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Tang HHY, Taylor D, Deftereos I, Ottaway A, Yeung JMC. Doctors' knowledge and perceptions of perioperative nutrition support; results from a large Australian tertiary referral Centre. ANZ J Surg 2023. [PMID: 36881509 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard H Y Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Footscray Hospital, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Taylor
- Department of General Surgery, Footscray Hospital, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Deftereos
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurora Ottaway
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin M C Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jones G, Macaninch E, Mellor DD, Spiro A, Martyn K, Butler T, Johnson A, Moore JB. Putting nutrition education on the table: development of a curriculum to meet future doctors' needs. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 36089804 PMCID: PMC9991850 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has further exacerbated trends of widening health inequalities in the UK. Shockingly, the number of years of life lived in general good health differs by over 18 years between the most and least deprived areas of England. Poor diets and obesity are established major risk factors for chronic cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, as well as severe COVID-19. For doctors to provide the best care to their patients, there is an urgent need to improve nutrition education in undergraduate medical school training.With this imperative, the Association for Nutrition established an Interprofessional Working Group on Medical Education (AfN IPG) to develop a new, modern undergraduate nutrition curriculum for medical doctors. The AfN IPG brought together expertise from nutrition, dietetic and medical professionals, representing the National Health Service (NHS), royal colleges, medical schools and universities, government public health departments, learned societies, medical students, and nutrition educators. The curriculum was developed with the key objective of being implementable through integration with the current undergraduate training of medical doctors.Through an iterative and transparent consultative process, thirteen key nutritional competencies, to be achieved through mastery of eleven graduation fundamentals, were established. The curriculum to facilitate the achievement of these key competencies is divided into eight topic areas, each underpinned by a learning objective statement and teaching points detailing the knowledge and skills development required. The teaching points can be achieved through clinical teaching and a combination of facilitated learning activities and practical skill acquisition. Therefore, the nutrition curriculum enables mastery of these nutritional competencies in a way that will complement and strengthen medical students' achievement of the General Medical Council (GMC) Outcome for Graduates.As nutrition is an integrative science, the AfN IPG recommends that the curriculum is incorporated into initial undergraduate medical studies before specialist training. This will enable our future doctors to recognise how nutrition is related to multiple aspects of their training, from physiological systems to patient-centred care, and acquire a broad, inclusive understanding of health and disease. In addition, it will facilitate medical schools to embed nutrition learning opportunities within the core medical training, without the need to add in a large number of new components to an already crowded programme or with additional burden for teaching staff.The undergraduate nutrition curriculum for medical doctors is designed to support medical schools to create future doctors who will understand and recognise the role of nutrition in health. Moreover, it will equip frontline staff to feel empowered to raise nutrition-related issues with their patients as a fundamental part of enhanced care and to appropriately refer on for nutrition support with a registered associate nutritionist/registered nutritionist (ANutr/RNutr) or registered dietitian (RD) where this is likely to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Macaninch
- Education and Research in Medical Education (ERimNN) Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kathy Martyn
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
- Education and Research in Medical Education (ERimNN), School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Thomas Butler
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | | | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- The Nutrition Society, London, UK
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Jones G, Macaninch E, Mellor D, Spiro A, Martyn K, Butler T, Johnson A, Moore JB. Putting nutrition education on the table: development of a curriculum to meet future doctors' needs. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:208-216. [PMID: 36619326 PMCID: PMC9813613 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has further exacerbated trends of widening health inequalities in the UK. Shockingly, the number of years of life lived in general good health differs by over 18 years between the most and least deprived areas of England. Poor diets and obesity are established major risk factors for chronic cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, as well as severe COVID-19. For doctors to provide the best care to their patients, there is an urgent need to improve nutrition education in undergraduate medical school training. With this imperative, the Association for Nutrition established the Inter-Professional Working Group on Medical Education (AfN IPG) to develop a new, modern undergraduate nutrition curriculum for medical doctors. The AfN IPG brought together expertise from nutrition, dietetic and medical professionals, representing the National Health Service, royal colleges, medical schools and universities, government public health departments, learned societies, medical students and nutrition educators. The curriculum was developed with the key objective of being implementable through integration with the current undergraduate training of medical doctors. Through an iterative and transparent consultative process, 13 key nutritional competencies, to be achieved through mastery of 11 graduation fundamentals, were established. The curriculum to facilitate the achievement of these key competencies is divided into eight topic areas, each underpinned by a learning objective statement and teaching points detailing the knowledge and skills development required. The teaching points can be achieved through clinical teaching and a combination of facilitated learning activities and practical skills acquisition. Therefore, the nutrition curriculum enables mastery of these nutritional competencies in a way that will complement and strengthen medical students' achievement of the General Medical Council Outcomes for Graduates. As nutrition is an integrative science, the AfN IPG recommends the curriculum is incorporated into initial undergraduate medical studies before specialist training. This will enable our future doctors to recognise how nutrition is related to multiple aspects of their training, from physiological systems to patient-centred care, and acquire a broad, inclusive understanding of health and disease. In addition, it will facilitate medical schools to embed nutrition learning opportunities within the core medical training, without the need to add in a large number of new components to an already crowded programme or with additional burden to teaching staff. The undergraduate nutrition curriculum for medical doctors is designed to support medical schools to create future doctors who will understand and recognise the role of nutrition in health. Moreover, it will equip front-line staff to feel empowered to raise nutrition-related issues with their patients as a fundamental part of enhanced care and to appropriately refer on for nutrition support with a registered nutritionist (RNutr)/registered associate nutritionist (ANutr) or a registered dietitian (RD) where this is likely to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Macaninch
- Education and Research in Medical Education (ERimNN), Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Duane Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Kathy Martyn
- Education and Research in Medical Education (ERimNN), School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Thomas Butler
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Patel P, Kassam S. Evaluating nutrition education interventions for medical students: A rapid review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:861-871. [PMID: 34842308 PMCID: PMC9546301 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Unhealthy diets account for 20% of all deaths globally. Most medical schools do not sufficiently teach their students the clinical application of nutrition science. Evaluating the efficacy of nutrition education interventions is therefore important for their widespread implementation. Methods A rapid review of the literature published between 2015 and 2020 was conducted to identify nutrition education interventions delivered to undergraduate medical students. The modified Kirkpatrick hierarchy score was used to evaluate the outcome measures. Study characteristics and outcomes were charted and discussed using narrative synthesis. Included studies were appraised using the MERSQI criteria. Results Fifteen nutrition education interventions met the inclusion criteria. Twelve were from the USA and most were optional rather than compulsory. Interventions involved a mixture of methods including cooking sessions, lectures, and student‐led programs. The content covered was variable and the median duration was 11 h (range 90 min to 75 h). The modified Kirkpatrick scores varied and the median MERSQI score was 12.8/18. No studies reported the use of national or standardised guidance to inform the learning objectives of the interventions. Conclusions The interventions reviewed are heterogenous in their nature and outcomes. This review highlights the advantages of utilising interprofessional learning, focusing on student's personal health behaviours and harnessing novel teaching methods such as hands‐on cooking. Using national guidance to develop learning outcomes will help to standardise the content taught. Future studies may aim to use validated assessment tools and investigate the long‐term impacts on delivery of care and patient outcomes. Increased nutrition training in medical education is needed. A variety of teaching approaches were identified, including novel methods such as culinary medicine and service learning. Future research is needed to further evaluate nutrition education interventions, including patient health outcomes. Development and utilisation of national guidance is needed to standardise content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patel
- College of Medicine and Health, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Shireen Kassam
- Department of Haematology, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London.,Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester, Hampshire
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