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Huber H, Schieren A, Holst JJ, Simon MC. Dietary impact on fasting and stimulated GLP-1 secretion in different metabolic conditions - a narrative review. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:599-627. [PMID: 38218319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal peptide and central mediator of glucose metabolism, is secreted by L cells in the intestine in response to food intake. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 is triggered by nutrient-sensing via transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GLP-1 secretion may be lower in adults with obesity/overweight (OW) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), but these findings are inconsistent. Because of the actions of GLP-1 on stimulating insulin secretion and promoting weight loss, GLP-1 and its analogs are used in pharmacologic preparations for the treatment of T2DM. However, physiologically stimulated GLP-1 secretion through the diet might be a preventive or synergistic method for improving glucose metabolism in individuals who are OW, or have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM. This narrative review focuses on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion in individuals with different metabolic conditions and degrees of glucose intolerance. Further, the influence of relevant diet-related factors (e.g., specific diets, meal composition, and size, phytochemical content, and gut microbiome) that could affect fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion are discussed. Some studies showed diminished glucose- or meal-stimulated GLP-1 response in participants with T2DM, IGT, or OW compared with those with NGT, whereas other studies have reported an elevated or unchanged GLP-1 response in T2DM or IGT. Meal composition, especially the relationship between macronutrients and interventions targeting the microbiome can impact postprandial GLP-1 secretion, although it is not clear which macronutrients are strong stimulants of GLP-1. Moreover, glucose tolerance, antidiabetic treatment, grade of overweight/obesity, and sex were important factors influencing GLP-1 secretion. The results presented in this review highlight the potential of nutritional and physiologic stimulation of GLP-1 secretion. Further research on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 concentrations and the resulting metabolic consequences under different metabolic conditions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Huber
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden; Department Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Schieren
- Department Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Moszak M, Pelczyńska M, Wesołek A, Stenclik D, Bogdański P. Does gut microbiota affect the success of weight loss? Evidence and speculation. Nutrition 2023; 116:112111. [PMID: 37562188 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic state of excessive fat accumulation in the body, characterized by significant relapse and complicated by a range of health consequences. In the treatment of obesity, a holistic approach including diet, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and psychological support is recommended. The implications of gut microbiota (GM) as a pathogenic factor in excess body weight have been discussed, and microbial-targeted therapies-including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-are considered adjuvant in obesity management. Many studies have focused on assessing the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics in weight control, although with inconclusive results, mainly because of the significant heterogeneity of the studies (with different strains, doses, forms, interventional durations, and outcomes). It is also unclear whether using probiotics or synbiotics accompanied by weight loss dietary interventions or as a part of bariatric surgery will be more effective in obesity management, not only in the short-term but also for long-term weight loss maintenance. The aim of this study was to collect and compare the available scientific data on the effectiveness of probiotic or synbiotic supplementation (as a single therapy versus as part of dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric therapy) on weight control in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Pelczyńska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Stenclik
- Student Scientific Club of Clinical Dietetics, Department of the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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3
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Egea MB, de Oliveira Filho JG, Lemes AC. Investigating the Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in Metabolic Syndrome Treatment: A Narrative Review of What Is Known So Far. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12015. [PMID: 37569390 PMCID: PMC10418856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by complex metabolic changes involving a cluster of co-occurring conditions, such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and high LDL cholesterol levels or low HDL cholesterol levels. The incidence and risk factors of MetS occurrence increase every year. It is estimated that MetS affects approximately 30% of the population of some countries. Therefore, novel strategies are being studied to reduce the negative impact of having an unbalanced diet and a lack of physical activity. One of these strategies is the administration of probiotic microorganisms, such as the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, which has been associated with several beneficial health effects (including modulation of the intestinal microbiota and improvement of the inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory profiles). Thus, the objective of this study was to review the risk factors of MetS occurrence and the beneficial effects of S. boulardii ingestion in the treatment of MetS. Here, we critically evaluate the treatment necessary to promote these benefits. Using the pre-established inclusion criteria, eight studies were reviewed, including five animal and three human studies. The results reported the regulation of the lipid profile, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and gene expression, and a decrease in mass gain as positive results when S. boulardii was administered. Although more experiments are needed to validate these results, especially using human models, there is a trend toward improvement in MetS and a reduction in its risk factors with the administration of S. boulardii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ailton Cesar Lemes
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil;
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Yu J. Gut mycobiome in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and clinical implication. Biomed J 2023:100625. [PMID: 37364760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are three common metabolic diseases with high prevalence worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may influence the development of metabolic diseases, in which gut fungal microbiome (mycobiome) is actively involved. In this review, we summarize the studies exploring the composition changes of gut mycobiome in metabolic diseases and mechanisms by which fungi affect the development of metabolic diseases. The current mycobiome-based therapies, including probiotic fungi, fungal products, anti-fungal agents and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and their implication in treating metabolic diseases are discussed. We highlight the unique role of gut mycobiome in metabolic diseases, providing perspectives for future research on gut mycobiome in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Vallianou NG, Kounatidis D, Tsilingiris D, Panagopoulos F, Christodoulatos GS, Evangelopoulos A, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. The Role of Next-Generation Probiotics in Obesity and Obesity-Associated Disorders: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076755. [PMID: 37047729 PMCID: PMC10095285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-associated disorders pose a major public health issue worldwide. Apart from conventional weight loss drugs, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) seem to be very promising as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against obesity. Candidate NGPs such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides coprocola, Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Hafnia alvei, Odoribacter laneus and Christensenella minuta have shown promise in preclinical models of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Proposed mechanisms include the modulation of gut flora and amelioration of intestinal dysbiosis, improvement of intestinal barrier function, reduction in chronic low-grade inflammation and modulation of gut peptide secretion. Akkermansia muciniphila and Hafnia alvei have already been administered in overweight/obese patients with encouraging results. However, safety issues and strict regulations should be constantly implemented and updated. In this review, we aim to explore (1) current knowledge regarding NGPs; (2) their utility in obesity and obesity-associated disorders; (3) their safety profile; and (4) their therapeutic potential in individuals with overweight/obesity. More large-scale, multicentric and longitudinal studies are mandatory to explore their preventive and therapeutic potential against obesity and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Fotis Panagopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 1 Sismanogleiou Street, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Evangelopoulos
- Roche Hellas Diagnostics S.A., 18-20 Amarousiou-Chalandriou Street, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Nayebhashemi M, Enayati S, Zahmatkesh M, Madanchi H, Saberi S, Mostafavi E, Mirbzadeh Ardakani E, Azizi M, Khalaj V. Surface display of pancreatic lipase inhibitor peptides by engineered Saccharomyces boulardii: Potential as an anti-obesity probiotic. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
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Gutierrez MW, Mercer EM, Moossavi S, Laforest-Lapointe I, Reyna ME, Becker AB, Simons E, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Azad MB, Arrieta MC. Maturational patterns of the infant gut mycobiome are associated with early-life body mass index. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100928. [PMID: 36736319 PMCID: PMC9975311 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the bacterial microbiome, the role of early-life gut fungi in host metabolism and childhood obesity development remains poorly characterized. To address this, we investigate the relationship between the gut mycobiome of 100 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study and body mass index Z scores (BMIz) in the first 5 years of life. An increase in fungal richness during the first year of life is linked to parental and infant BMI. The relationship between richness pattern and early-life BMIz is modified by maternal BMI, maternal diet, infant antibiotic exposure, and bacterial beta diversity. Further, the abundances of Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, and Malassezia are differentially associated with early-life BMIz. Using structural equation modeling, we determine that the mycobiome's contribution to BMIz is likely mediated by the bacterial microbiome. This demonstrates that mycobiome maturation and infant growth trajectories are distinctly linked, advocating for inclusion of fungi in larger pediatric microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie W Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emily M Mercer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Myrtha E Reyna
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Metabolic Disorders in Obese Patients from Randomized Clinical Controls: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7255413. [PMID: 36092166 PMCID: PMC9459443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7255413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aim at elucidating the heterogeneity in beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in obese adults by exploring the differential effects of antioxidant supplementation on basic indicators of obesity, lipid metabolism, systemic antioxidant capacity, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver function. Methods The inclusion criteria specified randomized controlled trials with antioxidant intervention for adults (mean body mass index (BMI) > 30), from inception to Aug. 8, 2021, in the PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Meta-analysis and publication bias were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias with Egger's and Begg's methods being mainly used. The data of basic indicators of obesity, lipid metabolism index, oxidative stress index, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver function index were collected to analyze the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in obese patients. Results A total of 30 studies were included in this study with a sample of 845 obese patients from the antioxidant supplementation group and 766 obese patients from the placebo control group. The meta-analysis showed that obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had lower BMI (mean difference (MD): − 0.44 [95%confidence interval (CI): − 0.84, −0.04], p = 0.03), waist circumference (MD : −0.78 [95%CI:−1.45, −0.11], p = 0.02), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (standardized mean difference (SMD): − 4.92 [95%CI:−6.87, −2.98], p < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD : −0.45 [95%CI:−0.61, −0.3], p < 0.001) when compared to the placebo group. Obese patients on antioxidant supplementation had lower levels of total cholesterol (SMD : −0.43 [95%CI:−0.84, −0.02], p = 0.04), triglycerides (SMD : −0.17 [95%CI:−0.31, −0.04], p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (SMD : −0.15 [95%CI:−0.29, −0.01], p = 0.03), malondialdehyde (SMD : −1.67 [95%CI:−2.69, −0.65], p = 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (SMD : −0.29 [95%CI:−0.56, −0.02], p = 0.03), respectively, when compared to the placebo group. In addition, obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (SMD : 0.25 [95%CI : 0.03, 0.46], p = 0.03) and superoxide dismutase (SMD : 1.09 [95%CI : 0.52, 1.65], p < 0.001) when compared to the placebo group. Antioxidant supplementation had no effects on other analyzed parameters including waist–hip ratio, leptin, fat mass, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase in obese patients. Conclusion The meta-analysis results indicated that antioxidant supplementation exerted potential beneficial effects in obese patients by regulating FBG, oxidative stress, and inflammation, whilst more high-quality studies are required to confirm these effects. The present study may provide important insights for the treatment of clinical obesity and obesity-associated complications.
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Mendonça JDS, Guimarães RDCA, Zorgetto-Pinheiro VA, Fernandes CDP, Marcelino G, Bogo D, Freitas KDC, Hiane PA, de Pádua Melo ES, Vilela MLB, do Nascimento VA. Natural Antioxidant Evaluation: A Review of Detection Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:3563. [PMID: 35684500 PMCID: PMC9182375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants have drawn the attention of the scientific community due to being related to the prevention of various degenerative diseases. The antioxidant capacity has been extensively studied in vitro, and different methods have been used to assess its activity. However, the main issues related to studying natural antioxidants are evaluating whether these antioxidants demonstrate a key role in the biological system and assessing their bioavailability in the organism. The majority of outcomes in the literature are controversial due to a lack of method standardization and their proper application. Therefore, this study aims to compile the main issues concerning the natural antioxidant field of study, comparing the most common in vitro methods to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural compounds, demonstrating the antioxidant activity in biological systems and the role of the main antioxidant enzymes of redox cellular signaling and explaining how the bioavailability of bioactive compounds is evaluated in animal models and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer da Silva Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Verônica Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Carolina Di Pietro Fernandes
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
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Quigley E. Clinical trials of probiotics in patients with IBS - some points to consider. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:204-211. [PMID: 35189598 PMCID: PMC8978119 DOI: 10.5056/jnm22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic products in various formulations are widely used world-wide for a seemingly limitless range of indications--from health maintenance to the alleviation of common intestinal ailments and on to the prevention and treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. The profusion of probiotic preparations, together with a very different regulatory climate compared to that which surrounds drugs and devices, leaves the consumer and the health care professional alike bewildered. How can they tell which products truly are what they claim to be? Which probiotics should be chosen for a particular clinical situation? These questions are thrown into stark relief when one evaluates the literature on probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. To provide some guidance the current probiotic landscape is reviewed and some achievable steps to help bring light to a murky environment are proposed. The goal is to promote verifiable quality control and generate actionable evidence from well-conducted clinical trials of probiotic products in irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College Houston, Texas, USA
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