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Han X, Li D, Zhu Y, Schneider-Futschik EK. Recommended Tool Compounds for Modifying the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Channel Variants. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:933-950. [PMID: 38633590 PMCID: PMC11019735 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder arising from variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to multiple organ system defects. CFTR tool compounds are molecules that can modify the activity of the CFTR channel. Especially, patients that are currently not able to benefit from approved CFTR modulators, such as patients with rare CFTR variants, benefit from further research in discovering novel tools to modulate CFTR. This Review explores the development and classification of CFTR tool compounds, including CFTR blockers (CFTRinh-172, GlyH-101), potentiators (VRT-532, Genistein), correctors (VRT-325, Corr-4a), and other approved and unapproved modulators, with detailed descriptions and discussions for each compound. The challenges and future directions in targeting rare variants and optimizing drug delivery, and the potential synergistic effects in combination therapies are outlined. CFTR modulation holds promise not only for CF treatment but also for generating CF models that contribute to CF research and potentially treating other diseases such as secretory diarrhea. Therefore, continued research on CFTR tool compounds is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXuan Han
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elena K. Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Al-Nakkash L, Mason D, Ismail N, Bowman T, Ahlert J, Rubin M, Smith E, Rosander A, Broderick TL. Exercise Training Prevents the Loss of Wall Thickness and Lowers Expression of Alzheimer's Related Proteins in 3xTg Mouse Jejunum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14164. [PMID: 36361051 PMCID: PMC9653708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated the benefits of regular exercise on cardiovascular, neural, and cognitive function in humans with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the consequences of AD on gastrointestinal morphology and the effects of regular exercise, which plays an important role against the development of certain gastrointestinal-related diseases, are still poorly understood. Therefore, to assess the changes in intestinal structure in a mouse model of AD and the impact of exercise, 2-month-old 3xTg-AD male mice were subjected to treadmill running 5 days per week for a period of 5 months. Jejunum from 3xTg-AD mice analyzed by histochemical methods revealed significant alterations in morphology. Compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, villi length and crypt depth were increased, and collagen content of jejunum was elevated in 3xTg-AD mice. Jejunum wall dimensions, expressed as total wall thickness, outer longitudinal thickness, and inner circular thickness were decreased in 3xTg-AD compared to WT. Smooth muscle actin expression in jejunal wall was decreased in 3xTg-AD. Most of these aberrations were improved with exercise. Western blot expression of cyclin dependent kinase 5 (CDK5, involved in neural cell death and hyperphosphorylation of tau), was elevated in 3xTg-AD jejunum. This was associated with a 4-fold increase in tau5 expression. Exercise prevented the increase in expression of CDK5 and tau5. Expression of caspase 3 (an apoptotic marker) was elevated in 3xTg-AD jejunum and exercise prevented this. The results of our study indicate that the abnormalities in jejunum of the 3xTg mouse model of AD were prevented with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Al-Nakkash
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Daniel Mason
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Niamatullah Ismail
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Taylor Bowman
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - John Ahlert
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Maxwell Rubin
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Emma Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Abigail Rosander
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
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Fossa P, Uggeri M, Orro A, Urbinati C, Rondina A, Milanesi M, Pedemonte N, Pesce E, Padoan R, Ford RC, Meng X, Rusnati M, D’Ursi P. Virtual Drug Repositioning as a Tool to Identify Natural Small Molecules That Synergize with Lumacaftor in F508del-CFTR Binding and Rescuing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012274. [PMID: 36293130 PMCID: PMC9602983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease mainly caused by the deletion of the Phe 508 (F508del) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein that is thus withheld in the endoplasmic reticulum and rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Cystic fibrosis remains a potentially fatal disease, but it has become treatable as a chronic condition due to some CFTR-rescuing drugs that, when used in combination, increase in their therapeutic effect due to a synergic action. Also, dietary supplementation of natural compounds in combination with approved drugs could represent a promising strategy to further alleviate cystic fibrosis symptoms. On these bases, we screened by in silico drug repositioning 846 small synthetic or natural compounds from the AIFA database to evaluate their capacity to interact with the highly druggable lumacaftor binding site of F508del-CFTR. Among the identified hits, nicotinamide (NAM) was predicted to accommodate into the lumacaftor binding region of F508del-CFTR without competing against the drug but rather stabilizing its binding. The effective capacity of NAM to bind F508del-CFTR in a lumacaftor-uncompetitive manner was then validated experimentally by surface plasmon resonance analysis. Finally, the capacity of NAM to synergize with lumacaftor increasing its CFTR-rescuing activity was demonstrated in cell-based assays. This study suggests the possible identification of natural small molecules devoid of side effects and endowed with the capacity to synergize with drugs currently employed for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, which hopefully will increase the therapeutic efficacy with lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Uggeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Chiara Urbinati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rondina
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Maria Milanesi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Pesce
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Padoan
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Support Centre for Cystic Fibrosis, Children’s Hospital—ASST Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert C. Ford
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xin Meng
- Cellular Degradation Systems Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Pasqualina D’Ursi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (P.D.)
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Tan X, Kini A, Römermann D, Seidler U. The NHE3 Inhibitor Tenapanor Prevents Intestinal Obstructions in CFTR-Deleted Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179993. [PMID: 36077390 PMCID: PMC9456459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the CFTR chloride channel result in intestinal obstructive episodes in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and in CF animal models. In this study, we explored the possibility of reducing the frequency of obstructive episodes in cftr−/− mice through the oral application of a gut-selective NHE3 inhibitor tenapanor and searched for the underlying mechanisms involved. Sex- and age-matched cftr+/+ and cftr−/− mice were orally gavaged twice daily with 30 mg kg−1 tenapanor or vehicle for a period of 21 days. Body weight and stool water content was assessed daily and gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) once weekly. The mice were sacrificed when an intestinal obstruction was suspected or after 21 days, and stool and tissues were collected for further analysis. Twenty-one day tenapanor application resulted in a significant increase in stool water content and stool alkalinity and a significant decrease in GTT in cftr+/+ and cftr−/− mice. Tenapanor significantly reduced obstructive episodes to 8% compared to 46% in vehicle-treated cftr−/− mice and prevented mucosal inflammation. A decrease in cryptal hyperproliferation, mucus accumulation, and mucosal mast cell number was also observed in tenapanor- compared to vehicle-treated, unobstructed cftr−/− mice. Overall, oral tenapanor application prevented obstructive episodes in CFTR-deficient mice and was safe in cftr+/+ and cftr−/− mice. These results suggest that tenapanor may be a safe and affordable adjunctive therapy in cystic fibrosis patients to alleviate constipation and prevent recurrent DIOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ursula Seidler
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5115-329-427; Fax: +49-5115-328-428
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Grubb BR, Livraghi-Butrico A. Animal models of cystic fibrosis in the era of highly effective modulator therapies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Garbiec E, Cielecka-Piontek J, Kowalówka M, Hołubiec M, Zalewski P. Genistein-Opportunities Related to an Interesting Molecule of Natural Origin. Molecules 2022; 27:815. [PMID: 35164079 PMCID: PMC8840253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasingly more attention is being paid to a holistic approach to health, in which diet contributes to disease prevention. There is growing interest in functional food that not only provides basic nutrition but has also been demonstrated to be an opportunity for the prevention of disorders. A promising functional food is soybean, which is the richest source of the isoflavone, genistein. Genistein may be useful in the prevention and treatment of such disorders as psoriasis, cataracts, cystic fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. However, achievable concentrations of genistein in humans are low, and the use of soybean as a functional food is not devoid of concerns, which are related to genistein's potential side effects resulting from its estrogenic and goitrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Garbiec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska St., 60-354 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Hołubiec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (P.Z.)
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Gibson-Corley KN, Engelhardt JF. Animal Models and Their Role in Understanding the Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Gastrointestinal Lesions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:51-67. [PMID: 33497264 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-022420-105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has greatly increased over the past decade, and researchers and clinicians must now navigate complex disease manifestations that were not a concern prior to the development of modern therapies. Explosive growth in the number of CF animal models has also occurred over this time span, clarifying CF disease pathophysiology and creating opportunities to understand more complex disease processes associated with an aging CF population. This review focuses on the CF-associated pathologies of the gastrointestinal system and how animal models have increased our understanding of this complex multisystemic disease. Although CF is primarily recognized as a pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal pathology occurs very commonly and can affect the quality of life for these patients. Furthermore, we discuss how next-generation genetic engineering of larger animal models will impact the field's understanding of CF disease pathophysiology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA;
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA;
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