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Mehta NH, Huey SL, Kuriyan R, Peña-Rosas JP, Finkelstein JL, Kashyap S, Mehta S. Potential Mechanisms of Precision Nutrition-Based Interventions for Managing Obesity. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100186. [PMID: 38316343 PMCID: PMC10914563 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision nutrition (PN) considers multiple individual-level and environmental characteristics or variables to better inform dietary strategies and interventions for optimizing health, including managing obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we review the evidence on potential mechanisms-including ones to identify individuals most likely to respond-that can be leveraged in the development of PN interventions addressing obesity. We conducted a review of the literature and included laboratory, animal, and human studies evaluating biochemical and genetic data, completed and ongoing clinical trials, and public programs in this review. Our analysis describes the potential mechanisms related to 6 domains including genetic predisposition, circadian rhythms, physical activity and sedentary behavior, metabolomics, the gut microbiome, and behavioral and socioeconomic characteristics, i.e., the factors that can be leveraged to design PN-based interventions to prevent and treat obesity-related outcomes such as weight loss or metabolic health as laid out by the NIH 2030 Strategic Plan for Nutrition Research. For example, single nucleotide polymorphisms can modify responses to certain dietary interventions, and epigenetic modulation of obesity risk via physical activity patterns and macronutrient intake have also been demonstrated. Additionally, we identified limitations including questions of equitable implementation across a limited number of clinical trials. These include the limited ability of current PN interventions to address systemic influences such as supply chains and food distribution, healthcare systems, racial or cultural inequities, and economic disparities, particularly when designing and implementing PN interventions in low- and middle-income communities. PN has the potential to help manage obesity by addressing intra- and inter-individual variation as well as context, as opposed to "one-size fits all" approaches though there is limited clinical trial evidence to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel H Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Samantha L Huey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas
- Global Initiatives, The Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Kashyap
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Medical Informatics, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Nguyen M, Ahn P, Dawi J, Gargaloyan A, Kiriaki A, Shou T, Wu K, Yazdan K, Venketaraman V. The Interplay between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Human Microbiome. Clin Pract 2024; 14:198-213. [PMID: 38391403 PMCID: PMC10887847 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a respiratory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a significant cause of mortality worldwide. The lung, a breeding ground for Mtb, was once thought to be a sterile environment, but has now been found to host its own profile of microbes. These microbes are critical in the development of the host immune system and can produce metabolites that aid in host defense against various pathogens. Mtb infection as well as antibiotics can shift the microbial profile, causing dysbiosis and dampening the host immune response. Additionally, increasing cases of drug resistant TB have impacted the success rates of the traditional therapies of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Recent years have produced tremendous research into the human microbiome and its role in contributing to or attenuating disease processes. Potential treatments aimed at altering the gut-lung bacterial axis may offer promising results against drug resistant TB and help mitigate the effects of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nguyen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Phillip Ahn
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - John Dawi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Areg Gargaloyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Anthony Kiriaki
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Tiffany Shou
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kevin Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kian Yazdan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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3
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Huang F, Cao Y, Liang J, Tang R, Wu S, Zhang P, Chen R. The influence of the gut microbiome on ovarian aging. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2295394. [PMID: 38170622 PMCID: PMC10766396 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2295394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging occurs prior to the aging of other organ systems and acts as the pacemaker of the aging process of multiple organs. As life expectancy has increased, preventing ovarian aging has become an essential goal for promoting extended reproductive function and improving bone and genitourinary conditions related to ovarian aging in women. An improved understanding of ovarian aging may ultimately provide tools for the prediction and mitigation of this process. Recent studies have suggested a connection between ovarian aging and the gut microbiota, and alterations in the composition and functional profile of the gut microbiota have profound consequences on ovarian function. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the ovaries is bidirectional. In this review, we examine current knowledge on ovary-gut microbiota crosstalk and further discuss the potential role of gut microbiota in anti-aging interventions. Microbiota-based manipulation is an appealing approach that may offer new therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghui Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Rare Disease Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Zeng Z, Quan C, Zhou S, Gong S, Iqbal M, Kulyar MFEA, Nawaz S, Li K, Li J. Gut microbiota and metabolic modulation by supplementation of polysaccharide-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Tibetan Yaks: A comprehensive multi-omics analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127808. [PMID: 37926310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and their metabolic processes depend on the intricate interplay of gut microbiota and their metabolic processes. Bacillus licheniformis, a beneficial food supplement, has shown promising effects on stabilizing gut microbiota and metabolites. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of polysaccharide-producing B. licheniformis as a dietary supplement on the gut microbiome and metabolites through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological analysis, high-throughput sequencing (HTS), and metabolomics. Our findings revealed that the B. licheniformis-treated group exhibited significantly increased jejunal goblet cells. Moreover, gut microbial diversity was lower in the treatment group as compared to the control, accompanied by noteworthy shifts in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Enrichment of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiales_bacterium contrasted with reduced levels of Campylobacterota, Proteobacteria, Parasutterella, and Helicobacter. Notably, the treatment group showed significant weight gain after 33 days, emphasizing the polysaccharide's impact on host metabolism. Delving into gut metabolomics, we discovered significant alterations in metabolites. Nine metabolites, including olprinone, pyruvic acid, and 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate, were upregulated, while eleven, including defoslimod and voclosporin were down-regulated, shedding light on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and the glucagon signaling pathway. This comprehensive multi-omics analysis offers compelling insights into the potential of B. licheniformis as a dietary polysaccharide supplement for gut health and host metabolism, promising significant implications for gut-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chuxian Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Saisai Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet 860000, PR China.
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Purdel C, Margină D, Adam-Dima I, Ungurianu A. The Beneficial Effects of Dietary Interventions on Gut Microbiota-An Up-to-Date Critical Review and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2023; 15:5005. [PMID: 38068863 PMCID: PMC10708505 DOI: 10.3390/nu15235005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dietary interventions, especially intermittent fasting, are widely used and promoted by physicians; these regimens have been studied lately for their impact on the gut microbiota composition/function and, consequently, on the general physiopathological processes of the host. Studies are showing that dietary components modulate the microbiota, and, at the same time, the host metabolism is deeply influenced by the different products resulting from nutrient transformation in the microbiota compartment. This reciprocal relationship can potentially influence even drug metabolism for chronic drug regimens, significantly impacting human health/disease. Recently, the influence of various dietary restrictions on the gut microbiota and the differences between the effects were investigated. In this review, we explored the current knowledge of different dietary restrictions on animal and human gut microbiota and the impact of these changes on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Purdel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (I.A.-D.)
| | - Denisa Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ines Adam-Dima
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (I.A.-D.)
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
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Guo M, Wang X, Li Y, Luo A, Zhao Y, Luo X, Li S. Intermittent Fasting on Neurologic Diseases: Potential Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4915. [PMID: 38068773 PMCID: PMC10707790 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is surging. These disorders have a multifaceted pathogenesis, entwined with genetic and environmental factors. Emerging research underscores the profound influence of diet on the development and progression of health conditions. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern that is increasingly embraced and recommended, has demonstrated potential in improving neurophysiological functions and mitigating pathological injuries with few adverse effects. Although the precise mechanisms of IF's beneficial impact are not yet completely understood, gut microbiota and their metabolites are believed to be pivotal in mediating these effects. This review endeavors to thoroughly examine current studies on the shifts in gut microbiota and metabolite profiles prompted by IF, and their possible consequences for neural health. It also highlights the significance of dietary strategies as a clinical consideration for those with neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ailin Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.G.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (A.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Minciuna I, Gallage S, Heikenwalder M, Zelber-Sagi S, Dufour JF. Intermittent fasting-the future treatment in NASH patients? Hepatology 2023; 78:1290-1305. [PMID: 37057877 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
NASH is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease with the potential of evolving towards end-stage liver disease and HCC, even in the absence of cirrhosis. Apart from becoming an increasingly prevalent indication for liver transplantation in cirrhotic and HCC patients, its burden on the healthcare system is also exerted by the increased number of noncirrhotic NASH patients. Intermittent fasting has recently gained more interest in the scientific community as a possible treatment approach for different components of metabolic syndrome. Basic science and clinical studies have shown that apart from inducing body weight loss, improving cardiometabolic parameters, namely blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; insulin and glucose metabolism; intermittent fasting can reduce inflammatory markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, autophagy, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as modulate gut microbiota. This review aims to further explore the main NASH pathogenetic metabolic drivers on which intermittent fasting can act upon and improve the prognosis of the disease, and summarize the current clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Minciuna
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Octavian Fodor, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MFT), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MFT), Tuebingen, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Lúcio H, Anunciação P, da Silva B, da Silva A, Queiroz V, de Carvalho C, Pinheiro-Sant’Ana H, Martino H. Consumption of Extruded Sorghum SC319 Improved Gut Microbiota at Genus Level and Reduced Anthropometric Markers in Men with Overweight: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3786. [PMID: 37686818 PMCID: PMC10490362 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum is a cereal source of energy, carbohydrates, resistant starch, proanthocyanidins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanins; it promotes satiety by slowing digestion and benefits intestinal health. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of extruded sorghum SC319 consumption on intestinal health, weight loss, and inflammatory markers in men with overweight. METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Twenty-one men were randomly allocated into one of two groups: the sorghum group (test), which received 40 g of extruded SC319 whole sorghum (n = 10), or the wheat group (control), which received 38 g of extruded whole wheat (n = 11) for eight weeks. RESULTS The sorghum consumption increased the weight loss intragroup, decreased the body fat percentage intergroup, and did not change inflammatory markers, while the wheat group had increased IL-6 levels compared to baseline. Short-chain fatty acid production, fecal pH, and α and β diversity indexes did not differ intra- and intergroup after interventions. However, sorghum consumption decreased genus levels of Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1, Dorea, and Odoribacter and increased CAG-873 and Turicibacter compared to baseline. Further, sorghum showed a tendency (p = 0.07) to decrease the proteobacteria phyla compared to wheat. CONCLUSION Extruded sorghum SC319 improved intestinal microbiota and body composition and promoted weight loss, demonstrating its prebiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haira Lúcio
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.L.); (P.A.); (B.d.S.); (A.d.S.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Pamella Anunciação
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.L.); (P.A.); (B.d.S.); (A.d.S.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Barbara da Silva
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.L.); (P.A.); (B.d.S.); (A.d.S.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.L.); (P.A.); (B.d.S.); (A.d.S.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Valéria Queiroz
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rote MG 424, Km 65, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, MG, Brazil;
| | - Carlos de Carvalho
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, nº 29.501, Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Helena Pinheiro-Sant’Ana
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.L.); (P.A.); (B.d.S.); (A.d.S.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Hercia Martino
- Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Av. Purdue, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.L.); (P.A.); (B.d.S.); (A.d.S.); (H.P.-S.)
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Hill EB, Konigsberg IR, Ir D, Frank DN, Jambal P, Litkowski EM, Lange EM, Lange LA, Ostendorf DM, Scorsone JJ, Wayland L, Bing K, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Bessesen DH, Catenacci VA, Stanislawski MA, Borengasser SJ. The Microbiome, Epigenome, and Diet in Adults with Obesity during Behavioral Weight Loss. Nutrients 2023; 15:3588. [PMID: 37630778 PMCID: PMC10458964 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to the gut microbiome, epigenome, and diet, yet these factors have not been studied together during obesity treatment. Our objective was to evaluate associations among gut microbiota (MB), DNA methylation (DNAme), and diet prior to and during a behavioral weight loss intervention. Adults (n = 47, age 40.9 ± 9.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 33.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 77% female) with data collected at baseline (BL) and 3 months (3 m) were included. Fecal MB was assessed via 16S sequencing and whole blood DNAme via the Infinium EPIC array. Food group and nutrient intakes and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were calculated from 7-day diet records. Linear models were used to test for the effect of taxa relative abundance on DNAme and diet cross-sectionally at each time point, adjusting for confounders and a false discovery rate of 5%. Mean weight loss was 6.2 ± 3.9% at 3 m. At BL, one MB taxon, Ruminiclostridium, was associated with DNAme of the genes COL20A1 (r = 0.651, p = 0.029), COL18A1 (r = 0.578, p = 0.044), and NT5E (r = 0.365, p = 0.043). At 3 m, there were 14 unique MB:DNAme associations, such as Akkermansia with DNAme of GUSB (r = -0.585, p = 0.003), CRYL1 (r = -0.419, p = 0.007), C9 (r = -0.439, p = 0.019), and GMDS (r = -0.559, p = 0.046). Among taxa associated with DNAme, no significant relationships were seen with dietary intakes of relevant nutrients, food groups, or HEI scores. Our findings indicate that microbes linked to mucin degradation, short-chain fatty acid production, and body weight are associated with DNAme of phenotypically relevant genes. These relationships offer an initial understanding of the possible routes by which alterations in gut MB may influence metabolism during weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
| | - Iain R. Konigsberg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Litkowski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jared J. Scorsone
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Liza Wayland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maggie A. Stanislawski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
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10
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Pérez-Gerdel T, Camargo M, Alvarado M, Ramírez JD. Impact of Intermittent Fasting on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200337. [PMID: 36950759 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity often results in severe negative health consequences and represents a growing issue for global health. Reducing food intake is a crucial factor for weight loss. Intermittent fasting is a relatively new intervention that contributes to weight reduction. Considering the intimate relationship between obesity and inflammatory pathologies with gut microbiota alterations, a systematic review of the literature was herein conducted to elucidate the relationship between time-restricted food intake and gut microbiota diversity in humans. Searches are carried out in three databases (PubMed, MedLine/OVID, and Academic Search Complete) between April 2019 and April 2022. Nine studies (all with longitudinal design) were identified as eligible by presenting data about the impact of intermittent fasting schemes on gut microbiota. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increase throughout follow-ups, while 16 bacteria genera change their abundance in response to intermittent fasting. Finally, some genera associated with clinical predictors such as weight change, abdominal circumference, and metabolic variables were reported. Changes induced by fasting schemes positively impact the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota and the biomarkers described here. However, the changes previously reported have been studied in short periods and some return to their basal state after fasting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoro Pérez-Gerdel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
| | - Milena Camargo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Funza-Cundinamarca, 250027, Colombia
| | - Mateo Alvarado
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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11
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Wang H, Song W, Yuan W, Zhou Q, Sadiq FA, Zhao J, Wu W, Lu W. Modulating the Human Gut Microbiota through Hypocaloric Balanced Diets: An Effective Approach for Managing Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3101. [PMID: 37513521 PMCID: PMC10383620 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hypocaloric balanced diet (HBD) on anthropometric measures and gut microbiota of 43 people with obesity. Fecal samples were collected from the study subjects at weeks 0 and 12, and a detailed analysis of gut microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. By comparing anthropometric measures and microbiota changes in subjects before and after the HBD intervention, we revealed the potential effects of HBD on weight loss and gut microbiota. Our results indicated that the HBD resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI), and most of the physiological indicators were decreased to a greater degree in the effective HBD group (EHBD, weight loss ≥ 5%) than in the ineffective HBD group (IHBD, weight loss < 5%). The HBD intervention also modified the gut microbiota of the subjects with obesity. Specifically, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Ruminococcus (R. torques, R. gnavus), and Pseudomonas were significantly reduced. In addition, we employed machine learning models, such as XGBRF and GB models, to rank the importance of various features and identified the top 10 key bacterial genera involved. Gut microbiota co-occurrence networks showed the dominance of healthier microbiota following successful weight loss. These results suggested that the HBD intervention enhanced weight loss, which may be related to diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qunyan Zhou
- Department of Nutriology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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12
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Wang L, Wang F, Xiong L, Song H, Ren B, Shen X. A nexus of dietary restriction and gut microbiota: Recent insights into metabolic health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37154021 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, dietary restriction (DR) has received considerable attention for its promising effects on metabolism and longevity. Previous studies on DR have mainly focused on the health benefits produced by different restriction patterns, whereas comprehensive reviews of the role of gut microbiota during DR are limited. In this review, we discuss the effects of caloric restriction, fasting, protein restriction, and amino acid restriction from a microbiome perspective. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms by which DR affects metabolic health by regulating intestinal homeostasis are summarized. Specifically, we reviewed the impacts of different DRs on specific gut microbiota. Additionally, we put forward the limitations of the current research and suggest the development of personalized microbes-directed DR for different populations and corresponding next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate microbiological analysis. DR effectively modulates the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. In particular, DR markedly affects the rhythmic oscillation of microbes which may be related to the circadian clock system. Moreover, increasing evidence supports that DR profoundly improves metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and cognitive impairment. To summarize, DR may be an effective and executable dietary manipulation strategy for maintaining metabolic health, however, further investigation is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
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13
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Popa AD, Niță O, Gherasim A, Enache AI, Caba L, Mihalache L, Arhire LI. A Scoping Review of the Relationship between Intermittent Fasting and the Human Gut Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Nutrients 2023; 15:2095. [PMID: 37432222 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been promoted as an alternative to dietary caloric restriction for the treatment of obesity. IF restricts the amount of food consumed and improves the metabolic balance by synchronizing it with the circadian rhythm. Dietary changes have a rapid effect on the gut microbiota, modulating the interaction between meal timing and host circadian rhythms. Our paper aims to review the relationships between IF and human gut microbiota. In this study, the primary area of focus was the effect of IF on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and its relationship with weight loss and metabolomic alterations, which are particularly significant for metabolic syndrome characteristics. We discussed each of these findings according to the type of IF involved, i.e., time-restricted feeding, Ramadan fasting, alternate-day fasting, and the 5:2 diet. Favorable metabolic effects regarding the reciprocity between IF and gut microbiota changes have also been highlighted. In conclusion, IF may enhance metabolic health by modifying the gut microbiota. However additional research is required to draw definitive conclusions about this outcome because of the limited number and diverse designs of existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Delia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Otilia Niță
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Gherasim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Armand Iustinian Enache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihalache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lidia Iuliana Arhire
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
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14
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Tian Y, Ullah H, Gu J, Li K. Immune-metabolic mechanisms of post-traumatic stress disorder and atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123692. [PMID: 36846337 PMCID: PMC9944953 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and atherosclerosis (AS) increase the risk of mortality. Metabolism and immunity play important roles in the comorbidity associated with PTSD and AS. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways are attractive research topics in the fields of metabolism, immunity, and autophagy. They may be effective intervention targets in the prevention and treatment of PTSD comorbidity with AS. Herein, we comprehensively review metabolic factors, including glutamate and lipid alterations, in PTSD comorbidity with AS and discuss the possible implications in the pathophysiology of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Tian
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ka Li,
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15
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Abstract
Experimental trials in organisms ranging from yeast to humans have shown that various forms of reducing food intake (caloric restriction) appear to increase both overall and healthy lifespan, delaying the onset of disease and slowing the progression of biomarkers of aging. The gut microbiota is considered one of the key environmental factors strongly contributing to the regulation of host health. Perturbations in the composition and activity of the gut microbiome are thought to be involved in the emergence of multiple diseases. Indeed, many studies investigating gut microbiota have been performed and have shown strong associations between specific microorganisms and metabolic diseases including overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as specific gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Dietary interventions known to reduce inflammation and improve metabolic health are potentiated by prior fasting. Inversely, birth weight differential host oxidative phosphorylation response to fasting implies epigenetic control of some of its effector pathways. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of fasting in improving insulin signaling and blood glucose control, and in reducing inflammation, conditions for which, additionally, the gut microbiota has been identified as a site of both risk and protective factors. Accordingly, human gut microbiota, both in symbiont and pathobiont roles, have been proposed to impact and mediate some health benefits of fasting and could potentially affect many of these diseases. While results from small-N studies diverge, fasting consistently enriches widely recognized anti-inflammatory gut commensals such as Faecalibacterium and other short-chain fatty acid producers, which likely mediates some of its health effects through immune system and barrier function impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K Forslund
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Lao BN, Luo JH, Xu XY, Fu LZ, Tang F, Ouyang WW, Xu XZ, Wei MT, Xiao BJ, Chen LY, Wu YF, Liu XS. Time-restricted feeding's effect on overweight and obese patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-4: A prospective non-randomized control pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1096093. [PMID: 37082115 PMCID: PMC10111616 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1096093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has become a popular weight loss method in recent years. It is widely used in the nutritional treatment of normal obese people and obese people with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and has shown many benefits. However, most TRF studies have excluded chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, resulting in a lack of sufficient evidence-based practice for the efficacy and safety of TRF therapy for CKD. Therefore, we explore the efficacy and safety of TRF in overweight and obese patients with moderate-to-severe stage CKD through this pilot study, and observe patient compliance to assess the feasibility of the therapy. Methods This is a prospective, non-randomized controlled short-term clinical trial. We recruited overweight and obese patients with CKD stages 3-4 from an outpatient clinic and assigned them to either a TRF group or a control diet (CD) group according to their preferences. Changes in renal function, other biochemical data, anthropometric parameters, gut microbiota, and adverse events were measured before the intervention and after 12 weeks. Results The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after intervention in the TRF group (Δ = 3.1 ± 5.3 ml/min/1.73m2) showed significant improvement compared with the CD group (Δ = -0.8 ± 4.4 ml/min/1.73m2). Furthermore, the TRF group had a significant decrease in uric acid (Δ = -70.8 ± 124.2 μmol/L), but an increase in total protein (Δ = 1.7 ± 2.5 g/L), while the changes were inconsistent for inflammatory factors. In addition, the TRF group showed a significant decrease in body weight (Δ = -2.8 ± 2.9 kg) compared to the CD group, and body composition indicated the same decrease in body fat mass, fat free mass and body water. Additionally, TRF shifted the gut microbiota in a positive direction. Conclusion Preliminary studies suggest that overweight and obese patients with moderate-to-severe CKD with weight loss needs, and who were under strict medical supervision by healthcare professionals, performed TRF with good compliance. They did so without apparent adverse events, and showed efficacy in protecting renal function. These results may be due to changes in body composition and alterations in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-ni Lao
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-hong Luo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-yi Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-zhe Fu
- Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Chronic Disease Management Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-wei Ouyang
- Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin-zhu Xu
- Nutritional Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-ting Wei
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-jie Xiao
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-yi Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-fan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-fan Wu, ; Xu-sheng Liu,
| | - Xu-sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-fan Wu, ; Xu-sheng Liu,
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17
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Peng K, Dong W, Luo T, Tang H, Zhu W, Huang Y, Yang X. Butyrate and obesity: Current research status and future prospect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1098881. [PMID: 36909336 PMCID: PMC9999029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1098881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, increasing prevalence of obesity caused an enormous medical, social, and economic burden. As the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide, obesity not only directly harms the human body, but also leads to many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and mental illness. Weight loss is still one of the most effective strategies against obesity and related disorders. Recently, the link between intestinal microflora and metabolic health has been constantly established. Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is a major metabolite of the gut microbiota that has many beneficial effects on metabolic health. The anti-obesity activity of butyrate has been demonstrated, but its mechanisms of action have not been fully described. This review summarizes current knowledge of butyrate, including its production, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and the effect and mechanisms involved in weight loss and obesity-related diseases. The aim was to contribute to and advance our understanding of butyrate and its role in obesity. Further exploration of butyrate and its pathway may help to identify new anti-obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Taimin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Seventh People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
| | - Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
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18
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Gruneck L, Marriott LK, Gentekaki E, Kespechara K, Sharpton TJ, Denny J, Shannon J, Popluechai S. A Non-Randomized Trial Investigating the Impact of Brown Rice Consumption on Gut Microbiota, Attention, and Short-Term Working Memory in Thai School-Aged Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235176. [PMID: 36501207 PMCID: PMC9738792 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While dietary fiber has been shown to influence the composition of gut microbiota and cognitive function in adults, much less is known about the fiber-microbiome-cognition association in children. We profiled gut microbiota using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and evaluated cognitive function using the Corsi block-tapping test (CBT) and the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) before, during, and after the dietary intervention of 127 school-aged children in northern Thailand. While we found that Sinlek rice (SLR) consumption did not significantly alter the abundance of gut microbiota or the cognitive performance of school-aged children, we did find age to be associated with variations in both the gut microbiota profiles and cognitive outcomes. Gammaproteobacteria was significantly lower in the control and SLR groups during the middle time points of both phases (Weeks 4 and 61), and its abundance was associated with age. Cognitive performance using CBT and PVT were also found to be age-sensitive, as older children outperformed younger children on both of these cognitive assessments. Finally, a multiple factor analysis (MFA) revealed that age and cognitive performance best explain individual variation in this study. Collectively, these findings further describe the influence of host variables on the microbial profiles and cognitive outcomes of school-aged children consuming Sinlek rice in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucsame Gruneck
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Lisa K. Marriott
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | | | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Justin Denny
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Siam Popluechai
- Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (S.P.)
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19
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Hernández-Calderón P, Wiedemann L, Benítez-Páez A. The microbiota composition drives personalized nutrition: Gut microbes as predictive biomarkers for the success of weight loss diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006747. [PMID: 36211501 PMCID: PMC9537590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the human gut microbiome during recent years has permitted us to understand its relevance for human health at a systemic level, making it possible to establish different functional axes (e.g., the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes), which support the organ-like status conferred to this microecological component of our body. The human gut microbiota is extremely variable but modifiable via diet, a fact that allows targeting of microbes through defined dietary strategies to uncover cost-effective therapies to minimize the burden of non-communicable diseases such as pandemic obesity and overweight and its metabolic comorbidities. Nevertheless, randomly controlled dietary interventions regularly exhibit low to moderate degrees of success in weight control, making their implementation difficult in clinical practice. Here, we review the predictive value of the baseline gut microbiota configurations to anticipate the success of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss, mostly based on caloric restriction regimes and oral fiber supplementation. This emergent research concept fits into precision medicine by considering different diet patterns and adopting the best one, based on the individual microbiota composition, to reach significant adiposity reduction and improve metabolic status. We review the results from this fresh perspective of investigation, taking into account studies released very recently. We also discuss some future outlooks in the field and potential pitfalls to overcome with the aim of gaining knowledge in the field and achieving breakthroughs in personalized nutrition.
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20
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Correale J, Hohlfeld R, Baranzini SE. The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:544-558. [PMID: 35931825 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, research has revealed that the vast community of micro-organisms that inhabit the gut - known as the gut microbiota - is intricately linked to human health and disease, partly as a result of its influence on systemic immune responses. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that these effects on immune function are important in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and that modulation of the microbiome could be therapeutically beneficial in these conditions. In this Review, we examine the influence that the gut microbiota have on immune function via modulation of serotonin production in the gut and through complex interactions with components of the immune system, such as T cells and B cells. We then present evidence from studies in mice and humans that these effects of the gut microbiota on the immune system are important in the development and course of MS. We also consider how strategies for manipulating the composition of the gut microbiota could be used to influence disease-related immune dysfunction and form the basis of a new class of therapeutics. The strategies discussed include the use of probiotics, supplementation with bacterial metabolites, transplantation of faecal matter or defined microbial communities, and dietary intervention. Carefully designed studies with large human cohorts will be required to gain a full understanding of the microbiome changes involved in MS and to develop therapeutic strategies that target these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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21
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Silva JMLD, Silva JHDC, Silva MLD, Souza VDON, Barros WMA. Letter to the editor: Gut microbiota is associated with metabolic health in children with obesity. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2406-2407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Cuevas-Sierra A, Milagro FI, Guruceaga E, Cuervo M, Goni L, García-Granero M, Martinez JA, Riezu-Boj JI. A weight-loss model based on baseline microbiota and genetic scores for selection of dietary treatments in overweight and obese population. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1712-1723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Impact of Food-Based Weight Loss Interventions on Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091953. [PMID: 35565919 PMCID: PMC9099876 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that the gut microbiota is different in healthy weight as compared with the obese state has sparked interest in the possible modulation of the microbiota in response to weight change. This systematic review investigates the effect of food-based weight loss diets on microbiota outcomes (α-diversity, β-diversity, relative bacterial abundance, and faecal short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs) in individuals without medical comorbidities who have successfully lost weight. Nineteen studies were included using the keywords ‘obesity’, ‘weight loss’, ‘microbiota’, and related terms. Across all 28 diet intervention arms, there were minimal changes in α- and β-diversity and faecal SCFA concentrations following weight loss. Changes in relative bacterial abundance at the phylum and genus level were inconsistent across studies. Further research with larger sample sizes, detailed dietary reporting, and consistent microbiota analysis techniques are needed to further our understanding of the effect of diet-induced weight loss on the gut microbiota.
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