interesting nanomaterials, the delineation of the nanotoxicity paradigm in cancer cells could serve as solid basis for future efforts in rational engineering of TNTs towards selective anticancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Michalkova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Skubalova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Hanna Sopha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Tesarova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Simona Dostalova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Svec
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Ludek Hromadko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Martin Motola
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Jan M Macak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia.
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13
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Di Cristo L, Grimaldi B, Catelani T, Vázquez E, Pompa PP, Sabella S. Repeated exposure to aerosolized graphene oxide mediates autophagy inhibition and inflammation in a three-dimensional human airway model. Mater Today Bio 2020; 6:100050. [PMID: 32322818 PMCID: PMC7171197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazard evaluation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) using real-world exposure scenario could provide better interpretation of toxicity end points for their use in the assessment of human safety and for their implications in many fields such as toxicology, nanomedicine, and so forth. However, most of the current studies, both in vivo and in vitro, do not reflect realistic conditions of human exposure to ENMs, due to the high doses implemented. Moreover, the use of cellular models cultured under submerged conditions limits their physiological relevance for lung exposure, where cells are primarily cultured at the air-liquid interface. Addressing such issues is even more challenging for emergent nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), for which little or no information on exposure is available. In this work, we studied the impact of repeated exposure of GO on a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct of human bronchial tissue, using a nebulizer system focusing on short-term effects. The selected doses (reaching a maximum of ca. 20 μg/cm2 for a period of 4 weeks of exposure) were extrapolated from alveolar mass deposition values of a broader class of carbon-based nanomaterials, reflecting a full working lifetime of human exposure. Experimental results did not show strong toxic effects of GO in terms of viability and integrity of the lung tissue. However, since 2 weeks of treatment, repeated GO exposure elicited a proinflammatory response, moderate barrier impairment, and autophagosome accumulation, a process resulting from blockade of autophagy flux. Interestingly, the 3D airway model could recover such an effect by restoring autophagy flux at longer exposure (30 days). These findings indicate that prolonged exposure to GO produces a time window (during the 30 days of treatment set for this study) for which GO-mediated autophagy inhibition along with inflammation may potentially increase the susceptibility of exposed humans to pulmonary infections and/or lung diseases. This study also highlights the importance of using physiologically relevant in vitro models and doses derived from real-world exposure to obtain focused data for the assessment of human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Di Cristo
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
| | - B Grimaldi
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
| | - T Catelani
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - E Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - P P Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - S Sabella
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
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14
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Yan H, Xue Z, Xie J, Dong Y, Ma Z, Sun X, Kebebe Borga D, Liu Z, Li J. Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes as Anti-Tumor Drug Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:10179-10194. [PMID: 32021160 PMCID: PMC6946632 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle drug formulations have enormous application prospects owing to achievement of targeted and sustained release drug delivery, improvement in drug solubility and reduction of adverse drug reactions. Recently, a variety of efficient drug nanometer carriers have been developed, among which carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been increasingly utilized in the field of cancer therapy. However, these nanotubes exert various toxic effects on the body due to their unique physical and chemical properties. CNT-induced toxicity is related to surface modification, degree of aggregation in vivo, and nanoparticle concentration. This review has focused on the potential toxic effects of CNTs utilized as anti-tumor drug carriers. The main modes by which CNTs enter target sites, the toxicity expressive types and the factors affecting toxicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Dereje Kebebe Borga
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
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