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Estrada-Sierra NA, Gonzalez-Avila M, Urias-Silvas JE, Rincon-Enriquez G, Garcia-Parra MD, Villanueva-Rodriguez SJ. The Effect of Opuntia ficus Mucilage Pectin and Citrus aurantium Extract Added to a Food Matrix on the Gut Microbiota of Lean Humans and Humans with Obesity. Foods 2024; 13:587. [PMID: 38397564 PMCID: PMC10887714 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have provided evidence that physicochemical interactions in the food matrix can modify the biologically beneficial effects of bioactive compounds, including their effect on gut microbiota. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of a food gel matrix with Opuntia ficus cladodes mucilage pectin and Citrus Aurantium extract on the growth of four beneficial gut bacteria obtained from the fecal microbiota of people who are lean or who have obesity after digestion in the upper digestive system. To accomplish this, a base formulation of Opuntia ficus cladodes mucilage with or without C. aurantium extract was submitted to an ex vivo fecal fermentation in an automatic and robotic intestinal system. The changes in the intestinal microbiota were determined by means of plate culture and 16S sequencing, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced in the colon were determined via gas chromatography. In the presence of the extract in formulation, greater growth of Bifidobacterium spp. (+1.6 Log10 Colonic Forming Unit, UFC) and Lactobacillus spp. (+2 Log10 UFC) in the microbiota of lean people was observed. Only the growth in Salmonella spp. (-1 Log10 UFC) from both microbiota was affected in the presence of the extract, which decreased in the ascending colon. SCFA was mainly produced by the microbiota of people who were lean rather than those who had obesity in the presence of the extract, particularly in the ascending colon. The effect of sour orange extract seems to depend on the origin of the microbiota, whether in people who have obesity (25 mM/L) or are lean (39 mM/L).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Socorro Josefina Villanueva-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (N.A.E.-S.); (M.G.-A.); (J.-E.U.-S.); (G.R.-E.); (M.D.G.-P.)
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2
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Evans M, Dai L, Avesani CM, Kublickiene K, Stenvinkel P. The dietary source of trimethylamine N-oxide and clinical outcomes: an unexpected liaison. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1804-1812. [PMID: 37915930 PMCID: PMC10616480 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The profile of gut microbiota can vary according to host genetic and dietary characteristics, and be influenced by disease state and environmental stressors. The uremic dysbiosis results in a loss of biodiversity and overgrowth of microorganisms that may cause elevation of metabolic solutes such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), inducing pathogenic effects on its host. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), TMAO levels are elevated because of a decreased clearance and an increased production from the uremic gut dysbiosis with a disrupted intestinal barrier and elevated enzymatic hepatic activity. Dietary precursors of TMAO are abundant in animal-derived foods such as red meat, egg yolk and other full-fat dietary products. TMAO is also found naturally in fish and certain types of seafood, with the TMAO content highly variable according to the depth of the sea where the fish is caught, as well as processing and storage. Although evidence points towards TMAO as being an important link to vascular damage and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, the evidence in CKD patients has not been consistent. In this review we discuss the potential dietary sources of TMAO and its actions on the intestinal microbiome as an explanation for the divergent results. We further highlight the potential of a healthy diet as one feasible therapeutic opportunity to prevent gut dysbiosis and reduce uremic toxin levels in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Evans
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Dai
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Maria Avesani
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Ben-Yacov O, Godneva A, Rein M, Shilo S, Lotan-Pompan M, Weinberger A, Segal E. Gut microbiome modulates the effects of a personalised postprandial-targeting (PPT) diet on cardiometabolic markers: a diet intervention in pre-diabetes. Gut 2023; 72:1486-1496. [PMID: 37137684 PMCID: PMC10359530 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-329201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the interplay between dietary modifications, microbiome composition and host metabolic responses in a dietary intervention setting of a personalised postprandial-targeting (PPT) diet versus a Mediterranean (MED) diet in pre-diabetes. DESIGN In a 6-month dietary intervention, adults with pre-diabetes were randomly assigned to follow an MED or PPT diet (based on a machine-learning algorithm for predicting postprandial glucose responses). Data collected at baseline and 6 months from 200 participants who completed the intervention included: dietary data from self-recorded logging using a smartphone application, gut microbiome data from shotgun metagenomics sequencing of faecal samples, and clinical data from continuous glucose monitoring, blood biomarkers and anthropometrics. RESULTS PPT diet induced more prominent changes to the gut microbiome composition, compared with MED diet, consistent with overall greater dietary modifications observed. Particularly, microbiome alpha-diversity increased significantly in PPT (p=0.007) but not in MED arm (p=0.18). Post hoc analysis of changes in multiple dietary features, including food-categories, nutrients and PPT-adherence score across the cohort, demonstrated significant associations between specific dietary changes and species-level changes in microbiome composition. Furthermore, using causal mediation analysis we detect nine microbial species that partially mediate the association between specific dietary changes and clinical outcomes, including three species (from Bacteroidales, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospirales orders) that mediate the association between PPT-adherence score and clinical outcomes of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides. Finally, using machine-learning models trained on dietary changes and baseline clinical data, we predict personalised metabolic responses to dietary modifications and assess features importance for clinical improvement in cardiometabolic markers of blood lipids, glycaemic control and body weight. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of gut microbiome in modulating the effects of dietary modifications on cardiometabolic outcomes, and advance the concept of precision nutrition strategies for reducing comorbidities in pre-diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03222791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Ben-Yacov
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anastasia Godneva
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Rein
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Smadar Shilo
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maya Lotan-Pompan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Coulbault L, Laniepce A, Segobin S, Boudehent C, Cabé N, Pitel AL. Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Indoxyl Sulfate Concentrations in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Nutrients 2022; 14:3964. [PMID: 36235617 PMCID: PMC9572718 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are produced by the microbiota and the liver, and can contribute to brain aging and impaired cognitive function. This study aims to examine serum TMAO and IS concentrations in patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD) at the entry for alcohol withdrawal, and the relationships with several biological, neuropsychological, and clinical parameters. Methods: TMAO and IS were quantified in thirty AUD inpatients and fifteen healthy controls (HC). The severities of AUD and alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), and general cognitive abilities were assessed in AUD patients. Results: TMAO concentrations did not differ between HC and AUD patients. Several biomarkers assessing nutritional status and liver function were significantly different in AUD patients with the lowest TMAO concentrations compared to other AUD patients. IS concentration was significantly lower in AUD patients and a significant positive predictor of serum prealbumin variation during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal. No relationship was observed between the concentrations of these metabolites and the severities of alcohol dependence, AWS, or cognitive deficits. Conclusions: Our data suggest that AUD patients with low concentrations of TMAO or IS should probably benefit from a personalized refeeding program during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal.
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Dai Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Xu S, Zhang Q, Duan Z, Tan R, Qi X, Guo J, Chang X, Wu C, Zhou Z. Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36014922 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived cometabolite linked to cardiometabolic disease, has been associated with elevated dietary status, particularly in people with kidney failure and adults with dietary modulations. However, the influence of the current diet on TMAO levels in free-living children has not been adequately described. This study was to explore associations of food compositions and dietary diversity with urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations. Urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations of 474 healthy children from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography−Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q Exactive HRMS). Individual food compositions from 24 h dietary recall data were classified into 20 groups and diversity scores were calculated according to the guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Associations of urinary TMAO and its precursors with food compositions and dietary diversity scores were assessed by generalized linear regression models. In models adjusted for potential confounders, urinary TMAO was significantly associated with intakes of fish (β, regression coefficient = 0.155, p < 0.05) and vegetables (β = 0.120, p < 0.05). Eggs intake showed positive associations with TMAO’s precursors (trimethylamine: β = 0.179, p < 0.05; choline: β = 0.181, p < 0.05). No association between meat intake and TMAO was observed, whereas meat and poultry intakes were related to the levels of acetyl-L-carnitine and L-carnitine (β: 0.134 to 0.293, p < 0.05). The indicators of dietary diversity were positively correlated to TMAO concentration (β: 0.027 to 0.091, p < 0.05). In this free-living children-based study, dietary factors were related to urinary TMAO and its precursors, especially fish, meat, and eggs. As such, dietary diversity was positively related to the level of TMAO.
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6
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Picone G, Mengucci C, Capozzi F. The NMR added value to the green foodomics perspective: Advances by machine learning to the holistic view on food and nutrition. Magn Reson Chem 2022; 60:590-596. [PMID: 35174523 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food is a complex matter, literally. From production to functionalization, from nutritional quality engineering to predicting effects on health, the interest in finding an efficient physicochemical characterization of food has boomed in recent years. The sheer complexity of characterizing food and its interaction with the human organism has however made the use of data driven approaches in modeling a necessity. High-throughput techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, are well suited for omics data production and, coupled with machine learning, are paving a promising way of modeling food-human interaction. The foodomics approach sets the framework for omic data integration in food studies, in which NMR experiments play a key role. NMR data can be used to assess nutritional qualities of food, helping the design of functional and sustainable sources of nutrients; detect biomarkers of intake and study how they impact the metabolism of different individuals; study the kinetics of compounds in foods or their by-products to detect pathological conditions; and improve the efficiency of in silico models of the metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Carlo Mengucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences DISTAL, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research - CIRI Agrofood, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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7
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Sun L, Guo X, Qin Y, Li P, Yu C, Gao X, Xie X, Xu X. Serum Intestinal Metabolites are Raised in Patients with Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:879-886. [PMID: 35592731 PMCID: PMC9113495 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s351984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and insulin resistance (IR). Increasing evidence indicates that psoriasis is associated with MetS. This study aimed to explore some metabolite indexes which could evaluate the severity or predict the risk of psoriasis patients associated with MetS. Patients and methods It was a case-control study conducted in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sixty healthy volunteers (HC), 100 patients with psoriasis (Ps), 100 patients with MetS (MetS) and 80 patients with both psoriasis and MetS (Ps+MetS) were entered between January 2016 and December 2018. Blood samples were taken after at least 12 hours fasting and the contents of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), carnitine, choline and betaine in serum were measured by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Besides, the serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), blood glucose (BG), creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) were determined. Results The non-healthy groups had different degrees of dyslipidemia, Ps-MetS> Ps >MetS. Compared with HC, the Ps had a higher level of TG; The MetS had the lowest level of HDL; The Ps+Mets had the highest level of TG and CHO. The Ps and Ps+MetS both had high level of UA, but there was no difference between the two groups. As for intestinal metabolites, the Ps had significant differences in TMAO, carnitine, and betaine in comparison with HC. The MetS had the highest level of TMAO. There was positive correlation between PASI and TMAO and betaine. Conclusions TMAO and betaine could serve as indexes reflecting the severity of psoriasis. TG, CHO, LDL and UA could serve as risk factors of MetS in psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Sun
- Dermatology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Beiyuan Rehabilitation Department, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeping Qin
- Dermatology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijng Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Yu
- Beiyuan Rehabilitation Department, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- Beiyuan Rehabilitation Department, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Xie
- Beijng Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Xu
- Ulcers Surgical Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People's Republic of China
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8
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Mafra D, Borges NA, Alvarenga L, Ribeiro M, Fonseca L, Leal VO, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Fermented food: Should patients with cardiometabolic diseases go back to an early neolithic diet? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10173-10196. [PMID: 35593230 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2077300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation has been used since the Early Neolithic period to preserve foods. It has inherent organoleptic and nutritive properties that bestow health benefits, including reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, supporting the growth of salutogenic microbiota, enhancing intestinal mucosal protection and promoting beneficial immunometabolic health effects. The fermentation of food with specific microbiota increases the production salutogenic bioactive compounds that can activate Nrf2 mediated cytoprotective responses and mitigate the effects of the 'diseasome of aging' and its associated inflammageing, which presents as a prominent feature of obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. This review discusses the importance of fermented food in improving health span, with special reference to cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mafra
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Alvarenga
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Fonseca
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V O Leal
- Division of Nutrition, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) and its N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in prokaryote and eukaryote organisms as well as in the environment, reflecting their fundamental importance in evolutionary biology, and their diverse biochemical functions. Both metabolites have multiple biological roles including cell-signaling. Much attention has focused on the significance of serum and urinary TMAO in cardiovascular disease risk, yet this is only one of the many facets of a deeper TMA-TMAO partnership that reflects the significance of these metabolites in multiple biological processes spanning animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. We report on analytical methods for measuring TMA and TMAO and attempt to critically synthesize and map the global functions of TMA and TMAO in a systems biology framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey Leng Loo
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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10
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Sharma V, Sharma V, Shahjouei S, Li J, Chaudhary D, Khan A, Wolk DM, Zand R, Abedi V. At the Intersection of Gut Microbiome and Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Neurol 2021; 12:729399. [PMID: 34630304 PMCID: PMC8498333 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.729399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are associated with a high rate of long-term disability and death. Recent investigations focus efforts to better understand how alterations in gut microbiota composition influence clinical outcomes. A key metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), is linked to multiple inflammatory, vascular, and oxidative pathways. The current biochemical underpinnings of microbial effects on stroke remain largely understudied. The goal of our study is to explore the current literature to explain the interactions between the human gut microbiome and stroke progression, recovery, and outcome. We also provide a descriptive review of TMAO. Methods: A systematic literature search of published articles between January 1, 1990, and March 22, 2020, was performed on the PubMed database to identify studies addressing the role of the microbiome and TMAO in the pathogenesis and recovery of acute stroke. Our initial investigation focused on human subject studies and was further expanded to include animal studies. Relevant articles were included, regardless of study design. The analysis included reviewers classifying and presenting selected articles by study design and sample size in a chart format. Results: A total of 222 titles and abstracts were screened. A review of the 68 original human subject articles resulted in the inclusion of 24 studies in this review. To provide further insight into TMAO as a key player, an additional 40 articles were also reviewed and included. Our findings highlighted that alterations in richness and abundance of gut microbes and increased plasma TMAO play an important role in vascular events and outcomes. Our analysis revealed that restoration of a healthy gut, through targeted TMAO-reducing therapies, could provide alternative secondary prevention for at-risk patients. Discussion: Biochemical interactions between the gut microbiome and inflammation, resulting in metabolic derangements, can affect stroke progression and outcomes. Clinical evidence supports the importance of TMAO in modulating underlying stroke risk factors. Lack of standardization and distinct differences in sample sizes among studies are major limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Sharma
- Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Shima Shahjouei
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Durgesh Chaudhary
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States.,Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Northeast Internal Medicine Residency, Wilkes Barre, PA, United States
| | - Donna M Wolk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Diagnostic Medicine Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Ramin Zand
- Geisinger Health System, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Vida Abedi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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11
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Rox K, Rath S, Pieper DH, Vital M, Brönstrup M. A simplified LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the cardiovascular disease biomarker trimethylamine- N-oxide and its precursors. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:523-528. [PMID: 34513129 PMCID: PMC8424355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has emerged as a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although several clinical studies have shown striking associations of TMAO levels with atherosclerosis and CVDs, TMAO determinations are not clinical routine yet. The current methodology relies on isotope-labeled internal standards, which adds to pre-analytical complexity and costs for the quantification of TMAO and its precursors carnitine, betaine or choline. Here, we report a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based method that is fast (throughput up to 240 samples/day), consumes low sample volumes (e.g., from a finger prick), and does not require isotope-labeled standards. We circumvented the analytical problem posed by the presence of endogenous TMAO and its precursors in human plasma by using an artificial plasma matrix for calibration. We cross-validated the results obtained using an artificial matrix with those using mouse plasma matrix and demonstrated that TMAO, carnitine, betaine and choline were accurately quantified in ‘real-life’ human plasma samples from healthy volunteers, obtained either from a finger prick or from venous puncture. Additionally, we assessed the stability of samples stored at −20 °C and room temperature. Whereas all metabolites were stable at −20 °C, increasing concentrations of choline were determined when stored at room temperature. Our method will facilitate the establishment of TMAO as a routine clinical biomarker in hematology in order to assess the risk for CVDs development, or to monitor disease progression and intervention effects. Low sample volume for LC-MS/MS-based detection of TMAO and its precursors choline, carnitine and betaine. No need for isotope-labeled standards. Fast and cost-effective method facilitates measurement of biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Rath
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Myers WA, Wang F, Chang C, Davis AN, Rico JE, Tate BN, France TL, Wang LF, McFadden JW. Intravenous trimethylamine N-oxide infusion does not modify circulating markers of liver health, glucose tolerance, and milk production in early-lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9948-9955. [PMID: 34176629 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In rodents and humans, the gut bacteria-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, fatty liver, and insulin resistance; however, the effects of TMAO on dairy cattle health and milk production have not been defined. We aimed to determine whether intravenous TMAO infusion modifies measures of liver health, glucose tolerance, and milk production in early-lactation cows. Eight early-lactation Holstein cows (30.4 ± 6.41 d in milk; 2.88 ± 0.83 lactations) were enrolled in a study with a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were intravenously infused TMAO at 0 (control), 20, 40, or 60 g/d for 6 d. Washout periods lasted 9 d. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT) occurred on d 5. Blood was collected daily. Milk was collected on d -1, 0, 5, and 6. Urine was collected on d -1 and 6. Circulating metabolites, milk components, and TMAO concentrations in milk, urine, and plasma were quantified. Data were analyzed using a mixed model that included the fixed effects of treatment. Concentrations of TMAO in plasma, milk, and urine increased linearly with increasing dose. Dry matter intake and milk production were not modified by treatment. Daily plasma triacylglycerol, fatty acid (FA), and glucose concentrations were not modified. Serum albumin, total protein, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase concentrations were also not modified by treatment. Serum GTT glucose, FA, and insulin concentrations were not modified by treatment. Plasma total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione concentrations were also not modified by treatment. We conclude that a 6-d intravenous infusion of TMAO does not influence measures of liver health, glucose tolerance, or milk production in early-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Myers
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 830052
| | - Crystal Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Amanda N Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J Eduardo Rico
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Brianna N Tate
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Tanya L France
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Linfeng F Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China 450046
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13
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Lombardo M, Aulisa G, Marcon D, Rizzo G, Tarsisano MG, Di Renzo L, Federici M, Caprio M, De Lorenzo A. Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051426. [PMID: 33922680 PMCID: PMC8145508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in people with kidney failure. The aim of this review is to evaluate which foods have a greater influence on blood or urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Methods: 391 language articles were screened, and 27 were analysed and summarized for this review, using the keywords “TMAO” AND “egg” OR “meat” OR “fish” OR “dairy” OR “vegetables” OR “fruit” OR “food” in December 2020. Results: A strong correlation between TMAO and fish consumption, mainly saltwater fish and shellfish, but not freshwater fish, has been demonstrated. Associations of the consumption of eggs, dairy and meat with TMAO are less clear and may depend on other factors such as microbiota or cooking methods. Plant-based foods do not seem to influence TMAO but have been less investigated. Discussion: Consumption of saltwater fish, dark meat fish and shellfish seems to be associated with an increase in urine or plasma TMAO values. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increased risk of cardiovascular disease and plasma levels of TMAO due to fish consumption. Interventions coupled with long-term dietary patterns targeting the gut microbiota seem promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00173 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Aulisa
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniele Marcon
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Tarsisano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.D.R.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00173 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.D.R.); (A.D.L.)
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14
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Li L, Zhai J, Yu B, Wang H, Yang D, Wang Q, Chang Y, Li J, Zhang P, Zhang H, Li Y. Effect of DLT-SML on Chronic Stable Angina Through Ameliorating Inflammation, Correcting Dyslipidemia, and Regulating Gut Microbiota. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:458-69. [PMID: 33657052 DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic stable angina (CSA) is caused by coronary atherosclerosis. The gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are associated with atherosclerosis. Danlou tablet (DLT) combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza ligustrazine (SML) injection has been used to treat CSA. This study aims to investigate how DLT combined with SML (DLT-SML) regulates serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines, GM community, and microbial metabolite in patients with CSA. In this study, 30 patients with CSA were enrolled in the DLT-SML group, and 10 healthy volunteers were included in the healthy control group. The patients in the DLT-SML group were subdivided as the normal total cholesterol (TC) group and high-TC group according to their serum TC level before treatment. Blood samples were collected to investigate the (1) lipid content, including triglyceride (TG), TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (2) fasting blood glucose (Glu), (3) inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and (4) gut-derived metabolite, including lipopolysaccharides and TMAO level. GM composition was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA of fecal samples. Results showed that DLT-SML significantly decreased serum TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TMAO levels of patients with CSA. DLT-SML increased the abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria, which were significantly lower or higher in patients with CSA, respectively, compared with the healthy control group. In particular, DLT-SML increased the microbial diversity and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of patients with high-TC. The abundance of Sarcina, Anaerostipes, Streptococcus, Weissella, and Erysipelatoclostridium was decreased, whereas Romboutsia, Faecalibacterium, and Subdoligranulum were increased by DLT-SML treatment in patients with CSA. These findings indicated that DLT-SML improved patients with CSA by ameliorating dyslipidemia profile, decreasing the circulating inflammatory cytokines, and regulating the GM composition and their metabolites.
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15
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16
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Verduci E, Mameli C, Amatruda M, Petitti A, Vizzuso S, El Assadi F, Zuccotti G, Alabduljabbar S, Terranegra A. Early Nutrition and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 7:612377. [PMID: 33425976 PMCID: PMC7785819 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.612377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) appears most frequently in childhood, with an alarming increasing incidence in the last decades. Although the genetic predisposition is a major risk factor, it cannot solely explain the complex etiology of T1D which is still not fully understood. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent findings on the role of early nutrition and the involvement of the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of T1D. The main conclusions that are withdrawn from the current literature regarding alleviating the risk of developing T1D through nutrition are the encouragement of long-term breast-feeding for at least the first 6 months of life and the avoidance of early complementary foods and gluten introduction (before 4 months of age) as well as cow milk introduction before 12 months of life. These detrimental feeding habits create a gut microbiota dysbiotic state that can contribute to the onset of T1D in infancy. Finally, we discussed the possibility to introduce probiotics, prebiotics and post-biotics in the prevention of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Amatruda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Petitti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Farah El Assadi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Ruuskanen MO, Åberg F, Männistö V, Havulinna AS, Méric G, Liu Y, Loomba R, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Tripathi A, Valsta LM, Inouye M, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Jain M, Knight R, Lahti L, Niiranen TJ. Links between gut microbiome composition and fatty liver disease in a large population sample. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-22. [PMID: 33651661 PMCID: PMC7928040 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1888673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease in the world. Its connection with the gut microbiome has been known for at least 80 y, but this association remains mostly unstudied in the general population because of underdiagnosis and small sample sizes. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the link between the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a well-established proxy for fatty liver disease, and gut microbiome composition in a representative, ethnically homogeneous population sample of 6,269 Finnish participants. We based our models on biometric covariates and gut microbiome compositions from shallow metagenome sequencing. Our classification models could discriminate between individuals with a high FLI (≥60, indicates likely liver steatosis) and low FLI (<60) in internal cross-region validation, consisting of 30% of the data not used in model training, with an average AUC of 0.75 and AUPRC of 0.56 (baseline at 0.30). In addition to age and sex, our models included differences in 11 microbial groups from class Clostridia, mostly belonging to orders Lachnospirales and Oscillospirales. Our models were also predictive of the high FLI group in a different Finnish cohort, consisting of 258 participants, with an average AUC of 0.77 and AUPRC of 0.51 (baseline at 0.21). Pathway analysis of representative genomes of the positively FLI-associated taxa in (NCBI) Clostridium subclusters IV and XIVa indicated the presence of, e.g., ethanol fermentation pathways. These results support several findings from smaller case-control studies, such as the role of endogenous ethanol producers in the development of the fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti O. Ruuskanen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM - HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, NAFLD Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anupriya Tripathi
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liisa M. Valsta
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leo Lahti
- Deparment of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu J. Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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18
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Burton-Pimentel KJ, Pimentel G, Hughes M, Michielsen CC, Fatima A, Vionnet N, Afman LA, Roche HM, Brennan L, Ibberson M, Vergères G. Discriminating Dietary Responses by Combining Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Data in Nutrition Intervention Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000647. [PMID: 33325641 PMCID: PMC8221028 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scope Combining different “omics” data types in a single, integrated analysis may better characterize the effects of diet on human health. Methods and results The performance of two data integration tools, similarity network fusion tool (SNFtool) and Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent variable approaches for “Omics” (DIABLO; MixOmics), in discriminating responses to diet and metabolic phenotypes is investigated by combining transcriptomics and metabolomics datasets from three human intervention studies: a postprandial crossover study testing dairy foods (n = 7; study 1), a postprandial challenge study comparing obese and non‐obese subjects (n = 13; study 2); and an 8‐week parallel intervention study that assessed three diets with variable lipid content on fasting parameters (n = 39; study 3). In study 1, combining datasets using SNF or DIABLO significantly improve sample classification. For studies 2 and 3, the value of SNF integration depends on the dietary groups being compared, while DIABLO discriminates samples well but does not perform better than transcriptomic data alone. Conclusion The integration of associated “omics” datasets can help clarify the subtle signals observed in nutritional interventions. The performance of each integration tool is differently influenced by study design, size of the datasets, and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Burton-Pimentel
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | - Maria Hughes
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 C7X2, Ireland.,Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Charlotte Cjr Michielsen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Attia Fatima
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 C7X2, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 C7X2, Ireland.,Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital IT, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
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19
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Murphy B, Talegawkar SA, O'Connor J, Kandula NR, Kanaya AM, Allison MA, Parekh N. Association between dairy product intake and body composition among South Asian adults from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1100-9. [PMID: 33308330 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
South Asians, who are at a disproportionately greater risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), represent a rapidly growing population in the USA. The relationship between dairy products, a major component of South Asian diets, and body composition - an established risk factor for ASCVD, is unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between dairy intake and multiple measures of body composition (BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist:hip ratio, abdominal lean mass, subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular fat areas) among South Asian adults in the USA. A baseline analysis was conducted using existing data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohort. In women, the highest (>1·9 servings/d) v. lowest (<1 serving/d) tertile of dairy intake was associated with 53 % lower odds of a waist circumference >80 cm (95 % CI 0·25, 0·89, Pfor trend<0·05). No associations were observed between dairy intake and measures of body composition. However, >3 servings of low-fat yogurt/week was associated with a 9·9 cm2 lower visceral fat area (95 % CI -19·07, -0·72, P<0·05) and 2·3 cm2 lower intermuscular fat area (95 % CI -3·76, -0·79, P<0·05) as compared with those with three servings/week. Milk and cheese were not associated with body composition measures. These analyses suggest that higher consumption of low-fat yogurt is associated with lower visceral and intermuscular fat in the whole sample, and women with higher dairy intake have lower waist circumference. Our study supports dietary incorporation of dairy products, and recognises the utility of multidimensional measures of central adiposity.
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20
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Ebert T, Painer J, Bergman P, Qureshi AR, Giroud S, Stalder G, Kublickiene K, Göritz F, Vetter S, Bieber C, Fröbert O, Arnemo JM, Zedrosser A, Redtenbacher I, Shiels PG, Johnson RJ, Stenvinkel P. Insights in the regulation of trimetylamine N-oxide production using a comparative biomimetic approach suggest a metabolic switch in hibernating bears. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20323. [PMID: 33230252 PMCID: PMC7684304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal species as well as during hibernation in two animal species. Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with renal function in humans and differed significantly across animal species. Free-ranging brown bears showed a distinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernation, but exhibited undetectable levels of TMAO. Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels compared to captive brown bears. Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the vulnerable hibernating period. Carnivorous eating habits are linked to TMAO levels in the animal kingdom. Captivity may alter the microbiota and cause a subsequent increase of TMAO production. Since free-ranging bears seems to turn on a metabolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understanding of such an adaptive switch could hold clues for novel treatment options in burden of lifestyle diseases, such as CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebert
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Painer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Veterinary University Vienna, Savoyenstreet 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bergman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Veterinary University Vienna, Savoyenstreet 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Veterinary University Vienna, Savoyenstreet 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Göritz
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Ecology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vetter
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Veterinary University Vienna, Savoyenstreet 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Bieber
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Veterinary University Vienna, Savoyenstreet 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, Koppang, Norway.,Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway.,Institute for Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Renal Medicine M99, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Simó C, García-Cañas V. Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development. Food Funct 2020; 11:6745-6776. [PMID: 32686802 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of clinical evidence that supports a strong association between elevated circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels with increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. TMAO is synthesized through a meta-organismal stepwise process that involves (i) the microbial production of TMA in the gut from dietary precursors and (ii) its subsequent oxidation to TMAO by flavin-containing monooxygenases in the liver. Choline, l-carnitine, betaine, and other TMA-containing compounds are the major dietary precursors of TMA. TMAO can also be absorbed directly from the gastrointestinal tract after the intake of TMAO-rich foods such as fish and shellfish. Thus, diet is an important factor as it provides the nutritional precursors to eventually produce TMAO. A number of studies have attempted to associate circulating TMAO levels with the consumption of diets rich in these foods. On the other hand, there is growing interest for the development of novel food ingredients that reduce either the TMAO-induced damage or the endogenous TMAO levels through the interference with microbiota and host metabolic processes involved in TMAO pathway. Such novel functional food ingredients would offer great opportunities to control circulating TMAO levels or its effects, and potentially contribute to decrease cardiovascular risk. In this review we summarize and discuss current data regarding the effects of TMA precursors-enriched foods or diets on circulating TMAO levels, and recent findings regarding the circulating TMAO-lowering effects of specific foods, food constituents and phytochemicals found in herbs, individually or in extracts, and their potential beneficial effect for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simó
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Roder T, Wüthrich D, Bär C, Sattari Z, Ah UV, Ronchi F, Macpherson AJ, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Bruggmann R, Vergères G. In Silico Comparison Shows that the Pan-Genome of a Dairy-Related Bacterial Culture Collection Covers Most Reactions Annotated to Human Microbiomes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E966. [PMID: 32605102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the human microbiome is positively associated with human health. However, this diversity is endangered by Westernized dietary patterns that are characterized by a decreased nutrient variety. Diversity might potentially be improved by promoting dietary patterns rich in microbial strains. Various collections of bacterial cultures resulting from a century of dairy research are readily available worldwide, and could be exploited to contribute towards this end. We have conducted a functional in silico analysis of the metagenome of 24 strains, each representing one of the species in a bacterial culture collection composed of 626 sequenced strains, and compared the pathways potentially covered by this metagenome to the intestinal metagenome of four healthy, although overweight, humans. Remarkably, the pan-genome of the 24 strains covers 89% of the human gut microbiome’s annotated enzymatic reactions. Furthermore, the dairy microbial collection covers biological pathways, such as methylglyoxal degradation, sulfate reduction, γ-aminobutyric (GABA) acid degradation and salicylate degradation, which are differently covered among the four subjects and are involved in a range of cardiometabolic, intestinal, and neurological disorders. We conclude that microbial culture collections derived from dairy research have the genomic potential to complement and restore functional redundancy in human microbiomes.
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Roggensack T, Merz B, Dick N, Bub A, Krüger R. Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric quantification of methylated amines and selected amino acids in biofluids. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8646. [PMID: 31674086 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methylated amino compounds and basic amino acids are important analyte classes with high relevance in nutrition, physical activity and physiology. Reliable and easy quantification methods covering a variety of metabolites in body fluids are a prerequisite for efficient investigations in the field of food and nutrition. METHODS Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC/MS) analysis was performed using HILIC separation and timed ESI-MRM detection, combined with a short sample preparation. Calibration in urine and blood plasma was achieved by matrix-matched standards, isotope-labelled internal standards and standard addition. The method was fully validated and the performance was evaluated using a subset from the Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study. RESULTS Within this method, a total of 30 compounds could be quantified simultaneously in a short run of 9 min in both body fluids. This covers a variety of free amino compounds which are present in very different concentrations. The method is easy, precise and robust, and has a broad working range. As a proof of principle, literature-based associations of certain metabolites with dietary intake of respective foods were clearly confirmed in the KarMeN subset. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the method turned out to be well suited for application in nutrition studies, as shown for the example of food intake biomarkers in KarMeN. Application to a variety of questions such as food-related effects or physical activity will support future studies in the context of nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Roggensack
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Niels Dick
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
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